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National Hockey League
Ligue nationale de hockey (French)

Current season, competition or edition:
Current sports event 2022–23 NHL season
05 NHL Shield.svg
Sport Ice hockey
Founded November 26, 1917 (105 years ago),
Montreal, Quebec, Canada[1]
Inaugural season 1917–18
Commissioner Gary Bettman
No. of teams 32
Countries Canada (7 teams)
United States (25 teams)
Headquarters 1185 6th Avenue
New York City
Most recent
champion(s)		 Colorado Avalanche
(3rd title)
Most titles Montreal Canadiens
(25 titles)[nb 1]
TV partner(s)
  • Canada:
  • Sportsnet/CBC/TVA Sports[2]
  • United States:
  • ABC/ESPN/ESPN+/Hulu[3]
  • TNT/TBS/HBO Max[4]
  • NHL Network
  • International:
  • See list
Official website NHL.com

The National Hockey League (NHL; French: Ligue nationale de hockey—LNH, French pronunciation: [liɡ nasjɔnal də ɔkɛ]) is a professional ice hockey league in North America comprising 32 teams—25 in the United States and 7 in Canada. It is considered to be the top ranked professional ice hockey league in the world,[5] and is one of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America,[6] is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The NHL is the fifth-wealthiest professional sport league in the world by revenue, after the National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the English Premier League (EPL).[7]

The National Hockey League was organized at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal on November 26, 1917, after the suspension of operations of its predecessor organization, the National Hockey Association (NHA), which had been founded in 1909 in Renfrew, Ontario.[8] The NHL immediately took the NHA’s place as one of the leagues that contested for the Stanley Cup in an annual interleague competition before a series of league mergers and foldings left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Stanley Cup in 1926.

At its inception, the NHL had four teams, all in Canada, thus the adjective «National» in the league’s name. The league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of both American and Canadian teams. From 1942 to 1967, the league had only six teams, collectively (if not contemporaneously) nicknamed the «Original Six». The NHL added six new teams to double its size at the 1967 NHL expansion. The league then increased to 18 teams by 1974 and 21 teams in 1979. Between 1991 and 2000 the NHL further expanded to 30 teams. It added its 31st and 32nd teams in 2017 and 2021, respectively.

The league’s headquarters have been in Midtown Manhattan since 1989, when the head office moved from Montreal.[9] There have been four league-wide work stoppages in NHL history, all occurring after 1992.[10] The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) considers the Stanley Cup to be one of the «most important championships available to the sport».[11] The NHL draws many highly skilled players from all over the world and currently has players from approximately 20 countries.[12] Canadians have historically constituted the majority of the players in the league, with an increasing percentage of American and European players in recent seasons.

The Montreal Canadiens have the most NHL titles with 24 (including 23 Stanley Cup championships since entering the league). Entering the 2022–23 season, the Colorado Avalanche, who defeated the Tampa Bay Lightning 4–2 in the 2022 Stanley Cup Finals, are the reigning league champions.

History[edit]

Early years[edit]

The National Hockey League was established in 1917 as the successor to the National Hockey Association (NHA). Founded in 1909, the NHA began play in 1910 with seven teams in Ontario and Quebec, and was one of the first major leagues in professional ice hockey. However, by its eighth season, a series of disputes with Toronto Blueshirts owner Eddie Livingstone led team owners of the Montreal Canadiens, the Montreal Wanderers, the Ottawa Senators, and the Quebec Bulldogs to hold a meeting to discuss the league’s future.[13] Realizing the NHA constitution left them unable to force Livingstone out, the four teams voted instead to suspend the NHA, and on November 26, 1917, formed the National Hockey League. Frank Calder was chosen as the NHL’s first president, serving until his death in 1943.[14]

The Bulldogs were unable to play in the NHL, and the remaining owners founded the Toronto Arenas to compete with the Canadiens, Wanderers and Senators.[15] The first games were played on December 19, 1917.[16] The Montreal Arena burned down in January 1918, causing the Wanderers to cease operations,[17] and the NHL continued on as a three-team league until the Bulldogs returned in 1919.[18]

The Stanley Cup in 1930, several years after it became the de facto championship trophy for the NHL

The NHL replaced the NHA as one of the leagues that competed for the Stanley Cup, an interleague competition at the time. Toronto won the first NHL title, and then defeated the Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) for the 1918 Stanley Cup.[19] The Canadiens won the league title in 1919, but the series in the Stanley Cup Finals against the PCHA’s Seattle Metropolitans was abandoned due to the Spanish Flu epidemic.[20] In 1924, Montreal won their first Stanley Cup as a member of the NHL.[21] The Hamilton Tigers won the regular season title in 1924–25, but refused to play in the championship series unless they were given a C$200 bonus.[22] The league refused and declared the Canadiens the league champion after they defeated the Toronto St. Patricks (formerly the Arenas) in the semi-final. Montreal was then defeated by the Victoria Cougars of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL) in 1925. It was the last time a non-NHL team won the trophy,[23] as the Stanley Cup became the de facto NHL championship in 1926, after the WCHL ceased operation.[24]

The National Hockey League embarked on a rapid expansion in the 1920s, adding the Montreal Maroons and the Boston Bruins in 1924, the latter being the first American team to join the league.[25] The New York Americans began play in 1925 after purchasing the assets of the Hamilton Tigers, and were joined by the Pittsburgh Pirates.[26] The New York Rangers were added in 1926,[27] and the Chicago Black Hawks and Detroit Cougars (later the Red Wings) were added after the league purchased the assets of the defunct WCHL.[28] A group purchased the Toronto St. Patricks in 1927 and immediately renamed them the Toronto Maple Leafs.[29]

Original Six era[edit]

In 1934, the first NHL All-Star Game was held to benefit Ace Bailey, whose career ended on a vicious hit by Eddie Shore.[30] The second was held in 1937 in support of Howie Morenz’s family when he died of a coronary embolism after breaking his leg during a game.[31]

The Great Depression and the onset of World War II took a toll on the league. The Pirates became the Philadelphia Quakers in 1930, then folded a year later. The Senators likewise became the St. Louis Eagles in 1934, also lasting only a year.[32] The Maroons did not survive, as they suspended operations in 1938.[33] The Americans were suspended in 1942 due to a lack of available players, and were never reactivated.[34]

Five men playing hockey in a crowded arena.

For the 1942–43 season, the NHL was reduced to six teams: the Boston Bruins, the Chicago Black Hawks, the Detroit Red Wings, the Montreal Canadiens, the New York Rangers, and the Toronto Maple Leafs, a line-up, often referred to as the «Original Six», which would remain constant for the next 25 years. In 1947, the league reached an agreement with the Stanley Cup trustees to take full control of the trophy, allowing it to reject challenges from other leagues that wished to play for the Cup.[35]

In 1945, Maurice «Rocket» Richard became the first player to score 50 goals, doing so in a 50-game season.[36] Richard later led the Canadiens to five consecutive titles between 1956 and 1960, a record no team has matched.[37]

On March 13, 1948, Asian Canadian Larry Kwong became the first non-white player in the NHL and broke the league’s colour barrier by playing for the New York Rangers.[38][39] On January 18, 1958, Willie O’Ree became the first Black player in the league’s history when he made his debut with the Boston Bruins.[40]

Expansion era[edit]

By the mid-1960s, the desire for a network television contract in the United States, coupled with concerns that the Western Hockey League was planning to declare itself a major league and challenge for the Stanley Cup, spurred the NHL to undertake its first expansion since the 1920s. The league doubled in size to 12 teams for the 1967–68 season, adding the Los Angeles Kings, the Minnesota North Stars, the Philadelphia Flyers, the Pittsburgh Penguins, the California Seals, and the St. Louis Blues.[41] However, Canadian fans were outraged that all six teams were placed in the United States,[42] so the league responded by adding the Vancouver Canucks in 1970, along with the Buffalo Sabres, both located on the Canada–United States border.[43] Two years later, the emergence of the newly founded World Hockey Association (WHA) led the league to add the New York Islanders and the Atlanta Flames to keep the rival league out of those markets.[44] In 1974, the Washington Capitals and the Kansas City Scouts were added, bringing the league up to 18 teams.[45]

NHL logo used from 1946 until 2005

The NHL fought the WHA for players, losing 67 to the new league in its first season of 1972–73,[46] including the Chicago Black Hawks’ Bobby Hull, who signed a ten-year, $2.5 million contract with the Winnipeg Jets, then the largest in hockey history.[47] The league attempted to block the defections in court, but a counter-suit by the WHA led to a Philadelphia judge ruling the NHL’s reserve clause to be illegal, thus eliminating the elder league’s monopoly over the players.[48] Seven years of battling for players and markets financially damaged both leagues, leading to a merger agreement in 1979 that saw the WHA cease operations while the NHL absorbed the Winnipeg Jets, the Edmonton Oilers, the Hartford Whalers, and the Quebec Nordiques.[49] The owners initially rejected this merger agreement by one vote, but a massive boycott of Molson Brewery products by Canadian fans resulted in the Montreal Canadiens, which was owned by Molson, reversing its position, along with the Vancouver Canucks. In a second vote, the plan was approved.[50]

Wayne Gretzky played one season in the WHA for the Indianapolis Racers (eight games) and the Edmonton Oilers (72 games) before the Oilers joined the NHL for the 1979–80 season.[51] Gretzky went on to lead the Oilers to win four Stanley Cup championships in 1984, 1985, 1987, and 1988, and set single season records for goals (92 in 1981–82), assists (163 in 1985–86) and points (215 in 1985–86), as well as career records for goals (894), assists (1,963) and points (2,857).[51] In 1988, he was traded to the Los Angeles Kings in a deal that dramatically improved the league’s popularity in the United States. By the turn of the century, nine more teams were added to the NHL: the San Jose Sharks, the Tampa Bay Lightning, the Ottawa Senators, the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, the Florida Panthers, the Nashville Predators, the Atlanta Thrashers (now the Winnipeg Jets), and in 2000, the Minnesota Wild and the Columbus Blue Jackets.[52] On July 21, 2015, the NHL confirmed that it had received applications from prospective ownership groups in Quebec City and Las Vegas for possible expansion teams,[53] and on June 22, 2016, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman announced the addition of a 31st franchise, based in Las Vegas and later named the Vegas Golden Knights, into the NHL for the 2017–18 season.[54] On December 4, 2018, the league announced a 32nd franchise in Seattle, later named the Seattle Kraken who joined in the 2021–22 season.[55]

Labour issues[edit]

There have been four league-wide work stoppages in NHL history, all occurring after 1992. The first was a strike by the National Hockey League Players’ Association in April 1992, which lasted for ten days but was settled quickly with all affected games rescheduled.[56]

A lockout at the start of the 1994–95 season forced the league to reduce the schedule from 84 games to 48, with the teams playing only intra-conference games during the reduced season.[56] The resulting collective bargaining agreement (CBA) was set for renegotiation in 1998, and extended to September 15, 2004.[57]

With no new agreement in hand when the contract expired, league commissioner Gary Bettman announced a lockout of the players union and closed the league’s head office for the 2004–05 season.[57] The league vowed to install what it dubbed «cost certainty» for its teams, but the Players’ Association countered that the move was little more than a euphemism for a salary cap, which the union initially said it would not accept. The lockout shut down the league for 310 days, making it the longest in sports history, as the NHL became the first professional sports league to lose an entire season.[57] A new collective bargaining agreement was eventually ratified in July 2005, including a salary cap. The agreement had a term of six years with an option of extending the collective bargaining agreement for an additional year at the end of the term, allowing the league to resume as of the 2005–06 season.[57]

On October 5, 2005, the first post-lockout season took to the ice with all 30 teams. The NHL received record attendance in the 2005–06 season, with an average of 16,955 per game.[58] However, its television audience was slower to rebound due to American cable broadcaster ESPN’s decision to drop its NHL coverage.[59] The league’s post-lockout agreement with NBC gave the league a share of revenue from each game’s advertising sales, rather than the usual lump sum paid up front for game rights. The league’s annual revenues were estimated at $2.27 billion.[59]

On September 16, 2012, the labour pact expired, and the league again locked out the players.[60] The owners proposed reducing the players’ share of hockey-related revenues from 57 percent to 47 percent.[61] All games were cancelled up to January 14, 2013, along with the 2013 NHL Winter Classic and the 2013 NHL All-Star Weekend.[62][63][64][65] On January 6, a tentative agreement was reached on a ten-year deal.[66] On January 12, the league and the Players’ Association signed a memorandum of understanding on the new deal, allowing teams to begin their training camps the next day, with a shortened 48-game season schedule that began on January 19.[67]

Player safety issues[edit]

Player safety has become a major issue in the NHL, with concussions resulting from a hard hit to the head being the primary concern. Recent studies have shown how the consequences of concussions can last beyond player retirement.[68] This has significant effects on the league, as elite players have suffered from the aftereffects of concussions (such as Sidney Crosby being sidelined for approximately ten and a half months), which adversely affects the league’s marketability.[69] In December 2009, Brendan Shanahan was hired to replace Colin Campbell, and was given the role of senior vice-president of player safety. Shanahan began to hand out suspensions on high-profile perpetrators responsible for dangerous hits, such as Raffi Torres receiving 25 games for his hit on Marian Hossa.[70]

To aid with removing high-speed collisions on icing, which had led to several potential career-ending injuries such as Hurricanes’ defenceman Joni Pitkanen, the league mandated hybrid no-touch icing for the 2013–14 NHL season.[71]

On November 25, 2013, ten former NHL players (Gary Leeman, Rick Vaive, Brad Aitken, Darren Banks, Curt Bennett, Richie Dunn, Warren Holmes, Bob Manno, Blair Stewart, and Morris Titanic) sued the league for negligence in protecting players from concussions. The suit came three months after the National Football League agreed to pay former players US$765 million due to a player safety lawsuit.[72]

Women in the NHL[edit]

From 1952 to 1955, Marguerite Norris served as president of the Detroit Red Wings, being the first female NHL executive and the first woman to have her name engraved on the Stanley Cup. In 1992, Manon Rhéaume became the first woman to play a game in any of the major professional North American sports leagues, as a goaltender for the Tampa Bay Lightning in a pre-season game against the St. Louis Blues, stopping seven of nine shots.[73][74] In 2016, Dawn Braid was hired as the Arizona Coyotes’ skating coach, making her the first female full-time coach in the NHL.[75] The first female referees in the NHL were hired in a test-run during the league’s preseason prospect tournaments in September 2019.[76]

In 2016, the NHL hosted the 2016 Outdoor Women’s Classic, an exhibition game between the Boston Pride of the National Women’s Hockey League and the Les Canadiennes of the Canadian Women’s Hockey League, as part of the 2016 NHL Winter Classic weekend festivities.[77] In 2019, the NHL invited four women from the US and Canadian Olympic teams to demonstrate the events in All-Star skills competition before the All-Star Game. Due to Nathan MacKinnon choosing not to participate following a bruised ankle, Team USA’s Kendall Coyne Schofield competed in the Fastest Skater competition in his place becoming the first woman to officially compete in the NHL’s All-Star festivities.[78] The attention led the NHL to include a 3-on-3 women’s game before the 2020 All-Star Game.[79] Rheaume returned to perform as a goaltender for the 2022 NHL All-Star Game’s Breakaway Challenge.[80]

Organizational structure[edit]

Board of Governors[edit]

The Board of Governors is the ruling and governing body of the National Hockey League. In this context, each team is a member of the league, and each member appoints a Governor (usually the owner of the club), and two alternates to the Board. The current chairman of the Board is Boston Bruins owner Jeremy Jacobs. The Board of Governors exists to establish the policies of the league and to uphold its constitution. Some of the responsibilities of the Board of Governors include:[81]

  • review and approve any changes to the league’s rules.
  • hiring and firing of the commissioner.
  • review and approve the purchase, sale, or relocation of any member club.
  • review and approve the Salary caps for member clubs.
  • review and approve any changes to the structure of the game schedule.

The Board of Governors meets twice per year, in the months of June and December, with the exact date and place to be fixed by the Commissioner.

Executives[edit]

The chief executive of the league is Commissioner Gary Bettman. Some of the principal decision-makers who serve under the authority of the commissioner include:

  • Deputy Commissioner & Chief Legal Officer: Bill Daly
  • Executive VP & CFO: Craig Harnett
  • Chief Operating Officer: Steve McArdle
  • Executive VP & Director of Hockey Operations: Colin Campbell
  • NHL Enterprises: Ed Horne
  • Senior Vice-President of Player Safety: George Parros[82]

Teams[edit]

From the 2017–18 season to the 2019–20 season, the NHL consisted of 31 teams—24 based in the United States and seven in Canada. The NHL divided the 31 teams into two conferences: the Eastern Conference and the Western Conference. Each conference was split into two divisions: the Eastern Conference contained 16 teams (eight per division), while the Western Conference had 15 teams (seven in the Central and eight in the Pacific). The league temporarily realigned for the 2020–21 season but returned to the previous alignment the following year. With the addition of the Seattle Kraken in 2021–22 to the Pacific Division and the Arizona Coyotes’ move from the Pacific to the Central, all four divisions now have eight teams each and both conferences have 16 teams.

The number of NHL teams held constant at 30 teams from the 2000–01 season, when the Minnesota Wild and the Columbus Blue Jackets joined the league as expansion teams, until 2017. That expansion capped a period in the 1990s of rapid expansion and relocation when the NHL added nine teams to grow from 21 to 30 teams, and relocated four teams mostly from smaller, northern cities to larger, more southern metropolitan areas (Minneapolis to Dallas, Quebec City to Denver, Winnipeg to Phoenix, and Hartford to Raleigh). The league has not contracted any teams since the Cleveland Barons were merged into the Minnesota North Stars in 1978. The league expanded for the first time in 17 years[83] to 31 teams with the addition of the Vegas Golden Knights in 2017,[54] then to 32 with the addition of the Seattle Kraken in 2021.[55][84]

According to Forbes, in 2022, the top five most valuable teams were «Original Six» teams:

  1. New York Rangers – US$2 billion
  2. Toronto Maple Leafs – US$1.8 billion
  3. Montreal Canadiens – US$1.6 billion
  4. Chicago Blackhawks – US$1.4 billion
  5. Boston Bruins – US$1.3 billion.

The remaining member of the Original Six, the Detroit Red Wings, ranked ninth at US$990 million.[85]

List of teams[edit]

Division Team City Arena Capacity Founded Joined General manager Head coach Captain
Eastern Conference
Atlantic Boston Bruins Boston, Massachusetts TD Garden 17,850 1924 Don Sweeney Jim Montgomery Patrice Bergeron
Buffalo Sabres Buffalo, New York KeyBank Center 19,070 1970 Kevyn Adams Don Granato Kyle Okposo
Detroit Red Wings Detroit, Michigan Little Caesars Arena 19,515 1926 Steve Yzerman Derek Lalonde Dylan Larkin
Florida Panthers Sunrise, Florida FLA Live Arena 19,250 1993 Bill Zito Paul Maurice Aleksander Barkov
Montreal Canadiens Montreal, Quebec Bell Centre 21,302 1909 1917 Kent Hughes Martin St. Louis Nick Suzuki
Ottawa Senators Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Tire Centre 18,652 1992 Pierre Dorion D.J. Smith Brady Tkachuk
Tampa Bay Lightning Tampa, Florida Amalie Arena 19,092 1992 Julien BriseBois Jon Cooper Steven Stamkos
Toronto Maple Leafs Toronto, Ontario Scotiabank Arena 18,819 1917 Kyle Dubas Sheldon Keefe John Tavares
Metropolitan Carolina Hurricanes Raleigh, North Carolina PNC Arena 18,680 1972 1979* Don Waddell Rod Brind’Amour Jordan Staal
Columbus Blue Jackets Columbus, Ohio Nationwide Arena 18,144 2000 Jarmo Kekalainen Brad Larsen Boone Jenner
New Jersey Devils Newark, New Jersey Prudential Center 16,514 1974* Tom Fitzgerald Lindy Ruff Nico Hischier
New York Islanders Elmont, New York UBS Arena 17,113 1972 Lou Lamoriello Lane Lambert Anders Lee
New York Rangers New York City, New York Madison Square Garden 18,006 1926 Chris Drury Gerard Gallant Jacob Trouba
Philadelphia Flyers Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Wells Fargo Center 19,500 1967 Chuck Fletcher John Tortorella Vacant
Pittsburgh Penguins Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania PPG Paints Arena 18,387 1967 Ron Hextall Mike Sullivan Sidney Crosby
Washington Capitals Washington, D.C. Capital One Arena 18,506 1974 Brian MacLellan Peter Laviolette Alexander Ovechkin
Western Conference
Central Arizona Coyotes Tempe, Arizona Mullett Arena 5,000 1972 1979* Bill Armstrong Andre Tourigny Vacant
Chicago Blackhawks Chicago, Illinois United Center 19,717 1926 Kyle Davidson Luke Richardson Jonathan Toews
Colorado Avalanche Denver, Colorado Ball Arena 18,007 1972 1979* Chris MacFarland Jared Bednar Gabriel Landeskog
Dallas Stars Dallas, Texas American Airlines Center 18,532 1967* Jim Nill Peter DeBoer Jamie Benn
Minnesota Wild Saint Paul, Minnesota Xcel Energy Center 17,954 2000 Bill Guerin Dean Evason Jared Spurgeon
Nashville Predators Nashville, Tennessee Bridgestone Arena 17,113 1998 David Poile John Hynes Roman Josi
St. Louis Blues St. Louis, Missouri Enterprise Center 18,724 1967 Doug Armstrong Craig Berube Vacant
Winnipeg Jets Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada Life Centre 15,321 1999* Kevin Cheveldayoff Rick Bowness Vacant
Pacific Anaheim Ducks Anaheim, California Honda Center 17,174 1993 Pat Verbeek Dallas Eakins Vacant
Calgary Flames Calgary, Alberta Scotiabank Saddledome 19,289 1972* Brad Treliving Darryl Sutter Vacant
Edmonton Oilers Edmonton, Alberta Rogers Place 18,347 1972 1979 Ken Holland Jay Woodcroft Connor McDavid
Los Angeles Kings Los Angeles, California Crypto.com Arena 18,230 1967 Rob Blake Todd McLellan Anze Kopitar
San Jose Sharks San Jose, California SAP Center 17,562 1991 Mike Grier David Quinn Logan Couture
Seattle Kraken Seattle, Washington Climate Pledge Arena 17,151 2021 Ron Francis Dave Hakstol Vacant
Vancouver Canucks Vancouver, British Columbia Rogers Arena 18,910 1945 1970 Patrik Allvin Rick Tocchet Vacant
Vegas Golden Knights Paradise, Nevada T-Mobile Arena 17,356 2017 Kelly McCrimmon Bruce Cassidy Mark Stone
Notes
  1. An asterisk (*) denotes a franchise move. See the respective team articles for more information.
  2. The Edmonton Oilers, Hartford Whalers (now Carolina Hurricanes), Quebec Nordiques (now Colorado Avalanche), and original Winnipeg Jets (now Arizona Coyotes) all joined the NHL in 1979 as part of the NHL–WHA merger.

Timeline[edit]

Rule differences with international hockey[edit]

Size difference between an NHL hockey rink and a hockey rink used in IIHF-sanctioned games

The National Hockey League’s rules are one of the two standard sets of professional ice hockey rules in the world, the other being the rules of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), as used in tournaments such as the Olympics. The IIHF derived from the Canadian amateur ice hockey rules of the early 20th century,[86] while the NHL rules evolved directly from the first organized indoor ice hockey game in Montreal in 1875, updated by subsequent leagues up to 1917, when the NHL adopted the existing NHA set of rules. The NHL’s rules are the basis for rules governing most professional and major junior ice hockey leagues in North America.

The NHL hockey rink is 200 by 85 feet (60.96 m × 25.91 m),[87] approximately the same length but much narrower than IIHF standards. A trapezoidal area appears behind each goal net.[88] The goaltender can play the puck only within the trapezoid or in front of the goal line; if the goaltender plays the puck behind the goal line and outside the trapezoidal area, a two-minute minor penalty for delay of game is assessed.[89] The rule is unofficially nicknamed the «Martin Brodeur rule»; Brodeur at the time was one of the best goaltenders at getting behind the net to handle the puck.[90][91][92][93] Since the 2013–14 season, the league trimmed the goal frames by 4 inches (10 cm) on each side and reduced the size of the goalies’ leg pads.[94]

New Jersey Devils goaltender Martin Brodeur (top left) positions himself along the net during a 2008 game against the Boston Bruins. Brodeur’s exploits led the NHL in 2005 to delineate the trapezoidal area behind the net to limit where the goaltender can legally play the puck behind the goal line.

The league has regularly modified its rules to counter perceived imperfections in the game. The penalty shot was adopted from the Pacific Coast Hockey Association to ensure players were not being blocked from opportunities to score. For the 2005–06 season, the league changed some of the rules regarding being offside. First, the league removed the «offside pass» or «two-line pass» rule, which required a stoppage in play if a pass originating from inside a team’s defending zone was completed on the offensive side of the centre line, unless the puck crossed the line before the player.[95] Furthermore, the league reinstated the «tag-up offside» which allows an attacking player a chance to get back onside by returning to the neutral zone.[95] The changes to the offside rule were among several rule changes intended to increase overall scoring,[95] which had been in decline since the expansion years of the mid-nineties and the increased prevalence of the neutral zone trap. Since 2005, when a team is guilty of icing the puck they are not allowed to make a line change or skater substitution of any sort before the following face-off (except to replace an injured player or re-install a pulled goaltender).[96] Since 2013, the league has used hybrid icing, where a linesman stops play due to icing if a defending player (other than the goaltender) crosses the imaginary line that connects the two face-off dots in their defensive zone before an attacking player is able to. This was done to counter a trend of player injury in races to the puck.[96]

In the NHL, fighting leads to major penalties while IIHF rules, and most amateur rules, call for the ejection of fighting players.[97][98] Usually, a penalized team cannot replace a player that is penalized on the ice and is thus short-handed for the duration of the penalty,[99] but if the penalties are coincidental, for example when two players fight, both teams remain at full strength. Also, unlike minor penalties, major penalties must be served to their full completion, regardless of number of goals scored during the power play.[99]

The league also imposes a conduct policy on its players. Players are banned from gambling and criminal activities have led to the suspension of players. The league and the Players’ Association agreed to a stringent anti-doping policy in the 2005 collective bargaining agreement. The policy provides for a twenty-game suspension for a first positive test, a sixty-game suspension for a second positive test, and a lifetime suspension for a third positive test.[100]

At the end of regulation time, the team with the most goals wins the game. If a game is tied after regulation time, overtime ensues. During the regular season, overtime is a five-minute, three-on-three sudden-death period, in which whoever scores a goal first wins the game. If the game is still tied at the end of overtime, the game enters a shootout. Three players for each team in turn take a penalty shot. The team with the most goals during the three-round shootout wins the game. If the game is still tied after the three shootout rounds, the shootout continues but becomes sudden-death. Whichever team ultimately wins the shootout is awarded a goal in the game score and thus awarded two points in the standings. The losing team in overtime or shootout is awarded one point.[101] Shootout goals and saves are not tracked in hockey statistics; shootout statistics are tracked separately.

There are no shootouts during the playoffs. Instead, multiple sudden-death, 20-minute five-on-five periods are played until one team scores. Two games have reached six overtime periods, but none have gone beyond six.[102] During playoff overtime periods, the only break is to clean the loose ice at the first stoppage after the period is halfway finished.[103]

Season structure[edit]

The National Hockey League season is divided into a preseason (September and early October), a regular season (from early October through early to mid-April) and a postseason (the Stanley Cup playoffs).

Teams usually hold a summer showcase for prospects in July and participate in prospect tournaments, full games that do not feature any veterans, in September. Full training camps begin in mid-to-late September, including a preseason consisting of six to eight exhibition games. Split squad games, in which parts of a team’s regular season roster play separate games on the same day, are occasionally played during the preseason.

During the regular season, clubs play each other in a predefined schedule. Since 2021, in the regular season, all teams play 82 games: 41 games each of home and road, playing 26 games in their own geographic division—four against five of their seven other divisional opponents, plus three against two others; 24 games against the eight remaining non-divisional intra-conference opponents—three games against every team in the other division of its conference; and 32 against every team in the other conference twice—home and road.[104]

The league’s regular season standings are based on a point system. Two points are awarded for a win, one point for losing in overtime or a shootout, and zero points for a loss in regulation. At the end of the regular season, the team that finishes with the most points in each division is crowned the division champion, and the league’s overall leader is awarded the Presidents’ Trophy.

The Stanley Cup playoffs, which go from April to the beginning of June, are an elimination tournament where two teams play against each other to win a best-of-seven series in order to advance to the next round. The final remaining team is crowned the Stanley Cup champion. Eight teams from each conference qualify for the playoffs: the top three teams in each division plus the two conference teams with the next highest number of points.[105] The two conference champions proceed to the Stanley Cup Finals. In all rounds, the higher-ranked team is awarded home-ice advantage, with four of the seven games played at this team’s home venue. In the Stanley Cup Finals, the team with the most points during the regular season has home-ice advantage.

Entry Draft[edit]

The annual NHL Entry Draft consists of a seven-round off-season draft held in late June. Early NHL drafts took place at the Queen Elizabeth (currently Fairmont) Hotel in Montreal. Amateur players from junior, collegiate, or European leagues are eligible to enter the Entry Draft. The selection order is determined by a combination of the standings at the end of the regular season, playoff results, and a draft lottery. The 16 teams that did not qualify for the playoffs are entered in a weighted lottery to determine the initial draft picks in the first round, with the last place team having the best chance of winning the lottery. Once the lottery determines the initial draft picks, the order for the remaining non-playoff teams is determined by the standings at the end of the regular season. For those teams that did qualify for the playoffs, the draft order is then determined by total regular season points for non-division winners that are eliminated in the first two rounds of the playoffs, then any division winners that failed to reach the Conference Finals. Conference finalists receive the 29th and 30th picks depending on total points, with the Stanley Cup runner-up given the 31st pick and the Stanley Cup champions the final pick.

Trophies and awards[edit]

Teams[edit]

Stanley Cup championships
Defunct teams not included.

Team Titles
Montreal Canadiens 24*
Toronto Maple Leafs 13
Detroit Red Wings 11
Boston Bruins 6
Chicago Blackhawks 6
Edmonton Oilers 5
Pittsburgh Penguins 5
New York Islanders 4
New York Rangers 4
Colorado Avalanche 3
New Jersey Devils 3
Tampa Bay Lightning 3
Los Angeles Kings 2
Philadelphia Flyers 2
Anaheim Ducks 1
Calgary Flames 1
Carolina Hurricanes 1
Dallas Stars 1
St. Louis Blues 1
Washington Capitals 1
* Includes one pre-NHL championship.

Further information:
List of Stanley Cup champions

The Stanley Cup, shown here on display at the Hockey Hall of Fame, is awarded annually to the league champion.

The most prestigious team award is the Stanley Cup, which is awarded to the league champion at the end of the Stanley Cup playoffs. The team that has the most points in the regular season is awarded the Presidents’ Trophy.

The Montreal Canadiens are the most successful franchise in the league. Since the formation of the league in 1917, they have 25 NHL championships (three between 1917 and 1925 when the Stanley Cup was still contested in an interleague competition, twenty-two since 1926 after the Stanley Cup became the NHL’s championship trophy). They also lead all teams with 24 Stanley Cup championships (one as an NHA team, twenty-three as an NHL team). Of the four major professional sports leagues in North America, the Montreal Canadiens are surpassed in the number of championships only by the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball, who have three more.

The longest streak of winning the Stanley Cup in consecutive years is five, held by the Montreal Canadiens from 1955–56 to 1959–60.[106] The 1977 edition of the Montreal Canadiens, the second of four straight Stanley Cup champions, was named by ESPN as the second greatest sports team of all time.[107]

The next most successful NHL franchise is the Toronto Maple Leafs with 13 Stanley Cup championships, most recently in 1967. The Detroit Red Wings, with 11 Stanley Cup championships, are the most successful American franchise.

The same trophy is reused every year for each of its awards. The Stanley Cup, much like its Canadian Football League counterpart, is unique in this aspect, as opposed to the Vince Lombardi Trophy, Larry O’Brien Trophy, and Commissioner’s Trophy, which have new ones made every year for that year’s champion. Despite only one trophy being used, the names of the teams winning and the players are engraved every year on the Stanley Cup. The same can also be said for the other trophies reissued every year.

Players[edit]

There are numerous trophies that are awarded to players based on their statistics during the regular season; they include, among others, the Art Ross Trophy for the league scoring champion (goals and assists), the Maurice «Rocket» Richard Trophy for the goal-scoring leader, and the William M. Jennings Trophy for the goaltender(s) for the team with the fewest goals against them.

The other player trophies are voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers’ Association or the team general managers.[108] These individual awards are presented at a formal ceremony held in late June after the playoffs have concluded. The most prestigious individual award is the Hart Memorial Trophy which is awarded annually to the Most Valuable Player; the voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association to judge the player who is the most valuable to his team during the regular season. The Vezina Trophy is awarded annually to the person deemed the best goaltender as voted on by the general managers of the teams in the NHL. The James Norris Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League’s top defenceman, the Calder Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the top rookie, and the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy is awarded to the player deemed to combine the highest degree of skill and sportsmanship; all three of these awards are voted on by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association.

In addition to the regular season awards, the Conn Smythe Trophy is awarded annually to the most valuable player during the NHL’s Stanley Cup playoffs. Furthermore, the top coach in the league wins the Jack Adams Award as selected by a poll of the National Hockey League Broadcasters Association. The National Hockey League publishes the names of the top three vote getters for all awards, and then names the award winner during the NHL Awards Ceremony.[108]

Players, coaches, officials, and team builders who have had notable careers are eligible to be voted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Players cannot enter until three years have passed since their last professional game, currently tied with the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame[109] for the shortest such time period of any major sport. One unique consequence has been Hall of Fame members (specifically, Gordie Howe, Guy Lafleur, and Mario Lemieux) coming out of retirement to play once more.[110] If a player was deemed significant enough, the three-year wait would be waived; only ten individuals have been honoured in this manner.[111] In 1999, Wayne Gretzky joined the Hall and became the last player to have the three-year restriction waived.[111] After his induction, the Hall of Fame announced that Gretzky would be the last to have the waiting period waived.

Origin of players[edit]

In addition to Canadian and American-born and trained players, who have historically composed a large majority of NHL rosters, the NHL also draws players from an expanding pool of other nations where organized and professional hockey is played. Since the collapse of the Soviet Bloc, political/ideological restrictions on the movement of hockey players from this region have disappeared, leading to a large influx of players mostly from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Russia into the NHL. Swedes, Finns, and other Western Europeans, who were always free to move to North America, came to the league in greater numbers than before.

Many of the league’s top players in recent years have come from these European countries including Daniel Alfredsson, Erik Karlsson, Henrik Sedin, Daniel Sedin, Henrik Lundqvist, Jaromir Jagr, Patrik Elias, Zdeno Chara, Pavel Datsyuk, Evgeni Malkin, Nicklas Lidstrom and Alexander Ovechkin.[112] European players were drafted and signed by NHL teams in an effort to bring in more «skilled offensive players»,[113] although as of 2008 there has been a decline in European players as more American players enter the league.[114] The addition of European players changed the style of play in the NHL and European style hockey has been integrated into the NHL game.[112]

As of the 2017–18 season, the NHL has players from 17 countries, with 46.0% coming from Canada and 26.0% from the United States, while players from a further 15 countries make up 26.4% of NHL rosters.[115][116] The following table shows the seven countries that make up the vast majority of NHL players. The table follows the Hockey Hall of Fame convention of classifying players by the currently existing countries in which their birthplaces are located, without regard to their citizenship or where they were trained.

Country Players
[117]
(1988–89) 		% Players
[118][119]
(2002–03) 		% Players
[120][121]
(2006–07) 		% Players
[122][123]
(2010–11) 		% Players
[115]
(2017–18) 		%
 Canada 551 75.4 488 49.8 495 52.7 521 53.3 446 45.3
 United States 112 15.3 140 14.3 182 19.3 234 23.9 269 27.3
 Sweden 23 3.1 58 5.9 49 5.2 63 6.4 98 9.9
 Finland 18 2.5 38 3.9 42 4.5 30 3.1 42 4.3
 Czech Republic 11 1.5 73 7.4 65 6.9 42 4.3 37 3.8
 Russia 1 0.1 57 5.8 35 3.7 32 3.3 39 4.0
 Slovakia 6 0.8 36 3.7 26 2.8 14 1.4 13 1.3
Total 731 100.0 980 100.0 942 100.0 978 100.0 985 100.0

[edit]

Logos of corporate sponsors are visible on the boards and ice in an NHL hockey rink.

The NHL lists its several official corporate partners into three categories: North American Partners, USA Partners, and Canada Partners.[124] Discover Card is the league’s official credit card in the US, while competitor Visa is an official sponsor in Canada.[125] Likewise, Tim Hortons is the league’s official coffee and doughnuts chain in Canada, while Dunkin’ Donuts is the NHL’s sponsor in the US.[126]

Among its North American corporate sponsors, Kraft Heinz sponsors Kraft Hockeyville, an annual competition in which communities compete to demonstrate their commitment to the sport of ice hockey. The winning community gets a cash prize dedicated to upgrading their local home arena, as well as the opportunity to host an NHL pre-season game. Two contests are held, one for communities across Canada and a separate competition for communities in the US.

At least two of the North American corporate sponsors have ties to NHL franchise owners: the Molson family, founders of Molson Brewery, has owned the Montreal Canadiens for years, while SAP was co-founded by Hasso Plattner, the current majority owner of the San Jose Sharks.

Many of these same corporate partners become the title sponsors for the league’s All-Star and outdoor games.

Beginning in the 2020–21 NHL season, the league allowed for advertising on its gameday uniforms for the first time, starting with helmet ads. The NHL will have advertising on the front of team jerseys for the first time starting in the 2022–23 season.[127]

On May 14, 2021, NHL and the sports betting company Betway announced a multi-year partnership in which Betway became the official sports betting partner to the NHL in North America.[128]

Media coverage[edit]

Members of the media interviewing players on ice after a game in 2009

Canada[edit]

Broadcasting rights in Canada have historically included the CBC’s Hockey Night in Canada (HNIC), a Canadian tradition dating to 1952,[129][130] and even prior to that on radio since the 1920s.

The current national television and digital rightsholder is Rogers Communications, under a 12-year deal valued at C$5.2 billion which began in the 2014–15 season, as the national broadcast and cable television rightsholders. National English-language coverage of the NHL is carried primarily by Rogers’ Sportsnet group of specialty channels; Sportsnet holds national windows on Wednesday and Sunday nights. Hockey Night in Canada was maintained and expanded under the deal, airing up to seven games nationally on Saturday nights throughout the regular season. CBC maintains Rogers-produced NHL coverage during the regular season and playoffs.[131] Sportsnet’s networks also air occasional games involving all-U.S. matchups.[132][133][134][135][136][137]

Quebecor Media holds national French-language rights to the NHL, with all coverage airing on its specialty channel TVA Sports.[138][139]

Games that are not broadcast as part of the national rights deal are broadcast by Sportsnet’s regional feeds, TSN’s regional feeds, and RDS. Regional games are subject to blackout for viewers outside of each team’s designated market.[140]

United States[edit]

Historically, the NHL has never fared well on American television in comparison to the other American professional leagues. The league’s American broadcast partners had been in flux for decades prior to 1995. Hockey broadcasting on a national scale was particularly spotty prior to 1981; NBC, CBS, and ABC held rights at various times during that period but with limited schedules during the second half of the regular season and the playoffs, along with some (but not all) of the Stanley Cup Finals. The NHL primarily was then only available on cable television after 1981, airing on the USA Network, SportsChannel America, and ESPN at various times. Since 1995, national coverage has been split between broadcast and cable, first with Fox and ESPN from 1995 to 1999, then followed by ABC and ESPN from 1999 to 2004. The U.S. national rights were then held by NBC and OLN (later renamed Versus, then NBCSN) between the 2004–05 NHL lockout and 2021.

The 2021–22 season marks the first year of seven-year agreements with ESPN and Turner Sports.[141] ESPN’s deal includes 25 regular season games on ABC or ESPN, and 75 exclusive games streamed on ESPN+ and Hulu.[142] Turner Sports’ coverage includes up to 72 regular season games on TNT or TBS.[143] The playoffs will be split between ESPN and Turner, with ABC televising the Stanley Cup Finals during even years and TNT televising the championship series during odd years.[141]

As in Canada, games not broadcast nationally are aired regionally within a team’s home market and are subject to blackout outside of them. These broadcasters include regional sports network chains. Certain national telecasts are non-exclusive, and may also air in tandem with telecasts of the game by local broadcasters. However, national telecasts of these games are blacked out in the participating teams’ markets to protect the local broadcaster.

NHL Network[edit]

The league co-owns the NHL Network, a television specialty channel devoted to the NHL. Its signature show is NHL Tonight. The NHL Network also airs live games, but primarily simulcasts of one of the team’s regional broadcasters.

Out-of-market packages[edit]

NHL Centre Ice in Canada[144] and NHL Center Ice in the United States[145] are the league’s subscription-based, out-of-market sports packages that offer access to out-of-market feeds of games through a cable or satellite television provider.

The league originally launched NHL GameCenter Live in 2008, allowing the streaming of out-of-market games over the internet.[146] MLB Advanced Media then took over of its day-to-day operations in 2016, renaming it NHL.tv.[147] Under its contract, Rogers Communications distributes the service in Canada as NHL Live;[148] it will be incorporated into Sportsnet Now Premium for the 2022–23 season.[149] Under ESPN’s contract, the league’s out-of-market streaming package was incorporated into ESPN+ for those viewers in the United States in 2021.[142]

International[edit]

Outside of Canada and the United States, NHL games are broadcast across Europe, in the Middle East, in Australia,[150] and in the Americas across Mexico, Central America, Dominican Republic, Caribbean, South America and Brazil, among others.[151]

NHL.tv is also available for people in most countries to watch games online, but blackout restrictions may still apply if a game is being televised in the user’s country. For those in selected international markets where ESPN also holds the streaming rights, they must instead access games on the ESPN platform used in that particular country: ESPNPlayer, ESPN Play, the ESPN App, or Star+. And those in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Norway, and Sweden must use Viaplay.[152]

International competitions[edit]

The National Hockey League has occasionally participated in international club competitions. Most of these competitions were arranged by the NHL or NHLPA. The first international club competition was held in 1976, with eight NHL teams playing against the Soviet Championship League’s HC CSKA Moscow, and Krylya Sovetov Moscow. Between 1976 and 1991, the NHL, and the Soviet Championship League would hold several exhibition games between the two leagues known as the Super Series.[153] No NHL club had played a Soviet or Russian-based club from the end of the Super Series in 1991 to 2008 when the New York Rangers faced Metallurg Magnitogorsk in the 2008 Victoria Cup.[154]

In addition to the Russian clubs, NHL clubs had participated in several international club exhibitions and competitions with various European-based clubs. The first exhibition game to feature an NHL team against a European-based team (aside from clubs based in the former Soviet Union) was in December 1977, when the New York Rangers faced Poldi Kladno of the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League. In the 2000s the NHL organized four NHL Challenge series between NHL and European clubs.[155] The NHL continued to organize exhibition games between NHL and European teams before the beginning of the NHL season; those games were known as the NHL Premiere from 2007 to 2011 and as the NHL Global Series since 2017.[156] The last NHL exhibition game involving a European club occurred during the 2022 NHL Global Series.[157] NHL clubs have also participated in IIHF-organized club tournaments. The most recent IIHF-organized event including an NHL club was the 2009 Victoria Cup, between the Swiss National League A’s ZSC Lions, and the Chicago Blackhawks.

NHL players also participate in international competitions featuring national teams. The annual Ice Hockey World Championships is held every May, at the same time as the Stanley Cup playoffs. Because of its timing, NHL players generally only join their respective country’s team in the World Championships if their respective NHL team has been eliminated from Stanley Cup contention.[158] From 1998 to 2014, during the year of the quadrennial Winter Olympics, the NHL suspended its all-star game and expanded the traditional all-star break to allow NHL players to participate in the Olympic ice hockey tournament. In 2018, an Olympic break was not scheduled by the NHL, resulting in their players not participating in that year’s Olympic tournament.[159] An Olympic break was also not scheduled in 2022, with the NHL opting to not permit its players to participate due to a shortened NHL season that year, and concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic.[160] The NHL and the NHLPA also organize the World Cup of Hockey. Unlike the Ice Hockey World Championships and the Olympic tournament, the World Cup of Hockey is played under NHL rules and not those of the IIHF.[161]

In 2007, the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) formalized the «Triple Gold Club», the group of players and coaches who have won an Olympic gold medal, a World Championship gold medal, and the Stanley Cup.[162][163][164] The term had first entered popular use following the 2002 Winter Olympics, which saw the addition of the first Canadian members.[165][166][167]

Popularity[edit]

The NHL is considered one of the four major professional sports leagues in North America, along with Major League Baseball, the National Football League, and the National Basketball Association. The league is very prominent in Canada, where it is the most popular of these four leagues.[168] Overall, hockey has the smallest total fan base of the four leagues, the smallest revenue from television, and the least sponsorship.[169]

The NHL holds one of the most affluent fan bases.[169] Studies by the Sports Marketing Group conducted from 1998 to 2004 show that the NHL’s fan base is much more affluent than that of the PGA Tour.[170][failed verification] A study done by the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 2004, found that NHL fans in America were the most educated and affluent of the four major leagues. Further it noted that season-ticket sales were more prominent in the NHL than the other three because of the financial ability of the NHL fan to purchase them.[169] According to Reuters in 2010, the largest demographic of NHL fans was males aged 18–34.[171]
The NHL estimates that half of its fan base roots for teams in outside markets. Beginning in 2008, the NHL began a shift toward using digital technology to market to fans to capitalize on this.

The debut of the Winter Classic, an outdoor regular season NHL game held on New Year’s Day 2008, was a major success for the league. The game has since become an annual staple of the NHL schedule. This, along with the transition to a national «Game of the Week» and an annual «Hockey Day in America» regional coverage, all televised on NBC, has helped increase the NHL’s regular season television viewership in the United States.[citation needed] These improvements led NBC and the cable channel Versus to sign a ten-year broadcast deal, paying US$200 million per year for both American cable and broadcast rights; the deal will lead to further increases in television coverage on the NBC channels.

This television contract has boosted viewership metrics for the NHL. The 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs saw the largest audience in the history of the sport «after a regular season that saw record-breaking business success, propelled in large part by the NHL’s strategy of engaging fans through big events and robust digital offerings.»[172] This success has resulted in a 66 percent rise in NHL advertising and sponsorship revenue. Merchandise sales were up 22 percent and the number of unique visitors on the NHL.com website was up 17 percent during the playoffs after rising 29 percent in the regular season.[173]

See also[edit]

  • List of NHL records (individual)
  • List of NHL records (team)
  • List of professional sports teams in the United States and Canada
  • List of American and Canadian cities by number of major professional sports franchises
  • List of TV markets and major sports teams
  • List of National Hockey League attendance figures
  • List of National Hockey League arenas
  • NHL All-Rookie team
  • NHL All-Star team

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ While the Montreal Canadiens have won 24 Stanley Cups, this does not equal their number of NHL championships, as the Stanley Cup predates the NHL and was an inter-league championship prior to 1926. The Canadiens won a Stanley Cup championship in 1916 as a member of the National Hockey Association, and 23 Cups as a member of the NHL. Montreal also won the NHL championship twice without winning the Stanley Cup: in 1918–19 when the Spanish flu cancelled the Stanley Cup Finals against the Seattle Metropolitans of Pacific Coast Hockey Association and in 1924–25 when they lost in the Stanley Cup finals to the Western Canada Hockey League’s Victoria Cougars.

References[edit]

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Further reading[edit]

  • Bass, Alan (2011). The Great Expansion: The Ultimate Risk That Changed the NHL Forever. Iuniverse Inc. ISBN 978-1-4502-8605-3.
  • Fischler, Stan & Shirley (2003). Who’s Who in Hockey. Andrews McMeel Pub. ISBN 0-7407-1904-1.
  • Holzman, Morey; Nieforth, Joseph (2002). Deceptions and doublecross : how the NHL conquered hockey. Dundurn Press. ISBN 1-55002-413-2.
  • Ross, J. Andrew (2015). Joining the Clubs: The Business of the National Hockey League to 1945. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-3383-9.
  • Weekes, Don (2005). The Big Book of Hockey Trivia. Greystone Books. ISBN 1-55365-119-7.
  • Wright, Marshall D (2010). The National Hockey League, 1917–1967: A Year-by-Year Statistical History. McFarland & Co. ISBN 978-0-7864-4444-1.

External links[edit]

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • NHL Player’s Association (NHLPA)
  • NHL Officials Association website
Источник
National Hockey League
Ligue nationale de hockey (French)

Current season, competition or edition:
Current sports event 2022–23 NHL season
05 NHL Shield.svg
Sport Ice hockey
Founded November 26, 1917 (105 years ago),
Montreal, Quebec, Canada[1]
Inaugural season 1917–18
Commissioner Gary Bettman
No. of teams 32
Countries Canada (7 teams)
United States (25 teams)
Headquarters 1185 6th Avenue
New York City
Most recent
champion(s)		 Colorado Avalanche
(3rd title)
Most titles Montreal Canadiens
(25 titles)[nb 1]
TV partner(s)
  • Canada:
  • Sportsnet/CBC/TVA Sports[2]
  • United States:
  • ABC/ESPN/ESPN+/Hulu[3]
  • TNT/TBS/HBO Max[4]
  • NHL Network
  • International:
  • See list
Official website NHL.com

The National Hockey League (NHL; French: Ligue nationale de hockey—LNH, French pronunciation: [liɡ nasjɔnal də ɔkɛ]) is a professional ice hockey league in North America comprising 32 teams—25 in the United States and 7 in Canada. It is considered to be the top ranked professional ice hockey league in the world,[5] and is one of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America,[6] is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The NHL is the fifth-wealthiest professional sport league in the world by revenue, after the National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the English Premier League (EPL).[7]

The National Hockey League was organized at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal on November 26, 1917, after the suspension of operations of its predecessor organization, the National Hockey Association (NHA), which had been founded in 1909 in Renfrew, Ontario.[8] The NHL immediately took the NHA’s place as one of the leagues that contested for the Stanley Cup in an annual interleague competition before a series of league mergers and foldings left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Stanley Cup in 1926.

At its inception, the NHL had four teams, all in Canada, thus the adjective «National» in the league’s name. The league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of both American and Canadian teams. From 1942 to 1967, the league had only six teams, collectively (if not contemporaneously) nicknamed the «Original Six». The NHL added six new teams to double its size at the 1967 NHL expansion. The league then increased to 18 teams by 1974 and 21 teams in 1979. Between 1991 and 2000 the NHL further expanded to 30 teams. It added its 31st and 32nd teams in 2017 and 2021, respectively.

The league’s headquarters have been in Midtown Manhattan since 1989, when the head office moved from Montreal.[9] There have been four league-wide work stoppages in NHL history, all occurring after 1992.[10] The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) considers the Stanley Cup to be one of the «most important championships available to the sport».[11] The NHL draws many highly skilled players from all over the world and currently has players from approximately 20 countries.[12] Canadians have historically constituted the majority of the players in the league, with an increasing percentage of American and European players in recent seasons.

The Montreal Canadiens have the most NHL titles with 24 (including 23 Stanley Cup championships since entering the league). Entering the 2022–23 season, the Colorado Avalanche, who defeated the Tampa Bay Lightning 4–2 in the 2022 Stanley Cup Finals, are the reigning league champions.

History[edit]

Early years[edit]

The National Hockey League was established in 1917 as the successor to the National Hockey Association (NHA). Founded in 1909, the NHA began play in 1910 with seven teams in Ontario and Quebec, and was one of the first major leagues in professional ice hockey. However, by its eighth season, a series of disputes with Toronto Blueshirts owner Eddie Livingstone led team owners of the Montreal Canadiens, the Montreal Wanderers, the Ottawa Senators, and the Quebec Bulldogs to hold a meeting to discuss the league’s future.[13] Realizing the NHA constitution left them unable to force Livingstone out, the four teams voted instead to suspend the NHA, and on November 26, 1917, formed the National Hockey League. Frank Calder was chosen as the NHL’s first president, serving until his death in 1943.[14]

The Bulldogs were unable to play in the NHL, and the remaining owners founded the Toronto Arenas to compete with the Canadiens, Wanderers and Senators.[15] The first games were played on December 19, 1917.[16] The Montreal Arena burned down in January 1918, causing the Wanderers to cease operations,[17] and the NHL continued on as a three-team league until the Bulldogs returned in 1919.[18]

The Stanley Cup in 1930, several years after it became the de facto championship trophy for the NHL

The NHL replaced the NHA as one of the leagues that competed for the Stanley Cup, an interleague competition at the time. Toronto won the first NHL title, and then defeated the Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) for the 1918 Stanley Cup.[19] The Canadiens won the league title in 1919, but the series in the Stanley Cup Finals against the PCHA’s Seattle Metropolitans was abandoned due to the Spanish Flu epidemic.[20] In 1924, Montreal won their first Stanley Cup as a member of the NHL.[21] The Hamilton Tigers won the regular season title in 1924–25, but refused to play in the championship series unless they were given a C$200 bonus.[22] The league refused and declared the Canadiens the league champion after they defeated the Toronto St. Patricks (formerly the Arenas) in the semi-final. Montreal was then defeated by the Victoria Cougars of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL) in 1925. It was the last time a non-NHL team won the trophy,[23] as the Stanley Cup became the de facto NHL championship in 1926, after the WCHL ceased operation.[24]

The National Hockey League embarked on a rapid expansion in the 1920s, adding the Montreal Maroons and the Boston Bruins in 1924, the latter being the first American team to join the league.[25] The New York Americans began play in 1925 after purchasing the assets of the Hamilton Tigers, and were joined by the Pittsburgh Pirates.[26] The New York Rangers were added in 1926,[27] and the Chicago Black Hawks and Detroit Cougars (later the Red Wings) were added after the league purchased the assets of the defunct WCHL.[28] A group purchased the Toronto St. Patricks in 1927 and immediately renamed them the Toronto Maple Leafs.[29]

Original Six era[edit]

In 1934, the first NHL All-Star Game was held to benefit Ace Bailey, whose career ended on a vicious hit by Eddie Shore.[30] The second was held in 1937 in support of Howie Morenz’s family when he died of a coronary embolism after breaking his leg during a game.[31]

The Great Depression and the onset of World War II took a toll on the league. The Pirates became the Philadelphia Quakers in 1930, then folded a year later. The Senators likewise became the St. Louis Eagles in 1934, also lasting only a year.[32] The Maroons did not survive, as they suspended operations in 1938.[33] The Americans were suspended in 1942 due to a lack of available players, and were never reactivated.[34]

Five men playing hockey in a crowded arena.

For the 1942–43 season, the NHL was reduced to six teams: the Boston Bruins, the Chicago Black Hawks, the Detroit Red Wings, the Montreal Canadiens, the New York Rangers, and the Toronto Maple Leafs, a line-up, often referred to as the «Original Six», which would remain constant for the next 25 years. In 1947, the league reached an agreement with the Stanley Cup trustees to take full control of the trophy, allowing it to reject challenges from other leagues that wished to play for the Cup.[35]

In 1945, Maurice «Rocket» Richard became the first player to score 50 goals, doing so in a 50-game season.[36] Richard later led the Canadiens to five consecutive titles between 1956 and 1960, a record no team has matched.[37]

On March 13, 1948, Asian Canadian Larry Kwong became the first non-white player in the NHL and broke the league’s colour barrier by playing for the New York Rangers.[38][39] On January 18, 1958, Willie O’Ree became the first Black player in the league’s history when he made his debut with the Boston Bruins.[40]

Expansion era[edit]

By the mid-1960s, the desire for a network television contract in the United States, coupled with concerns that the Western Hockey League was planning to declare itself a major league and challenge for the Stanley Cup, spurred the NHL to undertake its first expansion since the 1920s. The league doubled in size to 12 teams for the 1967–68 season, adding the Los Angeles Kings, the Minnesota North Stars, the Philadelphia Flyers, the Pittsburgh Penguins, the California Seals, and the St. Louis Blues.[41] However, Canadian fans were outraged that all six teams were placed in the United States,[42] so the league responded by adding the Vancouver Canucks in 1970, along with the Buffalo Sabres, both located on the Canada–United States border.[43] Two years later, the emergence of the newly founded World Hockey Association (WHA) led the league to add the New York Islanders and the Atlanta Flames to keep the rival league out of those markets.[44] In 1974, the Washington Capitals and the Kansas City Scouts were added, bringing the league up to 18 teams.[45]

NHL logo used from 1946 until 2005

The NHL fought the WHA for players, losing 67 to the new league in its first season of 1972–73,[46] including the Chicago Black Hawks’ Bobby Hull, who signed a ten-year, $2.5 million contract with the Winnipeg Jets, then the largest in hockey history.[47] The league attempted to block the defections in court, but a counter-suit by the WHA led to a Philadelphia judge ruling the NHL’s reserve clause to be illegal, thus eliminating the elder league’s monopoly over the players.[48] Seven years of battling for players and markets financially damaged both leagues, leading to a merger agreement in 1979 that saw the WHA cease operations while the NHL absorbed the Winnipeg Jets, the Edmonton Oilers, the Hartford Whalers, and the Quebec Nordiques.[49] The owners initially rejected this merger agreement by one vote, but a massive boycott of Molson Brewery products by Canadian fans resulted in the Montreal Canadiens, which was owned by Molson, reversing its position, along with the Vancouver Canucks. In a second vote, the plan was approved.[50]

Wayne Gretzky played one season in the WHA for the Indianapolis Racers (eight games) and the Edmonton Oilers (72 games) before the Oilers joined the NHL for the 1979–80 season.[51] Gretzky went on to lead the Oilers to win four Stanley Cup championships in 1984, 1985, 1987, and 1988, and set single season records for goals (92 in 1981–82), assists (163 in 1985–86) and points (215 in 1985–86), as well as career records for goals (894), assists (1,963) and points (2,857).[51] In 1988, he was traded to the Los Angeles Kings in a deal that dramatically improved the league’s popularity in the United States. By the turn of the century, nine more teams were added to the NHL: the San Jose Sharks, the Tampa Bay Lightning, the Ottawa Senators, the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, the Florida Panthers, the Nashville Predators, the Atlanta Thrashers (now the Winnipeg Jets), and in 2000, the Minnesota Wild and the Columbus Blue Jackets.[52] On July 21, 2015, the NHL confirmed that it had received applications from prospective ownership groups in Quebec City and Las Vegas for possible expansion teams,[53] and on June 22, 2016, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman announced the addition of a 31st franchise, based in Las Vegas and later named the Vegas Golden Knights, into the NHL for the 2017–18 season.[54] On December 4, 2018, the league announced a 32nd franchise in Seattle, later named the Seattle Kraken who joined in the 2021–22 season.[55]

Labour issues[edit]

There have been four league-wide work stoppages in NHL history, all occurring after 1992. The first was a strike by the National Hockey League Players’ Association in April 1992, which lasted for ten days but was settled quickly with all affected games rescheduled.[56]

A lockout at the start of the 1994–95 season forced the league to reduce the schedule from 84 games to 48, with the teams playing only intra-conference games during the reduced season.[56] The resulting collective bargaining agreement (CBA) was set for renegotiation in 1998, and extended to September 15, 2004.[57]

With no new agreement in hand when the contract expired, league commissioner Gary Bettman announced a lockout of the players union and closed the league’s head office for the 2004–05 season.[57] The league vowed to install what it dubbed «cost certainty» for its teams, but the Players’ Association countered that the move was little more than a euphemism for a salary cap, which the union initially said it would not accept. The lockout shut down the league for 310 days, making it the longest in sports history, as the NHL became the first professional sports league to lose an entire season.[57] A new collective bargaining agreement was eventually ratified in July 2005, including a salary cap. The agreement had a term of six years with an option of extending the collective bargaining agreement for an additional year at the end of the term, allowing the league to resume as of the 2005–06 season.[57]

On October 5, 2005, the first post-lockout season took to the ice with all 30 teams. The NHL received record attendance in the 2005–06 season, with an average of 16,955 per game.[58] However, its television audience was slower to rebound due to American cable broadcaster ESPN’s decision to drop its NHL coverage.[59] The league’s post-lockout agreement with NBC gave the league a share of revenue from each game’s advertising sales, rather than the usual lump sum paid up front for game rights. The league’s annual revenues were estimated at $2.27 billion.[59]

On September 16, 2012, the labour pact expired, and the league again locked out the players.[60] The owners proposed reducing the players’ share of hockey-related revenues from 57 percent to 47 percent.[61] All games were cancelled up to January 14, 2013, along with the 2013 NHL Winter Classic and the 2013 NHL All-Star Weekend.[62][63][64][65] On January 6, a tentative agreement was reached on a ten-year deal.[66] On January 12, the league and the Players’ Association signed a memorandum of understanding on the new deal, allowing teams to begin their training camps the next day, with a shortened 48-game season schedule that began on January 19.[67]

Player safety issues[edit]

Player safety has become a major issue in the NHL, with concussions resulting from a hard hit to the head being the primary concern. Recent studies have shown how the consequences of concussions can last beyond player retirement.[68] This has significant effects on the league, as elite players have suffered from the aftereffects of concussions (such as Sidney Crosby being sidelined for approximately ten and a half months), which adversely affects the league’s marketability.[69] In December 2009, Brendan Shanahan was hired to replace Colin Campbell, and was given the role of senior vice-president of player safety. Shanahan began to hand out suspensions on high-profile perpetrators responsible for dangerous hits, such as Raffi Torres receiving 25 games for his hit on Marian Hossa.[70]

To aid with removing high-speed collisions on icing, which had led to several potential career-ending injuries such as Hurricanes’ defenceman Joni Pitkanen, the league mandated hybrid no-touch icing for the 2013–14 NHL season.[71]

On November 25, 2013, ten former NHL players (Gary Leeman, Rick Vaive, Brad Aitken, Darren Banks, Curt Bennett, Richie Dunn, Warren Holmes, Bob Manno, Blair Stewart, and Morris Titanic) sued the league for negligence in protecting players from concussions. The suit came three months after the National Football League agreed to pay former players US$765 million due to a player safety lawsuit.[72]

Women in the NHL[edit]

From 1952 to 1955, Marguerite Norris served as president of the Detroit Red Wings, being the first female NHL executive and the first woman to have her name engraved on the Stanley Cup. In 1992, Manon Rhéaume became the first woman to play a game in any of the major professional North American sports leagues, as a goaltender for the Tampa Bay Lightning in a pre-season game against the St. Louis Blues, stopping seven of nine shots.[73][74] In 2016, Dawn Braid was hired as the Arizona Coyotes’ skating coach, making her the first female full-time coach in the NHL.[75] The first female referees in the NHL were hired in a test-run during the league’s preseason prospect tournaments in September 2019.[76]

In 2016, the NHL hosted the 2016 Outdoor Women’s Classic, an exhibition game between the Boston Pride of the National Women’s Hockey League and the Les Canadiennes of the Canadian Women’s Hockey League, as part of the 2016 NHL Winter Classic weekend festivities.[77] In 2019, the NHL invited four women from the US and Canadian Olympic teams to demonstrate the events in All-Star skills competition before the All-Star Game. Due to Nathan MacKinnon choosing not to participate following a bruised ankle, Team USA’s Kendall Coyne Schofield competed in the Fastest Skater competition in his place becoming the first woman to officially compete in the NHL’s All-Star festivities.[78] The attention led the NHL to include a 3-on-3 women’s game before the 2020 All-Star Game.[79] Rheaume returned to perform as a goaltender for the 2022 NHL All-Star Game’s Breakaway Challenge.[80]

Organizational structure[edit]

Board of Governors[edit]

The Board of Governors is the ruling and governing body of the National Hockey League. In this context, each team is a member of the league, and each member appoints a Governor (usually the owner of the club), and two alternates to the Board. The current chairman of the Board is Boston Bruins owner Jeremy Jacobs. The Board of Governors exists to establish the policies of the league and to uphold its constitution. Some of the responsibilities of the Board of Governors include:[81]

  • review and approve any changes to the league’s rules.
  • hiring and firing of the commissioner.
  • review and approve the purchase, sale, or relocation of any member club.
  • review and approve the Salary caps for member clubs.
  • review and approve any changes to the structure of the game schedule.

The Board of Governors meets twice per year, in the months of June and December, with the exact date and place to be fixed by the Commissioner.

Executives[edit]

The chief executive of the league is Commissioner Gary Bettman. Some of the principal decision-makers who serve under the authority of the commissioner include:

  • Deputy Commissioner & Chief Legal Officer: Bill Daly
  • Executive VP & CFO: Craig Harnett
  • Chief Operating Officer: Steve McArdle
  • Executive VP & Director of Hockey Operations: Colin Campbell
  • NHL Enterprises: Ed Horne
  • Senior Vice-President of Player Safety: George Parros[82]

Teams[edit]

From the 2017–18 season to the 2019–20 season, the NHL consisted of 31 teams—24 based in the United States and seven in Canada. The NHL divided the 31 teams into two conferences: the Eastern Conference and the Western Conference. Each conference was split into two divisions: the Eastern Conference contained 16 teams (eight per division), while the Western Conference had 15 teams (seven in the Central and eight in the Pacific). The league temporarily realigned for the 2020–21 season but returned to the previous alignment the following year. With the addition of the Seattle Kraken in 2021–22 to the Pacific Division and the Arizona Coyotes’ move from the Pacific to the Central, all four divisions now have eight teams each and both conferences have 16 teams.

The number of NHL teams held constant at 30 teams from the 2000–01 season, when the Minnesota Wild and the Columbus Blue Jackets joined the league as expansion teams, until 2017. That expansion capped a period in the 1990s of rapid expansion and relocation when the NHL added nine teams to grow from 21 to 30 teams, and relocated four teams mostly from smaller, northern cities to larger, more southern metropolitan areas (Minneapolis to Dallas, Quebec City to Denver, Winnipeg to Phoenix, and Hartford to Raleigh). The league has not contracted any teams since the Cleveland Barons were merged into the Minnesota North Stars in 1978. The league expanded for the first time in 17 years[83] to 31 teams with the addition of the Vegas Golden Knights in 2017,[54] then to 32 with the addition of the Seattle Kraken in 2021.[55][84]

According to Forbes, in 2022, the top five most valuable teams were «Original Six» teams:

  1. New York Rangers – US$2 billion
  2. Toronto Maple Leafs – US$1.8 billion
  3. Montreal Canadiens – US$1.6 billion
  4. Chicago Blackhawks – US$1.4 billion
  5. Boston Bruins – US$1.3 billion.

The remaining member of the Original Six, the Detroit Red Wings, ranked ninth at US$990 million.[85]

List of teams[edit]

Division Team City Arena Capacity Founded Joined General manager Head coach Captain
Eastern Conference
Atlantic Boston Bruins Boston, Massachusetts TD Garden 17,850 1924 Don Sweeney Jim Montgomery Patrice Bergeron
Buffalo Sabres Buffalo, New York KeyBank Center 19,070 1970 Kevyn Adams Don Granato Kyle Okposo
Detroit Red Wings Detroit, Michigan Little Caesars Arena 19,515 1926 Steve Yzerman Derek Lalonde Dylan Larkin
Florida Panthers Sunrise, Florida FLA Live Arena 19,250 1993 Bill Zito Paul Maurice Aleksander Barkov
Montreal Canadiens Montreal, Quebec Bell Centre 21,302 1909 1917 Kent Hughes Martin St. Louis Nick Suzuki
Ottawa Senators Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Tire Centre 18,652 1992 Pierre Dorion D.J. Smith Brady Tkachuk
Tampa Bay Lightning Tampa, Florida Amalie Arena 19,092 1992 Julien BriseBois Jon Cooper Steven Stamkos
Toronto Maple Leafs Toronto, Ontario Scotiabank Arena 18,819 1917 Kyle Dubas Sheldon Keefe John Tavares
Metropolitan Carolina Hurricanes Raleigh, North Carolina PNC Arena 18,680 1972 1979* Don Waddell Rod Brind’Amour Jordan Staal
Columbus Blue Jackets Columbus, Ohio Nationwide Arena 18,144 2000 Jarmo Kekalainen Brad Larsen Boone Jenner
New Jersey Devils Newark, New Jersey Prudential Center 16,514 1974* Tom Fitzgerald Lindy Ruff Nico Hischier
New York Islanders Elmont, New York UBS Arena 17,113 1972 Lou Lamoriello Lane Lambert Anders Lee
New York Rangers New York City, New York Madison Square Garden 18,006 1926 Chris Drury Gerard Gallant Jacob Trouba
Philadelphia Flyers Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Wells Fargo Center 19,500 1967 Chuck Fletcher John Tortorella Vacant
Pittsburgh Penguins Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania PPG Paints Arena 18,387 1967 Ron Hextall Mike Sullivan Sidney Crosby
Washington Capitals Washington, D.C. Capital One Arena 18,506 1974 Brian MacLellan Peter Laviolette Alexander Ovechkin
Western Conference
Central Arizona Coyotes Tempe, Arizona Mullett Arena 5,000 1972 1979* Bill Armstrong Andre Tourigny Vacant
Chicago Blackhawks Chicago, Illinois United Center 19,717 1926 Kyle Davidson Luke Richardson Jonathan Toews
Colorado Avalanche Denver, Colorado Ball Arena 18,007 1972 1979* Chris MacFarland Jared Bednar Gabriel Landeskog
Dallas Stars Dallas, Texas American Airlines Center 18,532 1967* Jim Nill Peter DeBoer Jamie Benn
Minnesota Wild Saint Paul, Minnesota Xcel Energy Center 17,954 2000 Bill Guerin Dean Evason Jared Spurgeon
Nashville Predators Nashville, Tennessee Bridgestone Arena 17,113 1998 David Poile John Hynes Roman Josi
St. Louis Blues St. Louis, Missouri Enterprise Center 18,724 1967 Doug Armstrong Craig Berube Vacant
Winnipeg Jets Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada Life Centre 15,321 1999* Kevin Cheveldayoff Rick Bowness Vacant
Pacific Anaheim Ducks Anaheim, California Honda Center 17,174 1993 Pat Verbeek Dallas Eakins Vacant
Calgary Flames Calgary, Alberta Scotiabank Saddledome 19,289 1972* Brad Treliving Darryl Sutter Vacant
Edmonton Oilers Edmonton, Alberta Rogers Place 18,347 1972 1979 Ken Holland Jay Woodcroft Connor McDavid
Los Angeles Kings Los Angeles, California Crypto.com Arena 18,230 1967 Rob Blake Todd McLellan Anze Kopitar
San Jose Sharks San Jose, California SAP Center 17,562 1991 Mike Grier David Quinn Logan Couture
Seattle Kraken Seattle, Washington Climate Pledge Arena 17,151 2021 Ron Francis Dave Hakstol Vacant
Vancouver Canucks Vancouver, British Columbia Rogers Arena 18,910 1945 1970 Patrik Allvin Rick Tocchet Vacant
Vegas Golden Knights Paradise, Nevada T-Mobile Arena 17,356 2017 Kelly McCrimmon Bruce Cassidy Mark Stone
Notes
  1. An asterisk (*) denotes a franchise move. See the respective team articles for more information.
  2. The Edmonton Oilers, Hartford Whalers (now Carolina Hurricanes), Quebec Nordiques (now Colorado Avalanche), and original Winnipeg Jets (now Arizona Coyotes) all joined the NHL in 1979 as part of the NHL–WHA merger.

Timeline[edit]

Rule differences with international hockey[edit]

Size difference between an NHL hockey rink and a hockey rink used in IIHF-sanctioned games

The National Hockey League’s rules are one of the two standard sets of professional ice hockey rules in the world, the other being the rules of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), as used in tournaments such as the Olympics. The IIHF derived from the Canadian amateur ice hockey rules of the early 20th century,[86] while the NHL rules evolved directly from the first organized indoor ice hockey game in Montreal in 1875, updated by subsequent leagues up to 1917, when the NHL adopted the existing NHA set of rules. The NHL’s rules are the basis for rules governing most professional and major junior ice hockey leagues in North America.

The NHL hockey rink is 200 by 85 feet (60.96 m × 25.91 m),[87] approximately the same length but much narrower than IIHF standards. A trapezoidal area appears behind each goal net.[88] The goaltender can play the puck only within the trapezoid or in front of the goal line; if the goaltender plays the puck behind the goal line and outside the trapezoidal area, a two-minute minor penalty for delay of game is assessed.[89] The rule is unofficially nicknamed the «Martin Brodeur rule»; Brodeur at the time was one of the best goaltenders at getting behind the net to handle the puck.[90][91][92][93] Since the 2013–14 season, the league trimmed the goal frames by 4 inches (10 cm) on each side and reduced the size of the goalies’ leg pads.[94]

New Jersey Devils goaltender Martin Brodeur (top left) positions himself along the net during a 2008 game against the Boston Bruins. Brodeur’s exploits led the NHL in 2005 to delineate the trapezoidal area behind the net to limit where the goaltender can legally play the puck behind the goal line.

The league has regularly modified its rules to counter perceived imperfections in the game. The penalty shot was adopted from the Pacific Coast Hockey Association to ensure players were not being blocked from opportunities to score. For the 2005–06 season, the league changed some of the rules regarding being offside. First, the league removed the «offside pass» or «two-line pass» rule, which required a stoppage in play if a pass originating from inside a team’s defending zone was completed on the offensive side of the centre line, unless the puck crossed the line before the player.[95] Furthermore, the league reinstated the «tag-up offside» which allows an attacking player a chance to get back onside by returning to the neutral zone.[95] The changes to the offside rule were among several rule changes intended to increase overall scoring,[95] which had been in decline since the expansion years of the mid-nineties and the increased prevalence of the neutral zone trap. Since 2005, when a team is guilty of icing the puck they are not allowed to make a line change or skater substitution of any sort before the following face-off (except to replace an injured player or re-install a pulled goaltender).[96] Since 2013, the league has used hybrid icing, where a linesman stops play due to icing if a defending player (other than the goaltender) crosses the imaginary line that connects the two face-off dots in their defensive zone before an attacking player is able to. This was done to counter a trend of player injury in races to the puck.[96]

In the NHL, fighting leads to major penalties while IIHF rules, and most amateur rules, call for the ejection of fighting players.[97][98] Usually, a penalized team cannot replace a player that is penalized on the ice and is thus short-handed for the duration of the penalty,[99] but if the penalties are coincidental, for example when two players fight, both teams remain at full strength. Also, unlike minor penalties, major penalties must be served to their full completion, regardless of number of goals scored during the power play.[99]

The league also imposes a conduct policy on its players. Players are banned from gambling and criminal activities have led to the suspension of players. The league and the Players’ Association agreed to a stringent anti-doping policy in the 2005 collective bargaining agreement. The policy provides for a twenty-game suspension for a first positive test, a sixty-game suspension for a second positive test, and a lifetime suspension for a third positive test.[100]

At the end of regulation time, the team with the most goals wins the game. If a game is tied after regulation time, overtime ensues. During the regular season, overtime is a five-minute, three-on-three sudden-death period, in which whoever scores a goal first wins the game. If the game is still tied at the end of overtime, the game enters a shootout. Three players for each team in turn take a penalty shot. The team with the most goals during the three-round shootout wins the game. If the game is still tied after the three shootout rounds, the shootout continues but becomes sudden-death. Whichever team ultimately wins the shootout is awarded a goal in the game score and thus awarded two points in the standings. The losing team in overtime or shootout is awarded one point.[101] Shootout goals and saves are not tracked in hockey statistics; shootout statistics are tracked separately.

There are no shootouts during the playoffs. Instead, multiple sudden-death, 20-minute five-on-five periods are played until one team scores. Two games have reached six overtime periods, but none have gone beyond six.[102] During playoff overtime periods, the only break is to clean the loose ice at the first stoppage after the period is halfway finished.[103]

Season structure[edit]

The National Hockey League season is divided into a preseason (September and early October), a regular season (from early October through early to mid-April) and a postseason (the Stanley Cup playoffs).

Teams usually hold a summer showcase for prospects in July and participate in prospect tournaments, full games that do not feature any veterans, in September. Full training camps begin in mid-to-late September, including a preseason consisting of six to eight exhibition games. Split squad games, in which parts of a team’s regular season roster play separate games on the same day, are occasionally played during the preseason.

During the regular season, clubs play each other in a predefined schedule. Since 2021, in the regular season, all teams play 82 games: 41 games each of home and road, playing 26 games in their own geographic division—four against five of their seven other divisional opponents, plus three against two others; 24 games against the eight remaining non-divisional intra-conference opponents—three games against every team in the other division of its conference; and 32 against every team in the other conference twice—home and road.[104]

The league’s regular season standings are based on a point system. Two points are awarded for a win, one point for losing in overtime or a shootout, and zero points for a loss in regulation. At the end of the regular season, the team that finishes with the most points in each division is crowned the division champion, and the league’s overall leader is awarded the Presidents’ Trophy.

The Stanley Cup playoffs, which go from April to the beginning of June, are an elimination tournament where two teams play against each other to win a best-of-seven series in order to advance to the next round. The final remaining team is crowned the Stanley Cup champion. Eight teams from each conference qualify for the playoffs: the top three teams in each division plus the two conference teams with the next highest number of points.[105] The two conference champions proceed to the Stanley Cup Finals. In all rounds, the higher-ranked team is awarded home-ice advantage, with four of the seven games played at this team’s home venue. In the Stanley Cup Finals, the team with the most points during the regular season has home-ice advantage.

Entry Draft[edit]

The annual NHL Entry Draft consists of a seven-round off-season draft held in late June. Early NHL drafts took place at the Queen Elizabeth (currently Fairmont) Hotel in Montreal. Amateur players from junior, collegiate, or European leagues are eligible to enter the Entry Draft. The selection order is determined by a combination of the standings at the end of the regular season, playoff results, and a draft lottery. The 16 teams that did not qualify for the playoffs are entered in a weighted lottery to determine the initial draft picks in the first round, with the last place team having the best chance of winning the lottery. Once the lottery determines the initial draft picks, the order for the remaining non-playoff teams is determined by the standings at the end of the regular season. For those teams that did qualify for the playoffs, the draft order is then determined by total regular season points for non-division winners that are eliminated in the first two rounds of the playoffs, then any division winners that failed to reach the Conference Finals. Conference finalists receive the 29th and 30th picks depending on total points, with the Stanley Cup runner-up given the 31st pick and the Stanley Cup champions the final pick.

Trophies and awards[edit]

Teams[edit]

Stanley Cup championships
Defunct teams not included.

Team Titles
Montreal Canadiens 24*
Toronto Maple Leafs 13
Detroit Red Wings 11
Boston Bruins 6
Chicago Blackhawks 6
Edmonton Oilers 5
Pittsburgh Penguins 5
New York Islanders 4
New York Rangers 4
Colorado Avalanche 3
New Jersey Devils 3
Tampa Bay Lightning 3
Los Angeles Kings 2
Philadelphia Flyers 2
Anaheim Ducks 1
Calgary Flames 1
Carolina Hurricanes 1
Dallas Stars 1
St. Louis Blues 1
Washington Capitals 1
* Includes one pre-NHL championship.

Further information:
List of Stanley Cup champions

The Stanley Cup, shown here on display at the Hockey Hall of Fame, is awarded annually to the league champion.

The most prestigious team award is the Stanley Cup, which is awarded to the league champion at the end of the Stanley Cup playoffs. The team that has the most points in the regular season is awarded the Presidents’ Trophy.

The Montreal Canadiens are the most successful franchise in the league. Since the formation of the league in 1917, they have 25 NHL championships (three between 1917 and 1925 when the Stanley Cup was still contested in an interleague competition, twenty-two since 1926 after the Stanley Cup became the NHL’s championship trophy). They also lead all teams with 24 Stanley Cup championships (one as an NHA team, twenty-three as an NHL team). Of the four major professional sports leagues in North America, the Montreal Canadiens are surpassed in the number of championships only by the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball, who have three more.

The longest streak of winning the Stanley Cup in consecutive years is five, held by the Montreal Canadiens from 1955–56 to 1959–60.[106] The 1977 edition of the Montreal Canadiens, the second of four straight Stanley Cup champions, was named by ESPN as the second greatest sports team of all time.[107]

The next most successful NHL franchise is the Toronto Maple Leafs with 13 Stanley Cup championships, most recently in 1967. The Detroit Red Wings, with 11 Stanley Cup championships, are the most successful American franchise.

The same trophy is reused every year for each of its awards. The Stanley Cup, much like its Canadian Football League counterpart, is unique in this aspect, as opposed to the Vince Lombardi Trophy, Larry O’Brien Trophy, and Commissioner’s Trophy, which have new ones made every year for that year’s champion. Despite only one trophy being used, the names of the teams winning and the players are engraved every year on the Stanley Cup. The same can also be said for the other trophies reissued every year.

Players[edit]

There are numerous trophies that are awarded to players based on their statistics during the regular season; they include, among others, the Art Ross Trophy for the league scoring champion (goals and assists), the Maurice «Rocket» Richard Trophy for the goal-scoring leader, and the William M. Jennings Trophy for the goaltender(s) for the team with the fewest goals against them.

The other player trophies are voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers’ Association or the team general managers.[108] These individual awards are presented at a formal ceremony held in late June after the playoffs have concluded. The most prestigious individual award is the Hart Memorial Trophy which is awarded annually to the Most Valuable Player; the voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association to judge the player who is the most valuable to his team during the regular season. The Vezina Trophy is awarded annually to the person deemed the best goaltender as voted on by the general managers of the teams in the NHL. The James Norris Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League’s top defenceman, the Calder Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the top rookie, and the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy is awarded to the player deemed to combine the highest degree of skill and sportsmanship; all three of these awards are voted on by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association.

In addition to the regular season awards, the Conn Smythe Trophy is awarded annually to the most valuable player during the NHL’s Stanley Cup playoffs. Furthermore, the top coach in the league wins the Jack Adams Award as selected by a poll of the National Hockey League Broadcasters Association. The National Hockey League publishes the names of the top three vote getters for all awards, and then names the award winner during the NHL Awards Ceremony.[108]

Players, coaches, officials, and team builders who have had notable careers are eligible to be voted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Players cannot enter until three years have passed since their last professional game, currently tied with the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame[109] for the shortest such time period of any major sport. One unique consequence has been Hall of Fame members (specifically, Gordie Howe, Guy Lafleur, and Mario Lemieux) coming out of retirement to play once more.[110] If a player was deemed significant enough, the three-year wait would be waived; only ten individuals have been honoured in this manner.[111] In 1999, Wayne Gretzky joined the Hall and became the last player to have the three-year restriction waived.[111] After his induction, the Hall of Fame announced that Gretzky would be the last to have the waiting period waived.

Origin of players[edit]

In addition to Canadian and American-born and trained players, who have historically composed a large majority of NHL rosters, the NHL also draws players from an expanding pool of other nations where organized and professional hockey is played. Since the collapse of the Soviet Bloc, political/ideological restrictions on the movement of hockey players from this region have disappeared, leading to a large influx of players mostly from the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Russia into the NHL. Swedes, Finns, and other Western Europeans, who were always free to move to North America, came to the league in greater numbers than before.

Many of the league’s top players in recent years have come from these European countries including Daniel Alfredsson, Erik Karlsson, Henrik Sedin, Daniel Sedin, Henrik Lundqvist, Jaromir Jagr, Patrik Elias, Zdeno Chara, Pavel Datsyuk, Evgeni Malkin, Nicklas Lidstrom and Alexander Ovechkin.[112] European players were drafted and signed by NHL teams in an effort to bring in more «skilled offensive players»,[113] although as of 2008 there has been a decline in European players as more American players enter the league.[114] The addition of European players changed the style of play in the NHL and European style hockey has been integrated into the NHL game.[112]

As of the 2017–18 season, the NHL has players from 17 countries, with 46.0% coming from Canada and 26.0% from the United States, while players from a further 15 countries make up 26.4% of NHL rosters.[115][116] The following table shows the seven countries that make up the vast majority of NHL players. The table follows the Hockey Hall of Fame convention of classifying players by the currently existing countries in which their birthplaces are located, without regard to their citizenship or where they were trained.

Country Players
[117]
(1988–89) 		% Players
[118][119]
(2002–03) 		% Players
[120][121]
(2006–07) 		% Players
[122][123]
(2010–11) 		% Players
[115]
(2017–18) 		%
 Canada 551 75.4 488 49.8 495 52.7 521 53.3 446 45.3
 United States 112 15.3 140 14.3 182 19.3 234 23.9 269 27.3
 Sweden 23 3.1 58 5.9 49 5.2 63 6.4 98 9.9
 Finland 18 2.5 38 3.9 42 4.5 30 3.1 42 4.3
 Czech Republic 11 1.5 73 7.4 65 6.9 42 4.3 37 3.8
 Russia 1 0.1 57 5.8 35 3.7 32 3.3 39 4.0
 Slovakia 6 0.8 36 3.7 26 2.8 14 1.4 13 1.3
Total 731 100.0 980 100.0 942 100.0 978 100.0 985 100.0

[edit]

Logos of corporate sponsors are visible on the boards and ice in an NHL hockey rink.

The NHL lists its several official corporate partners into three categories: North American Partners, USA Partners, and Canada Partners.[124] Discover Card is the league’s official credit card in the US, while competitor Visa is an official sponsor in Canada.[125] Likewise, Tim Hortons is the league’s official coffee and doughnuts chain in Canada, while Dunkin’ Donuts is the NHL’s sponsor in the US.[126]

Among its North American corporate sponsors, Kraft Heinz sponsors Kraft Hockeyville, an annual competition in which communities compete to demonstrate their commitment to the sport of ice hockey. The winning community gets a cash prize dedicated to upgrading their local home arena, as well as the opportunity to host an NHL pre-season game. Two contests are held, one for communities across Canada and a separate competition for communities in the US.

At least two of the North American corporate sponsors have ties to NHL franchise owners: the Molson family, founders of Molson Brewery, has owned the Montreal Canadiens for years, while SAP was co-founded by Hasso Plattner, the current majority owner of the San Jose Sharks.

Many of these same corporate partners become the title sponsors for the league’s All-Star and outdoor games.

Beginning in the 2020–21 NHL season, the league allowed for advertising on its gameday uniforms for the first time, starting with helmet ads. The NHL will have advertising on the front of team jerseys for the first time starting in the 2022–23 season.[127]

On May 14, 2021, NHL and the sports betting company Betway announced a multi-year partnership in which Betway became the official sports betting partner to the NHL in North America.[128]

Media coverage[edit]

Members of the media interviewing players on ice after a game in 2009

Canada[edit]

Broadcasting rights in Canada have historically included the CBC’s Hockey Night in Canada (HNIC), a Canadian tradition dating to 1952,[129][130] and even prior to that on radio since the 1920s.

The current national television and digital rightsholder is Rogers Communications, under a 12-year deal valued at C$5.2 billion which began in the 2014–15 season, as the national broadcast and cable television rightsholders. National English-language coverage of the NHL is carried primarily by Rogers’ Sportsnet group of specialty channels; Sportsnet holds national windows on Wednesday and Sunday nights. Hockey Night in Canada was maintained and expanded under the deal, airing up to seven games nationally on Saturday nights throughout the regular season. CBC maintains Rogers-produced NHL coverage during the regular season and playoffs.[131] Sportsnet’s networks also air occasional games involving all-U.S. matchups.[132][133][134][135][136][137]

Quebecor Media holds national French-language rights to the NHL, with all coverage airing on its specialty channel TVA Sports.[138][139]

Games that are not broadcast as part of the national rights deal are broadcast by Sportsnet’s regional feeds, TSN’s regional feeds, and RDS. Regional games are subject to blackout for viewers outside of each team’s designated market.[140]

United States[edit]

Historically, the NHL has never fared well on American television in comparison to the other American professional leagues. The league’s American broadcast partners had been in flux for decades prior to 1995. Hockey broadcasting on a national scale was particularly spotty prior to 1981; NBC, CBS, and ABC held rights at various times during that period but with limited schedules during the second half of the regular season and the playoffs, along with some (but not all) of the Stanley Cup Finals. The NHL primarily was then only available on cable television after 1981, airing on the USA Network, SportsChannel America, and ESPN at various times. Since 1995, national coverage has been split between broadcast and cable, first with Fox and ESPN from 1995 to 1999, then followed by ABC and ESPN from 1999 to 2004. The U.S. national rights were then held by NBC and OLN (later renamed Versus, then NBCSN) between the 2004–05 NHL lockout and 2021.

The 2021–22 season marks the first year of seven-year agreements with ESPN and Turner Sports.[141] ESPN’s deal includes 25 regular season games on ABC or ESPN, and 75 exclusive games streamed on ESPN+ and Hulu.[142] Turner Sports’ coverage includes up to 72 regular season games on TNT or TBS.[143] The playoffs will be split between ESPN and Turner, with ABC televising the Stanley Cup Finals during even years and TNT televising the championship series during odd years.[141]

As in Canada, games not broadcast nationally are aired regionally within a team’s home market and are subject to blackout outside of them. These broadcasters include regional sports network chains. Certain national telecasts are non-exclusive, and may also air in tandem with telecasts of the game by local broadcasters. However, national telecasts of these games are blacked out in the participating teams’ markets to protect the local broadcaster.

NHL Network[edit]

The league co-owns the NHL Network, a television specialty channel devoted to the NHL. Its signature show is NHL Tonight. The NHL Network also airs live games, but primarily simulcasts of one of the team’s regional broadcasters.

Out-of-market packages[edit]

NHL Centre Ice in Canada[144] and NHL Center Ice in the United States[145] are the league’s subscription-based, out-of-market sports packages that offer access to out-of-market feeds of games through a cable or satellite television provider.

The league originally launched NHL GameCenter Live in 2008, allowing the streaming of out-of-market games over the internet.[146] MLB Advanced Media then took over of its day-to-day operations in 2016, renaming it NHL.tv.[147] Under its contract, Rogers Communications distributes the service in Canada as NHL Live;[148] it will be incorporated into Sportsnet Now Premium for the 2022–23 season.[149] Under ESPN’s contract, the league’s out-of-market streaming package was incorporated into ESPN+ for those viewers in the United States in 2021.[142]

International[edit]

Outside of Canada and the United States, NHL games are broadcast across Europe, in the Middle East, in Australia,[150] and in the Americas across Mexico, Central America, Dominican Republic, Caribbean, South America and Brazil, among others.[151]

NHL.tv is also available for people in most countries to watch games online, but blackout restrictions may still apply if a game is being televised in the user’s country. For those in selected international markets where ESPN also holds the streaming rights, they must instead access games on the ESPN platform used in that particular country: ESPNPlayer, ESPN Play, the ESPN App, or Star+. And those in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Norway, and Sweden must use Viaplay.[152]

International competitions[edit]

The National Hockey League has occasionally participated in international club competitions. Most of these competitions were arranged by the NHL or NHLPA. The first international club competition was held in 1976, with eight NHL teams playing against the Soviet Championship League’s HC CSKA Moscow, and Krylya Sovetov Moscow. Between 1976 and 1991, the NHL, and the Soviet Championship League would hold several exhibition games between the two leagues known as the Super Series.[153] No NHL club had played a Soviet or Russian-based club from the end of the Super Series in 1991 to 2008 when the New York Rangers faced Metallurg Magnitogorsk in the 2008 Victoria Cup.[154]

In addition to the Russian clubs, NHL clubs had participated in several international club exhibitions and competitions with various European-based clubs. The first exhibition game to feature an NHL team against a European-based team (aside from clubs based in the former Soviet Union) was in December 1977, when the New York Rangers faced Poldi Kladno of the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League. In the 2000s the NHL organized four NHL Challenge series between NHL and European clubs.[155] The NHL continued to organize exhibition games between NHL and European teams before the beginning of the NHL season; those games were known as the NHL Premiere from 2007 to 2011 and as the NHL Global Series since 2017.[156] The last NHL exhibition game involving a European club occurred during the 2022 NHL Global Series.[157] NHL clubs have also participated in IIHF-organized club tournaments. The most recent IIHF-organized event including an NHL club was the 2009 Victoria Cup, between the Swiss National League A’s ZSC Lions, and the Chicago Blackhawks.

NHL players also participate in international competitions featuring national teams. The annual Ice Hockey World Championships is held every May, at the same time as the Stanley Cup playoffs. Because of its timing, NHL players generally only join their respective country’s team in the World Championships if their respective NHL team has been eliminated from Stanley Cup contention.[158] From 1998 to 2014, during the year of the quadrennial Winter Olympics, the NHL suspended its all-star game and expanded the traditional all-star break to allow NHL players to participate in the Olympic ice hockey tournament. In 2018, an Olympic break was not scheduled by the NHL, resulting in their players not participating in that year’s Olympic tournament.[159] An Olympic break was also not scheduled in 2022, with the NHL opting to not permit its players to participate due to a shortened NHL season that year, and concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic.[160] The NHL and the NHLPA also organize the World Cup of Hockey. Unlike the Ice Hockey World Championships and the Olympic tournament, the World Cup of Hockey is played under NHL rules and not those of the IIHF.[161]

In 2007, the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) formalized the «Triple Gold Club», the group of players and coaches who have won an Olympic gold medal, a World Championship gold medal, and the Stanley Cup.[162][163][164] The term had first entered popular use following the 2002 Winter Olympics, which saw the addition of the first Canadian members.[165][166][167]

Popularity[edit]

The NHL is considered one of the four major professional sports leagues in North America, along with Major League Baseball, the National Football League, and the National Basketball Association. The league is very prominent in Canada, where it is the most popular of these four leagues.[168] Overall, hockey has the smallest total fan base of the four leagues, the smallest revenue from television, and the least sponsorship.[169]

The NHL holds one of the most affluent fan bases.[169] Studies by the Sports Marketing Group conducted from 1998 to 2004 show that the NHL’s fan base is much more affluent than that of the PGA Tour.[170][failed verification] A study done by the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 2004, found that NHL fans in America were the most educated and affluent of the four major leagues. Further it noted that season-ticket sales were more prominent in the NHL than the other three because of the financial ability of the NHL fan to purchase them.[169] According to Reuters in 2010, the largest demographic of NHL fans was males aged 18–34.[171]
The NHL estimates that half of its fan base roots for teams in outside markets. Beginning in 2008, the NHL began a shift toward using digital technology to market to fans to capitalize on this.

The debut of the Winter Classic, an outdoor regular season NHL game held on New Year’s Day 2008, was a major success for the league. The game has since become an annual staple of the NHL schedule. This, along with the transition to a national «Game of the Week» and an annual «Hockey Day in America» regional coverage, all televised on NBC, has helped increase the NHL’s regular season television viewership in the United States.[citation needed] These improvements led NBC and the cable channel Versus to sign a ten-year broadcast deal, paying US$200 million per year for both American cable and broadcast rights; the deal will lead to further increases in television coverage on the NBC channels.

This television contract has boosted viewership metrics for the NHL. The 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs saw the largest audience in the history of the sport «after a regular season that saw record-breaking business success, propelled in large part by the NHL’s strategy of engaging fans through big events and robust digital offerings.»[172] This success has resulted in a 66 percent rise in NHL advertising and sponsorship revenue. Merchandise sales were up 22 percent and the number of unique visitors on the NHL.com website was up 17 percent during the playoffs after rising 29 percent in the regular season.[173]

See also[edit]

  • List of NHL records (individual)
  • List of NHL records (team)
  • List of professional sports teams in the United States and Canada
  • List of American and Canadian cities by number of major professional sports franchises
  • List of TV markets and major sports teams
  • List of National Hockey League attendance figures
  • List of National Hockey League arenas
  • NHL All-Rookie team
  • NHL All-Star team

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ While the Montreal Canadiens have won 24 Stanley Cups, this does not equal their number of NHL championships, as the Stanley Cup predates the NHL and was an inter-league championship prior to 1926. The Canadiens won a Stanley Cup championship in 1916 as a member of the National Hockey Association, and 23 Cups as a member of the NHL. Montreal also won the NHL championship twice without winning the Stanley Cup: in 1918–19 when the Spanish flu cancelled the Stanley Cup Finals against the Seattle Metropolitans of Pacific Coast Hockey Association and in 1924–25 when they lost in the Stanley Cup finals to the Western Canada Hockey League’s Victoria Cougars.

References[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

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  • Jenish, D’Arcy (2008). The Montreal Canadiens: 100 Years of Glory. Doubleday Canada. ISBN 978-0-385-66324-3.
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  • McFarlane, Brian (1997). Brian McFarlane’s History of Hockey. Champaign, Illinois: Sports Publishing Inc. ISBN 1-57167-145-5.
  • McKinley, Michael (2006). Hockey: A People’s History. McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 0-7710-5769-5.
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  • Podnieks, Andrew; Szemberg, Szymon (2007). World of hockey: celebrating a century of the IIHF. Fenn Publishing. ISBN 9781551683072.
  • Ross, J. Andrew (2015). Joining the Clubs: The Business of the National Hockey League to 1945. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-3383-9.
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  1. ^ Kreiser, John (November 25, 2017). «NHL turns 100 years old». NHL.com. Retrieved March 29, 2018. Beginning on Nov. 24, 1917, the NHA’s directors, George Kendall (better known as George Kennedy) of the Montreal Canadiens, Sam Lichtenhein of the Montreal Wanderers, Tom Gorman of Ottawa, M.J. Quinn of Quebec and NHA secretary-treasurer Frank Calder, held three days of meetings at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal and decided to start over. Gorman, seconded by Kendall, proposed, ‘That the Canadiens, Wanderers, Ottawa and Quebec Hockey Clubs unite to comprise the National Hockey League.’ The motion was carried, and the NHL was officially formed on Nov. 26, 1917.
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  8. ^ The National Hockey League Official Record Book & Guide 2009 77th Edition, p. 9. New York: National Hockey League (2008)
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Further reading[edit]

  • Bass, Alan (2011). The Great Expansion: The Ultimate Risk That Changed the NHL Forever. Iuniverse Inc. ISBN 978-1-4502-8605-3.
  • Fischler, Stan & Shirley (2003). Who’s Who in Hockey. Andrews McMeel Pub. ISBN 0-7407-1904-1.
  • Holzman, Morey; Nieforth, Joseph (2002). Deceptions and doublecross : how the NHL conquered hockey. Dundurn Press. ISBN 1-55002-413-2.
  • Ross, J. Andrew (2015). Joining the Clubs: The Business of the National Hockey League to 1945. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-3383-9.
  • Weekes, Don (2005). The Big Book of Hockey Trivia. Greystone Books. ISBN 1-55365-119-7.
  • Wright, Marshall D (2010). The National Hockey League, 1917–1967: A Year-by-Year Statistical History. McFarland & Co. ISBN 978-0-7864-4444-1.

External links[edit]

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • NHL Player’s Association (NHLPA)
  • NHL Officials Association website
Источник

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НХЛ — что это такое? Расшифровка, определение, перевод

НХЛ (произносится «эн-ха-эл») это Национальная Хоккейная Лига — самый сильный и самый престижный хоккейный турнир в мире, в котором принимают участие канадские и американские профессиональные команды. По итогам регулярного турнира команды из НХЛ выходят в плей-офф, где разыгрывают Кубок Стенли — самый почётный хоккейный трофей на планете.

Играть в НХЛ — мечта каждого хоккеиста, а зарплаты в лиге исчисляются миллионами долларов в год. В НХЛ с 1990-х годов играют и российские хоккеисты, а самой яркой звездой среди них сегодня является Александр Овечкин.

По-английски аббревиатура NHL произносится как «эн-эйч-эл».

НХЛ находится в списке: Спорт

Вы узнали, откуда произошло слово НХЛ, его объяснение простыми словами, перевод, происхождение и смысл.
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Что такое ЦСКА?
Оле оле! Аббревиатура ЦСКА произносится как «цээска» и расшифровывается как «центральный спортивный клуб армии».

Что такое БКЛ?
Осторожно, двери закрываются! Аббревиатура БКЛ расшифровывается как «Большая Кольцевая Линия» московского метро им. Кагановича.

Что такое Кубок Дэвиса?
Кубок Дэвиса это самый престижный турнир по большому теннису среди сборных команд. Матчи на.

Источник

Как пишется нхл по английски

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15 национальный хоккейный лига

См. также в других словарях:

NHL 11 — The North American cover of NHL 11, featuring Jonathan Toews. Developer(s) EA Canada … Wikipedia

NHL 12 — The cover of NHL 12, featuring Steven Stamkos Developer(s) EA Canada Publisher(s) … Wikipedia

NHL 2K — is a series of hockey games by 2K Sports for the Dreamcast, PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, Xbox, iPhone, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and the Wii. Its main competitor is EA Sports NHL video games. The game is officially licensed from the National… … Wikipedia

NHL 09 — Cover of NHL 09, featuring Dion Phaneuf Developer(s) EA Canada (PlayStation 3, Xbox 360) HB Studios (Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2) … Wikipedia

NHL 10 — The cover of NHL 10 featuring Patrick Kane Developer(s) EA Canada Publisher(s) … Wikipedia

NHL 09 — Разработчик … Википедия

NHL 13 — Обложка игры для PS3 Разработчик EA Canada Издатели … Википедия

NHL ’94 — Cover art Developer(s) EA Canada and High Score Productions (SCD, SNES, MD) Park Place Productions (DOS) … Wikipedia

NHL ’99 — NHL (série) NHL est une série de jeux vidéo de hockey sur glace développée par EA Sports depuis 1991. La série est sous la licence de la Ligue nationale de hockey. Série Titre Année Plate formes NHL Hockey 1991 Mega Drive/Genesis NHLPA Hockey 93… … Wikipédia en Français

NHL 06 — North American cover art for PS2 Pictured: Vincent Lecavalier Developer(s) EA Canada Publisher(s) … Wikipedia

NHL 07 — Alexander Ovechkin on the cover of NHL 07 Developer(s) EA Canada (Xbox 360 and PSP) EA Montreal (PS2, Xbox, PC) Publisher … Wikipedia

Источник

Штаб-квартира лиги находится в центре Манхэттена с 1989 года, когда головной офис переехал из Монреаля. В истории НХЛ было четыре перерыва в работе лиги, и все они произошли после 1992 года. Международная федерация хоккея с шайбой (IIHF) считает Кубок Стэнли одним из «самых важных чемпионатов, доступных для этого вида спорта». НХЛ привлекает множество высококвалифицированных игроков со всего мира и в настоящее время насчитывает игроков примерно из 20 стран. Канадцы исторически составляли большинство игроков лиги, при этом в последние сезоны увеличивалась доля американских и европейских игроков.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

История

Ранние годы

«Бульдоги» не смогли играть в НХЛ, а оставшиеся владельцы основали « Торонто Аренас», чтобы соревноваться с «Канадиенс», «Уондерерс» и «Сенаторз». Первые игры были сыграны 19 декабря 1917 года. Монреальская арена сгорела в январе 1918 года, в результате чего «Странники» прекратили свою деятельность, а НХЛ продолжала существовать как лига из трех команд до тех пор, пока «Бульдоги» не вернулись в 1919 году.

Оригинальная шестерка эпохи

Великая Депрессия и начало Второй мировой войны унесли на лиге. The Pirates стали Philadelphia Quakers в 1930 году, а год спустя закрылись. Сенаторы также стали Сент-Луис Иглз в 1934 году, также продержавшись всего год. Maroons не выжили, так как они приостановили свою деятельность в 1938 году. Американцы были приостановлены в 1942 году из-за нехватки доступных игроков, и никогда не были возобновлены.

В сезоне 1942–43 НХЛ сократилась до шести команд: Бостон Брюинз, Чикаго Блэк Хокс, Детройт Ред Уингз, Монреаль Канадиенс, Нью-Йорк Рейнджерс и Торонто Мэйпл Лифс. называемая « Первоначальной шестеркой », которая останется неизменной в течение следующих 25 лет. В 1947 году лига достигла соглашения с попечителями Кубка Стэнли о получении полного контроля над трофеем, что позволило ей отклонять вызовы других лиг, которые хотели играть за Кубок.

13 марта 1948 года канадец из Азии Ларри Квонг стал первым небелым игроком в НХЛ и преодолел цветной барьер лиги, играя за «Нью-Йорк Рейнджерс». 18 января 1958 года Уилли О’Ри стал первым афроамериканским игроком в истории лиги, когда он дебютировал в составе «Бостон Брюинз».

Эпоха расширения

Вопросы труда

Локаут в начале сезона 1994-95 заставил лигу сократить график от 84 до 48 игр, с командами играть только внутри конференц-игру во время уменьшенного сезона. В результате коллективный договор (CBA) был пересмотрен в 1998 году и продлен до 15 сентября 2004 года.

Проблемы безопасности игроков

25 ноября 2013 года десять бывших игроков НХЛ (Гэри Лиман, Рик Вейв, Брэд Эйткен, Даррен Бэнкс, Курт Беннетт, Ричи Данн, Уоррен Холмс, Боб Манно, Блэр Стюарт и Моррис Титаник) подали в суд на лигу за халатное отношение к защите игроков. от сотрясений мозга. Иск был предъявлен через три месяца после того, как Национальная футбольная лига согласилась выплатить бывшим игрокам 765 миллионов долларов США в связи с иском о безопасности игроков.

Женщины в НХЛ

Организационная структура

Совет управляющих

Совет управляющих собирается дважды в год, в июне и декабре, при этом точная дата и место определяются Комиссаром.

Руководители

Источник

Как пишется нхл по английски

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См. также в других словарях:

НХЛ — неходжкинские лимфомы мед. НХЛ Национальная хоккейная лига Канада, спорт, США Словарь: С. Фадеев. Словарь сокращений современного русского языка. С. Пб.: Политехника, 1997. 527 с. НХЛ нхл начало христианского летоисчисления … Словарь сокращений и аббревиатур

НХЛ — (NHL), см. Национальная хоккейная лига. * * * НХЛ НХЛ (NHL), см. Национальная хоккейная лига (см. НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ХОККЕЙНАЯ ЛИГА (НХЛ)) … Энциклопедический словарь

НХЛ — (N.H.L.), смотри Национальная хоккейная лига … Современная энциклопедия

НХЛ — абревіатура Національна хокейна ліга США і Канада незмінювана словникова одиниця … Орфографічний словник української мови

НХЛ — (N.H.L.), смотри Национальная хоккейная лига. … Иллюстрированный энциклопедический словарь

Нхл — Национальная хоккейная лига Вид спорта Хоккей с шайбой Основание 1917 Руководитель Гэри Бэттмен … Википедия

НХЛ — Портал:НХЛ Начинающим · Сообщество · Порталы · Награды · Проекты · Запросы · Оценивание География · История · Общество · Персоналии · Религия · Спорт · Техника · Наука · Искусство · Философия … Википедия

НХЛ — Национальная хоккейная лига (США, Канада) … Словарь сокращений русского языка

НХЛ в сезоне 2008-2009 — Начало 4 октября 2008 Конец 12 июня 2009 Регулярный чемпионат Президентский Кубок (очков) Сан Хосе Шаркс (117) … Википедия

НХЛ в сезоне 2008/2009 — Начало 4 октября 2008 Конец 12 июня 2009 Регулярный чемпионат Президентский Кубок (очков) Сан Хосе Шаркс (117) Лучший бомбардир (очков) … Википедия

НХЛ в сезоне 2011/2012 — Начало 6 октября 2011 Конец 11 июня 2012 Регулярный чемпионат Президентский Кубок (очков) Ванкувер Кэнакс (111) Лучший б … Википедия

Источник

Как пишется нхл по английски

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См. также в других словарях:

NHL 11 — The North American cover of NHL 11, featuring Jonathan Toews. Developer(s) EA Canada … Wikipedia

NHL 12 — The cover of NHL 12, featuring Steven Stamkos Developer(s) EA Canada Publisher(s) … Wikipedia

NHL 2K — is a series of hockey games by 2K Sports for the Dreamcast, PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, Xbox, iPhone, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and the Wii. Its main competitor is EA Sports NHL video games. The game is officially licensed from the National… … Wikipedia

NHL 09 — Cover of NHL 09, featuring Dion Phaneuf Developer(s) EA Canada (PlayStation 3, Xbox 360) HB Studios (Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2) … Wikipedia

NHL 10 — The cover of NHL 10 featuring Patrick Kane Developer(s) EA Canada Publisher(s) … Wikipedia

NHL 09 — Разработчик … Википедия

NHL 13 — Обложка игры для PS3 Разработчик EA Canada Издатели … Википедия

NHL ’94 — Cover art Developer(s) EA Canada and High Score Productions (SCD, SNES, MD) Park Place Productions (DOS) … Wikipedia

NHL ’99 — NHL (série) NHL est une série de jeux vidéo de hockey sur glace développée par EA Sports depuis 1991. La série est sous la licence de la Ligue nationale de hockey. Série Titre Année Plate formes NHL Hockey 1991 Mega Drive/Genesis NHLPA Hockey 93… … Wikipédia en Français

NHL 06 — North American cover art for PS2 Pictured: Vincent Lecavalier Developer(s) EA Canada Publisher(s) … Wikipedia

NHL 07 — Alexander Ovechkin on the cover of NHL 07 Developer(s) EA Canada (Xbox 360 and PSP) EA Montreal (PS2, Xbox, PC) Publisher … Wikipedia

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Теперь вы знаете какие однокоренные слова подходят к слову Как пишется нхл по английски, а так же какой у него корень, приставка, суффикс и окончание. Вы можете дополнить список однокоренных слов к слову «Как пишется нхл по английски», предложив свой вариант в комментариях ниже, а также выразить свое несогласие проведенным с морфемным разбором.

Источник

В далекие времена письма писались постоянно. Порой они были вершителями судеб не только отдельных людей, но и целых государств. К сожалению или к счастью, сегодня этот вид переписки почти забыт. Люди обмениваются информацией через интернет. А для этого, ничего кроме e-mail не нужно. Однако, знать, как написать адрес по-английски, все же необходимо. Зачем?

Все тот же интернет. Всемирная паутина предлагает множество способов покупки различных товаров, которые можно приобрести не только в своей стране, но и за рубежом. Покупая одежду, например, в Англии или Америке, адрес необходимо писать по-английски. Еще одна причина, по которой стоит владеть этой информацией — это посылки. Люди как отправляли их раньше, так и сегодня отправляют. Объемные предметы в e-mail не поместятся. И здесь, вам надо уметь писать и читать адрес на английском языке. Вся деловая переписка также требует умения  написания координат. Грамотного написания!

Порядок

В хаотичном порядке располагать данные нельзя. Для этого есть четкая структура. Согласитесь, иногда сложно понять иностранное название: город это или улица, а может название дома или еще что-нибудь. Именно по этой причине написание адреса на английском подчиняется строгим правилам. Предположим, что у вас есть конверт. Данные получателя пишем посередине или в нижнем правом углу. Отправитель указывает свои данные в верхнем левом углу. Это поможет вернуть почтовой службе письмо или посылку, если оно не нашло адресата. Далее схема.

Английская почта

  1. В первой строке пишется Адресат. Это может быть как отдельный человек, так и компания.  
  2. Название здания, если оно имеется
  3. Номер дома, квартиры и название улицы на второй строке
  4. Квартира, кабинет или дополнительная информация о здании указывается ниже
  5. Название местности, района, провинции
  6. Затем указываете название города  большими печатными буквами
  7. Название страны можно опустить, если письмо не выходит за ее пределы.
  8. Почтовый индекс пишется только печатными большими буквами

Mr Brown (имя)

11 Oxford Road (номер дома, улица)

AYLESBURY (район)

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE (город)

UNITED KINGDOM (страна)

HP19 3EQ (индекс)

Американская почта (Австралия, Канада, Новая Зеландия)

Правила написания адреса на английском почти идентичны с предыдущим примером, только имеются некоторые дополнения. Их важно запомнить. Во-первых, почтовая служба США требует писать и использовать только заглавные буквами.

  1. Сначала указываете Addressee — Адресата. (Имя, фамилию, компанию)
  2. Номер почтового ящика есть у каждого. По нему машина сортирует письма.
  3. Номер дома и название улицы на следующей строке. Некоторые включают в себя направление: юг, запад, восток, север. Для этого можно просто написать заглавную букву: E, W, N, S перед или после названия улицы (иногда объединяют NW, NE и так далее).
  4. Номер офиса, квартиры, кабинета на следующей строке (многие адреса не имеют)
  5. Название города, местности, района, провинции, штата
  6. Почтовый индекс пишется перед названием
  7. Название страны завершает написание адреса

 MARY STUARD (имя)

P. O. Box 345 (почтовый ящик)

11 W BRIGHT AVENUE(номер дома и название улицы)

SEATTLE (город)

WA 98102 (штат и почтовый индекс)

USA (страна)

Российская почта

Написать свой адрес по-английски должен уметь каждый. Именно здесь и возникают наибольшие трудности. Давайте проясним ситуацию. Имена, названия улиц и городов не переводятся. В данном случае используется транслитерация (Все об этом явлении можно узнать из статей «Транслитерация английских букв» и «Русские имена на английском»). Следующие слова можно писать двумя способами, хотя более приемлем второй:

  • uliza (ul.)/ kvartira (kv.)/ dom
  • street (str)/ apartment (apt)/ building

Порядок

  1. Фамилия, имя, отчество адресата
  2. Дом, улица, квартира — именно такой порядок
  3. Город
  4. Индекс
  5. Район, провинция (не всегда указывается)
  6. Страна

Ivanov I. I.

145 Pobeda str, apt 34

Moscow

34567

Russia

Еще несколько правил о том, как пишется адрес в английском письме. Во-первых, почтовые службы убедительно просят не использовать точки, хотя в некоторых случаях требуют. Во-вторых, не забывайте использовать заглавные буквы в некоторых элементах английского образца и полностью в американском случае. Некоторые сокращения будут вам полезны:

block или building — корпус

square — площадь (sqr)

avenue — проспект (ave)

secondary (residential ) road — проезд

quay — набережная

Что же, на этом вся информация по написанию адресов на английском языке. Помните, что лучше писать в середине координаты того, кому отправляешь, обратные данные —  в левом верхнем углу. Затем строго следуйте схеме, и ваше письмо точно найдет своего адресата.

Правила транслитерации. Как русские имена и фамилии пишутся по-английски.

Когда нужно записать имя (или фамилию) на другом языке, возможно применение транскрипции, когда слово переписывают буквами другого языка, стараясь передать произношение слова на языке-источнике, но обычно используется транслитерация, когда буквы одного языка заменяют буквами другого языка по определенному правилу.

*** Для тех, кто хотел знать, как слово «Яндекс» пишется по-английски: yandex (сайт http://yandex.ru)

ru — русская буква, en — по-английски

ru  en Пример транслитерации Соответствующее
английское имя
а a Anna, Anya
Anastasia
Aleksandr
Aleksei, Aleksey
Andrey
Artur		 Анна, Аня
Анастасия
Александр
Алексей
Андрей
Артур		 Ann [æn]
—
Alexander[ˌælɪɡˈzɑːndə]
—
Andrew [ˈændruː]
Arthur [ˈɑːθə]
б b Boris, Borya Борис, Боря
в v Varvara
Vladimir, Vova
Valery
Vitya		 Варвара
Владимир, Вова
Валерий
Витя		 Barbara[ˈbɑːb(ə)rə]
—
—
—
г g Grigory, Grisha Григорий, Гриша
д d Dmitry, Dima Дмитрий, Дима
е e, ye Elena
Egor
Evgeniy
Yeltsin Boris Nikolaevich		 Елена
Егор
Евгений
Ельцин Борис Николаевич		 Helen[ˈhɛlən]
—
Eugene [ˈjuːdʒiːn]
—
—
ё yo Yolkin Ёлкин
ж zh Zhenya Женя
з z Zinaida, Zina Зинаида, Зина
и i Irina, Ira
Igor		 Ирина, Ира
Игорь		 Irene [ˈaɪriːn]
—
й y Valery Leontyev Валерий Леонтьев
к c, k Cirill
Kolya
Victoria, Vica		 Кирилл
Коля
Виктория, Вика
л l Lidia, Lida,
Lena		 Лидия, Лида,
Лена
м m Maria, Masha
Mikhail, Misha
Margarita		 Мария, Маша
Михаил, Миша
Маргарита		 Mary [ˈmɛərɪ]
Michael [ˈmaɪk(ə)l]
Margaret [ˈmɑːɡ(ə)rət]
н n Nicolay
Natasha
Nina		 Николай
Наташа
Нина		 Nicholas [ˈnɪk(ə)ləs]
—
—
о o Olga, Olya
Oleg		 Ольга, Оля
Олег
п p Piotr, Petya
Pavel
Polyna, Polina		 Пётр, Петя
Павел
Полина		 Peter [ˈpiːtə]
Paul [pɔːl]
Paulina [pɔːˈliːnə]
р r Rita
Roman		 Рита
Роман
с s Sergey, Seryozha
Sveta
Sasha		 Сергей, Сережа
Света
Саша
т t Tatyana, Tanya
Tamara		 Татьяна, Таня
Тамара
у u Ulyana Ульяна
ф f Fyodor Федор Theodore [ˈθiːədɔː]
х kh Svetlana Khorkina Светлана Хоркина
ц ts Tseitlin Цейтлин
ч ch Chulpan Hamatova Чулпан Хаматова
ш sh Shura
Vasily Shukshyn		 Шура
Василий Шукшин
щ shch Shchukin Boris Vasilyevich
Tatishchev Vasily Nikitich		 Щукин Борис Васильевич
Татищев Василий Никитич
ъ “
ы y Krylov Ivan Andreevich Крылов Иван Андреевич
ь ‘
э e Elen
Ella
Andrey Eshpay		 Элен
Элла
Андрей Эшпай		 Helen[ˈhɛlən]
—
ю yu Yulia, Yulya
Yuriy, Yura		 Юлия, Юля
Юрий, Юра		 Julia [ˈdʒuːlɪə]
—
я ya Yakov Яков Jacob [ˈdʒeɪkəb]

На практике многие имена пишут по-разному, например,
Василий — Vasily Vasiliy, Vasili, Vasilii
Юрий — Yury Yuri Yuriy
Вот типичная цитата: «…у меня в загранпаспорте написали Dmitry. Я Юрьевич, так в загранпаспорте у отца вообще Youry…»
(еще и по правилам французского языка!)
А вот правила для транслитерации, используемые Сбербанком для написания имен и фамилий на пластиковых картах:

А -> A Б -> B В -> V
Г -> G Д -> D Е -> E
Ё -> E Ж -> ZH З -> Z
И -> I Й -> Y К -> K
Л -> L М -> M Н -> N
О -> O П -> P Р -> R
С -> S Т -> T У -> U
Ф -> F Х -> KH Ц -> TS
Ч -> CH Ш -> SH Щ -> SHCH
Ъ -> Ы -> Y Ь ->
Э -> E Ю -> YU Я -> YA

* русские гласные е,ё, ю, я пишутся :
через y: ye, yo, yu, ya — после гласной и в начале слова;
через i: ie, io, iu, ia — после согласной

Например,
АЛЕКСАНДР ~ ALEXANDER
ВЯЧЕСЛАВ ~ VJATCHESLAV
ВИКТОР ~ VICTOR
КУЗЬМА ~ KOUZMA
ЛЮБОВЬ ~ LIUBOV
ЛЮДМИЛА ~ LIUDMILA
НАДЕЖДА ~ NADEZDA
ФИЛИПП ~ PHILIPP
ЮЛИЯ ~ JULIA
ЮРИЙ ~ YURI
ЯКОВ ~ IAKOV

Наверное, самым авторитетным должен быть сайт Президента России. На сайте
http://eng.kremlin.ru/ имя Дмитрия Медведева по-английски пишется Dmitry Medvedev.
Полезные ссылки:
Русские имена: значение и происхождение: kurufin.narod.ru/html/rus.html
Перевод русских букв в английские (онлайн): fotosav.ru/services/transliteration.aspx

В наши дни  частенько нам приходится писать свои  имена по-английски, например,  для получения кредитной карты   или загранпаспорта. Но не всегда сделать это просто, особенно если ваши  знания английского языка ограничиваются уровнем неполной средней школы. Поэтому нужно точно знать, как написать свое имя по-английски правильно. Иначе неправильно написанное имя может стать большой проблемой при оформлении документов.

Повезло тем, у кого буквы в имени соответствуют буквам  английского языка: Marina Ivanova – Марина Иванова, Vsevolod Petrov – Всеволод Петров. Всем остальным стоит изучить нижеследующую табличку, чтобы знать, в каком случае какая буква пишется.

Таблица соответствия русских и английских букв

А a К k Х kh = h
Б b Л l Ц ts
В v М m Ч ch
Г g Н n Ш sh
Д d О o Щ shch
Е e П p Ъ —
Ё Yo=o Р r Ы y
Ж zh С s Ь y
З z Т t Э e
И i У u Ю yu
И i Ф ph Я ya

Некоторые буквы передать вообще невозможно. В английском языке нет Ъ и Ь знаков:

  • Igor Kotelnikov — Игорь Котельников. Иногда в конце таких имен, как Дарья , Софья, Илья пишется YA:
  • Darya — Дарья, Ilya — Илья.
  • Буквы Ы и Й передаются как Y:

    Krylov Andrey – Крылов Андрей

  • Окончания в фамилиях ЫЙ и ИЙ также обозначаются, как Y: Anatoly Cherny – Анатолий Черный

Гласные Е, Ё, Ю,Я

Как написать имя по-английски, если в нем присутствуют эти буквы? Гласные Е и Ё пишутся как E если звучат как [`Э] и [Э]:

  • Vera Semina – Вера Сёмина
  • Eduard — Эдуард
  • В случае же, если они звучат как [ЙЭ] или  [ЙО], то пишутся они следующим образом:

    Yephim Elnikov – Ефим Ельников

  • Буквы Ю и Я передаются соответственно как YU и YA:

    Yuliya – Юлия, Yana – Яна.

Звуки Ж, Щ, Ш, Ф, Х, Ч, и Ц

В основном, трудности в том, как написать свое имя по-английски, испытывают те, у кого в имени или фамилии присутствуют  буквы, обозначающие,  шипящие согласные звуки. Вот, как они пишутся по-английски:

  • Ж — ZH: Zhenia – Женя, Zhanna – Жанна
  • Ч- CH: Chornyshev – Чернышев, Konychev — Конычев,  Chonkin — Чонкин
  • Ш — SH: Sholokhov — Шолохов, Koshkina — Кошкина
  • Щ –SHCH: Shchbakov – Щербаков, Shchukin — Щукин
  • Ф — PH: Philipov – Филиппов, Philimonov — Филимонов
  • Х — KH: Khoriton – Хоритон, Kharatyan — Харатьян
  • Ц — TS: Tsarev – Царев, Tsyganova — Цыганова.

Зная все эти тонкости, вы без труда напишете свое, да и любое имя по-английски без особых проблем, и никакие трудности перевода не будут вам страшны.

НХЛ (произносится «эн-ха-эл») это Национальная Хоккейная Лига — самый сильный и самый престижный хоккейный турнир в мире, в котором принимают участие канадские и американские профессиональные команды. По итогам регулярного турнира команды из НХЛ выходят в плей-офф, где разыгрывают Кубок Стенли — самый почётный хоккейный трофей на планете.

Играть в НХЛ — мечта каждого хоккеиста, а зарплаты в лиге исчисляются миллионами долларов в год. В НХЛ с 1990-х годов играют и российские хоккеисты, а самой яркой звездой среди них сегодня является Александр Овечкин.

По-английски аббревиатура NHL произносится как «эн-эйч-эл».

Nastuha



Профи

(540),
закрыт



12 лет назад

Источник
National Hockey League
2021-22 NHL Season
NHL Shield.png
Sport Ice hockey
Founded 1917
No. of teams 32
Country(ies) Flag of Canada Canada
Flag of the United States United States
Most recent champion(s) Tampa Bay Lightning
TV partner(s) CAN: Sportsnet/CBC/TVA Sports
USA: ABC/ESPN/TNT/TBS
Official website NHL.com

The National Hockey League (NHL) (French:Ligue nationale de hockey (LNH)) is a North American professional ice hockey league. Founded in 1917, the NHL is internationally regarded as the best ice hockey league worldwide, and top talent from all across the globe play in the league,[1] and one of the North American major professional sports leagues. The NHL is divided into two conferences, each of which consists of two divisions.

The league was founded in 1917 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada with four teams, and through a series of expansions, contractions and relocations, the league is now composed of 31 teams, 24 of which are based in the United States and seven in Canada. After a labour dispute that led to the cancellation of the entire 2004–05 season, the league has staged a successful comeback, including revenue and profit growth.

Because the sport originated in Canada, Canadians have historically constituted a large majority of the players in the NHL. Over the past 30 years, the percentages of American and European players have increased because of the NHL’s continued expansion into the United States, its high standard of play compared to other leagues, and the availability of highly skilled European players. Nevertheless, more than half of the league’s players on the 2005–06 roster were born in Canada.

The Tampa Bay Lightning are the current defending champions of the Stanley Cup, the league’s championship trophy, after winning the 2021 playoffs. The Colorado Avalanche are the current regular season champions (winners of the Presidents’ Trophy).

History

French version of NHL shield

Early and Original Six Eras

After a series of disputes in the Canadian National Hockey Association (NHA) between Eddie Livingstone, owner of the Toronto Blueshirts and the owners of other teams, the owners of the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, and Quebec Bulldogs met at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal to talk about the NHA’s future.[2] Their discussions eventually led to the creation of the National Hockey League in 1917; the founding teams were the Canadiens, Wanderers and Senators. A Toronto franchise, because of the dispute, was given temporarily to the Toronto Arena Corp to operate, and is often referred to as the Arenas, though they operated without a nickname.[3][2]

Montreal Canadiens in 1942.

Even though the league struggled to stay in business during its first decade, the NHL’s teams were very successful on the ice; only once, in 1925, did a team from any other league win the Stanley Cup, and by 1926 the NHL was the only league competing for the Cup.[4] The NHL then started a process of expansion: the Boston Bruins (the first U.S.-based NHL franchise) and Montreal Maroons entered the league in 1924–25; the New York Americans and the Pittsburgh Pirates entered in the 1925–26 season; and the New York Rangers, Chicago Black Hawks (now spelled Blackhawks), and Detroit Cougars (now known as the Red Wings) entered in the 1926–27 season, raising the number of teams in the NHL to ten. The Great Depression and the onset of World War II, took a toll on the league, and by 1942 the NHL was reduced to six teams. These six teams (the Montreal Canadiens, Toronto Maple Leafs, Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Black Hawks, Boston Bruins, and New York Rangers) are collectively known as the Original Six, and for the next quarter-century were the only teams in the National Hockey League.

First Expansion Era

By the mid 1960s, the desire for a network television contract in the U.S., and concerns that the Western Hockey League was planning to declare itself a major league and challenge for the Stanley Cup, spurred the NHL to undertake its first expansion since the 1920s. Six new teams were added to the NHL roster in 1967, and placed in their own newly-created division. The teams were the Philadelphia Flyers, St. Louis Blues, Minnesota North Stars, Los Angeles Kings, Oakland Seals, and Pittsburgh Penguins. Three years later, the NHL added the Vancouver Canucks and Buffalo Sabres.

Second Expansion Era

In 1972, the World Hockey Association (WHA) was formed, and its status as a potential rival to the NHL did not go unnoticed. In response, the NHL decided to rush its own expansion plans by adding the New York Islanders and Atlanta Flames (which soon became the Calgary Flames) in 1972 to forestall WHA franchises in newly constructed arenas in those markets, followed by the addition of the Kansas City Scouts and Washington Capitals two years later.[5] The two leagues fought for the rights of players and fans until the WHA folded in 1979 as part of an agreement whereby four of the remaining six WHA teams would enter the NHL as expansion teams: the Hartford Whalers (now the Carolina Hurricanes, 1997-present), Québec Nordiques (now the Colorado Avalanche, 1996-present), Edmonton Oilers, and Winnipeg Jets (now the Phoenix Coyotes, 1996-present).[6]

Third Expansion Era

After a period of stability in the 1980s, the NHL further expanded with nine new franchises in ten years. The San Jose Sharks entered in 1991; a season later the Ottawa Senators would return to the NHL along with the addition of the Tampa Bay Lightning. In 1993, the league added two additional teams, the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and the Florida Panthers. Next came the Nashville Predators in 1998, the Atlanta Thrashers in 1999, and then the Minnesota Wild and the Columbus Blue Jackets in 2000, bringing the total to 30 teams. In 2011 the Thrashers moved to Winnipeg, and became the new Winnipeg Jets.

2017 Expansion

On June 22, 2016, Commissioner Bettman announced that Las Vegas, Nevada was chosen unanimously to become the 31st member team. The ownership group of the team had run a season ticket campaign which landed 14,000 season ticket deposits and sold all of the suites at the T-Mobile Arena.

The other group in the running for an expansion team Quebec City was deferred at this point an not rejected. Three main reasons were cited by the commissioner during the announcement of the expansion vote; the geographic imbalance of the league with 16 teams in the east and 15 now in the west. The present weakness and volatility of the Canadian dollar (which has dipped to as low as $.68) during the year long expansion process, and difficulty for the existing teams to prep for two new teams entering the league at once as each team will lose one player in the upcoming expansion draft. Quebecor (the group backing the Quebec City bid) stated we want it to be a success and we need to be patient, timing has to be right we already lost the Nordiques once we don’t want to lose them twice. The league did not give a time frame for the reevaluation of the Quebec City bid, but Quebec City is said to be on the league’s radar screen they are aware of the interest and capabilities of the people and ownership group in Quebec City.

On November 22, 2016, the name of the Las Vegas team was revealed as being the Vegas Golden Knights.

Game

Hockey_Best

Hockey Best

☆★_NHL_★☆_GAME_OF_THE_YEAR!?_10_6_09

☆★ NHL ★☆ GAME OF THE YEAR!? 10 6 09

Original NHL logo, used before 2005. A version of the logo features it in the likeness of a hockey puck.

Each National Hockey League regulation game is an ice hockey game played between two teams and is 60 minutes long. The game is composed of three 20-minute periods with an intermission of either 15½ or 17 minutes (if nationally televised) between periods.[7] Television timeouts are taken at the first stoppage of play after 6, 10, and 14 minutes of elapsed time unless there is a power play or the first stoppage is the result of a goal. In these cases the timeout will occur at the first stoppage after the penalty expires or the second stoppage after the goal. At the end of the 60 minute regulation time, the team with the most goals wins the game. If a game is tied after regulation time, overtime ensues. During the regular season, overtime is a five-minute, four-player on four-player sudden-death period, in which the first team to score a goal wins the game. Until the 2005–06 season, if no team was able to score in the 5 minute overtime, the game ended in a tie. For the 2015-16 season the overtime was changed to 3-on-3 for the five minute overtime

Beginning in 2005–06, if the game is still tied at the end of overtime, the game enters a shootout. Three players for each team in turn take a penalty shot. The team with the most goals during the three round shootout wins the game. If the game is still tied after the three shootout rounds, the shootout continues, but becomes sudden death. Whichever team ultimately wins the shootout is awarded a goal in the game score and thus awarded two points in the standings. The losing team in overtime or shootout is awarded only one. Shootout goals and saves are not tracked in hockey statistics; shootout statistics are tracked separately.

Shootouts do not occur during the playoffs. In the playoffs, sudden-death 20-minute five-on-five periods are played until one team scores. While a game could theoretically continue forever, only four games have reached five overtime periods, two have reached six, and none have gone beyond six.[8]

Teams

The National Hockey League originated in 1917 with four teams, and through a sequence of team expansions, reductions, and relocations currently consists of 31 teams, 24 of which are based in the United States and 7 in Canada.

Team Locations as of 2017-18 season

The Montreal Canadiens are the most successful franchise with 24 Stanley Cup championships; in the four major North American professional sports leagues the Montreal Canadiens are only surpassed in the number of championships by the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball, who have 3 more. The next most successful franchise is the Toronto Maple Leafs with 13 Stanley Cups, but they have not won a championship since 1967. The Detroit Red Wings, with ten Stanley Cups, is the most successful American franchise. The longest streak of winning the Stanley Cup in consecutive years is five, held by the Montreal Canadiens from 1955-56 to 1959-60; the New York Islanders (1980-1983) and the Montreal Canadiens (1976-1979) have four-year championship streaks.[9] The 1977 edition of the Montreal Canadiens, the second of four straight Stanley Cup champions, was named by ESPN as the second greatest sports team of all-time.[10]

Of all the major leagues in North America, the NHL is the only league to field teams that play in two countries’ capital cities, Ottawa and Washington, D.C.

The league divides the teams into two conferences. Each conference has two divisions, and each division has seven (Central)or eight (Atlantic, Metropolitan, Pacific) teams. This change was made in an attempt to cut down on the travel. The previous organization had roots in the 1998–99 season where a league realignment added two divisions to bring the total number of divisions to six; the current team alignment began with the 2000–2001 season when the Minnesota Wild and the Columbus Blue Jackets joined the league as expansion teams. The newest team alignment happened in after the 2012-2013 season due to the move of the Atlanta Thrashers to Winnipeg. On December 5, 2011, the NHL Board of Governors proposed a relocation plan. The NHLPA rejected it and said to wait for the Draft to see if they would change their decision. In February 2013, they proposed the idea again. On March 7, 2013, the NHLPA approved the plan which would move the Detroit Red Wings and Columbus Blue Jackets to the Eastern conference and the Winnipeg Jets to the Western conference. The realignment started in the 2013/2014 season. The current league organization divides the teams into two conferences, the Eastern and Western. Each conference has two divisions. The Eastern conference includes the Atlantic and Metropolitan divisions. The Western conference includes the Pacific and Central divisions.

Eastern Conference

Division Team City Arena Capacity Joined NHL
Atlantic Boston Bruins Boston, Massachusetts TD Garden 17,565 1924
Buffalo Sabres Buffalo, New York KeyBank Center 18,690 1970
Detroit Red Wings Detroit, Michigan Little Caesars Arena 20,066 1926
Florida Panthers Sunrise, Florida BB&T Center 19,452 1993
Montreal Canadiens Montreal, Quebec Bell Centre 21,273 1917
Ottawa Senators Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Tire Centre 20,500 1992
Tampa Bay Lightning Tampa, Florida Amalie Arena 19,500 1992
Toronto Maple Leafs Toronto, Ontario Scotiabank Arena 18,800 1917
Metroplitan Carolina Hurricanes Raleigh, North Carolina PNC Arena 18,639 1979
Columbus Blue Jackets Columbus, Ohio Nationwide Arena 18,136 2000
New Jersey Devils Newark, New Jersey Prudential Center 17,625 1974
New York Islanders Brooklyn, New York
Uniondale, New York 		Barclays Center
Nassau Coliseum 		16,234
13,900 		1972
New York Rangers New York, New York Madison Square Garden 18,200 1926
Philadelphia Flyers Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Wells Fargo Center 19,500 1967
Pittsburgh Penguins Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania PPG Paints Arena 18,087 1967
Washington Capitals Washington, D.C. Capital One Arena 18,277 1974

Western Conference

Division Team City Arena Capacity Joined NHL
Central Arizona Coyotes Glendale, Arizona Gila River Arena 18,000 1979
Chicago Blackhawks Chicago, Illinois United Center 19,717 1926
Colorado Avalanche Denver, Colorado Ball Arena 18,007 1979
Dallas Stars Dallas, Texas American Airlines Center 18,500 1967
Minnesota Wild St. Paul, Minnesota Xcel Energy Center 18,568 2000
Nashville Predators Nashville, Tennessee Bridgestone Arena 17,113 1998
St. Louis Blues St. Louis, Missouri Enterprise Center 19,022 1967
Winnipeg Jets Winnipeg, Manitoba Bell MTS Place 18,750 2011
Pacific Anaheim Ducks Anaheim, California Honda Center 17,174 1993
Calgary Flames Calgary, Alberta Scotiabank Saddledome 19,289 1972
Edmonton Oilers Edmonton, Alberta Rogers Place 18,641 1979
Los Angeles Kings Los Angeles, California Staples Center 18,118 1967
San Jose Sharks San Jose, California SAP Center at San Jose 17,496 1991
Seattle Kraken Seattle, Washington Climate Pledge Arena 17,100 2021
Vancouver Canucks Vancouver, British Columbia Rogers Arena 18,630 1970
Vegas Golden Knights Las Vegas, Nevada T-Mobile Arena 17,368 2017

Former Member Teams

  • Montreal Wanderers — folded after arena fire
  • Quebec Bulldogs — moved to Hamilton
  • Ottawa Senators — won the Cup several times before becoming the St. Louis Eagles
  • Hamilton Tigers franchise rights transferred to New York Americans
  • Toronto Arenas/Toronto St. Pats — became the Toronto Maple Leafs
  • Montreal Maroons — folded
  • New York Americans — moved to Brooklyn
  • Detroit Cougars/Detroit Falcons — became the Detroit Red Wings
  • Pittsburgh Pirates — moved to Philadelphia
  • Philadelphia Quakers — folded
  • St. Louis Eagles — folded
  • Brooklyn Americans — folded
  • Minnesota North Stars — moved to Dallas, won the cup
  • Oakland Seals/California Golden Seals — moved to Cleveland
  • Cleveland Barons — merged with the North Stars
  • Atlanta Flames — moved to Calgary, won the cup
  • Kansas City Scouts — moved to Denver
  • Colorado Rockies — moved to New Jersey, won the cup
  • Quebec Nordiques — moved to Denver, won the cup
  • Winnipeg Jets — moved to Phoenix
  • Hartford Whalers — moved to Raleigh (North Carolina), won the cup
  • Atlanta Thrashers — moved to Winnipeg

Team/Venue Listing (Chronological)

Team Location Arenas Tenure Notes
Montreal Canadiens Montreal, Quebec Montreal Arena (1917-January 2, 1918),
Jubilee Arena (January 3, 1918-1919
Mount Royal Arena (1919-1926),
Montreal Forum (1926-1996)
Bell Centre (1996-present)
(known as Molson Centre 1996-2002)		 1917-present
Montreal Wanderers Montreal, Quebec Montreal Arena 1917-1918 withdrew on January 4, 1918 after arena burned down on January 2, 1918
Ottawa Senators (original) Ottawa, Ontario Dey’s Arena (1917-1923),
Ottawa Auditorium (1923-1931)		 1917-1931 suspend operations for 1931-1932 season
Toronto Hockey Club Toronto, Ontario Arena Gardens 1917-1918 reorganized as Toronto Arenas
Toronto Arenas Toronto, Ontario Arena Gardens 1918-1919 withdrew February 20, 1919
Quebec Bulldogs Quebec City, Quebec Quebec Arena 1919-1920 franchise sold and relocated to Hamilton, Ontario; renamed Hamilton Tigers (NHL)
Toronto St. Patricks Toronto, Ontario Arena Gardens 1919-1927 renamed Toronto Maple Leafs
Hamilton Tigers (NHL) Hamilton, Ontario Barton Street Arena 1920-1925 franchise revoked; players form nuclues of New York Americans
Boston Bruins Boston, Massachusetts Boston Arena (1924-1928);
Boston Garden (1928-1995);
TD Garden (1995-present)
(planned to be known as the Shawmut Center but was renamed when bank merged with Fleet Bank), FleetCenter 1995–2005, From February 10, 1995 to March 13, 1995 between naming rights deals the name changed daily as a charity fundraiser),  TD Banknorth Garden 2005–2009)		 1924-present
Montreal Maroons Montreal, Quebec Montreal Forum 1924-1938 suspend operations; franchise cancelled in 1947 after several attempts to restart franchise fell through
New York Americans New York, New York Madison Square Garden (1925) 1925-1941 renamed Brooklyn Americans but do not move
Pittsburgh Pirates (NHL) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Duquesne Gardens 1925-1930 relocated to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; renamed Philadelphia Quakers (NHL)
Chicago Black Hawks Chicago, Illinois Chicago Coliseum (1926-1929);
Chicago Stadium (1929-1994); United Center (1994-present)		 1926-1986 renamed Chicago Blackhawks when its discovered original team charter was worded as such
Detroit Cougars (NHL) Windsor, Ontario (1926-1927);
Detroit, Michigan (1927-1930)		 Border Cities Arena (1926-1927); 
Olympia Stadium (1927-1930)		 1926-1930 renamed Detroit Falcons (NHL)
New York Rangers New York, New York Madison Square Garden (1925) (1926-1968);
Madison Square Garden (1968-present)		 1926-present
Toronto Maple Leafs Toronto, Ontario Arena Gardens (1927-1931);
Maple Leaf Gardens (1931-1999);
Scotiabank Arena (1999-present)
(known as Air Canada Centre 1999-2018)		 1927-present
Detroit Falcons (NHL) Detroit, Michigan Olympia Stadium 1930-1932 franchise renamed Detroit Red Wings when sold out of bankruptcy
Philadelphia Quakers (NHL) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Philadelphia Arena 1930-1931 folded
Ottawa Senators (original) Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa Auditorium 1932-1934 relocated to St. Louis, Missouri; renamed St. Louis Eagles
Detroit Red Wings Detroit, Michigan Olympia Stadium (1932-1979);
Joe Louis Arena (1979-2017); Little Caesars Arena (2017-present)		 1932-present
St. Louis Eagles St. Louis, Missouri St. Louis Arena 1934-1935 suspend operations; franchise sold back to league
California Seals Oakland, California Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum 1967-1967 renamed Oakland Seals partway through 1967-68 season
Los Angeles Kings Los Angeles, California Long Beach Arena (1967),
The Forum (Inglewood, California) (1967-1999)
(known as Great Western Forum 1988-2003),
Staples Center (1999-present)		 1967-present
Minnesota North Stars Bloomington, Minnesota Met Center 1967-1993 relocated to Dallas, Texas; renamed Dallas Stars
Philadelphia Flyers Philadelphia, Pennsylvania The Spectrum (1967-1996),
Wells Fargo Center (1996-present)
(known as CoreStates Center 1996-1998, First Union Center 1998-2003, Wachovia Center 2003-2010)		 1967-present
Pittsburgh Penguins Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Civic Arena 1967-2010 (known as Mellon Arena 1999-2010),
PPG Paints Arena (2010-present)
(known as Consol Energy Center 2010-2016)		 1967-present
St. Louis Blues St. Louis, Missouri St. Louis Arena (1967-1994)
(known as The Checkerdome 1977-1983),
Enterprise Center (1994-present)
(known as Kiel Center 1994-2000, Savvis Center 2000-2006, Scottrade Center 2006-2018)		 1967-present
Oakland Seals Oakland, California Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum 1967-1970 renamed California Golden Seals early in 1970-71 season
Buffalo Sabres Buffalo, New York The Aud (1970-1996),
KeyBank Center (1996-present)
(known as Marine Midland Arena 1996-2000, HSBC Arena 2000-2011, First Niagara Center 2011-2016)		 1970-present
Vancouver Canucks Vancouver, British Columbia Pacific Coliseum (1970-1995),
Rogers Arena (1995-present)
(known as General Motors Place (1995-2010))		 1970-present
California Golden Seals Oakland, California Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum 1970-1976 relocated to Cleveland, Ohio; renamed Cleveland Barons
Atlanta Flames Atlanta Flames The Omni 1972-1980 relocated to Calgary, Alberta; renamed Calgary Flames
New York Islanders Uniondale, New York (1972-2015, 2018-present), New York, New York (2015-present) Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum (1972-2015, 2018-present)
Barclays Center (2015-present)		 1972-present
Kansas City Scouts Kansas City, Missouri Kemper Arena 1974-1976 relocated to Denver, Colorado; renamed Colorado Rockies
Washington Capitals Landover, Maryland (1974-1997)
Washington, DC (1997-present)		 Capital Centre (1974-1997)
(known as USAir Arena (1993-1996), US Airways Arena (1996-1997),
Capital One Arena (1997-present)
(known as MCI Center 1997-2006, Verizon Center 2006-2017)		 1974-present
Cleveland Barons Richfield, Ohio Richfield Coliseum 1976-1978 merged into Minnesota North Stars; would later be technically de-merged to form San Jose Sharks
Colorado Rockies Denver, Colorado McNichols Sports Arena 1976-1982 relocated to East Rutherford, New Jersey; renamed New Jersey Devils
Edmonton Oilers Edmonton, Alberta Northlands Coliseum
(known as Edmonton Coliseum 1995–1998 Skyreach Centre 1998–2003, Rexall Place 2003–2016)
Rogers Place (2016-present)		 1979-present
Hartford Whalers Springfield, Massachusetts (1979-1980),
Hartford, Connecticut (1980-1997)		 Springfield Civic Center (1979-February 3, 1980)
(22 games due to arena closure and then availability in Hartford), 
Hartford Civic Center (January 11, 1980-1997)		 1979-1997 relocated temporarily to Greensboro, North Carolina pending arena being built in Raleigh, North Carolina; renamed Carolina Hurricanes
Quebec Nordiques Quebec City, Quebec Colisee de Quebec 1979-1995 relocated to Denver, Colorado; renamed Colorado Avalanche
Winnipeg Jets (1972-1996) Winnipeg, Manitoba Winnipeg Arena 1979-1996 relocated to Phoenix, Arizona; renamed Phoenix Coyotes
Calgary Flames Calgary, Alberta Stampede Corral (1980-1983),
Scotiabank Saddledome (1983-present)
(known as Olympic Saddledome 1983-1995, Canadian Airlines Saddledome 1995-2000, Pengrowth Saddledome 2000-2010)		 1980-present
New Jersey Devils East Rutherford, New Jersey (1982-2007),
Newark, New Jersey (2007-present)		 Continental Airlines Arena (1982-2007)
(known as Brendan Byrne Arena 1982-1996)
Prudential Center (2007-present)		 1982-present
Chicago Blackhawks Chicago, Illinois Chicago Stadium (1986-1994);
United Center (1994-present)		 1986-present
San Jose Sharks Daly City, California (1991-1993)
San Jose, California (1993-present)		 Cow Palace (1991-1993),
SAP Center (1993-present)
(known as San Jose Arena 1993-2001, Compaq Center 2001-2002, HP Pavillion 2002-2013)		 1991-present
Ottawa Senators Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa Civic Center (1992-January 1996),
Canadian Tire Centre (January 1996-present)
(known as The Palladium Jan. 1996-Feb. 1996, Corel Centre 1996-2006, Scotiabank Place 2006-2013)		 1992-present
Tampa Bay Lightning Tampa, Florida (1992-1993, 1996-present)
St. Petersburg, Florida (1993-1996)		 Expo Hall (1992-1993),
Thunderdome (1993-1996),
Amalie Arena (1996-present)
(known as the Ice Palace 1996-2002, St. Pete Times Forum 2002-2012,Tampa Bay Times Forum 2012-2014)		 1992-present
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim Anaheim, California Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim 1993-2006 renamed Anaheim Ducks
Florida Panthers Miami, Florida (1993-1998),
Sunrise, Florida (1998-present)		 Miami Arena (1993-1998),
BB&T Center (1998-present)
(known as National Car Rental Center 1998-2002, Office Depot Center 2002-2005, and Bank Atlantic Center 2005-2012)		 1993-present
Dallas Stars Dallas, Texas Reunion Arena (1993-2001),
American Airlines Center (2001-present)		 1993-present
Colorado Avalanche Denver, Colorado McNichols Arena (1995-1999),
Ball Arena (1999-present)
(known as Pepsi Center 1999-2020)		 1995-present
Phoenix Coyotes Phoenix, Arizona (1996-2003)
Glendale, Arizona (2003-2014)		 America West Arena (1996-2003),
Jobing.com Arena (2003-2014)
(known as Glendale Arena 2003-2006)		 1996-2014 renamed Arizona Coyotes
Carolina Hurricanes Greensboro, North Carolina (1997-1999),
Raleigh, North Carolina (1999-present)		 Greensboro Coliseum (1997-1999),
PNC Arena (1999-present)
(known as Raleigh Entertainment & Sports Arena 1999-2002 and RBC Center 2002-2012)		 1997-present
Nashville Predators Nashville, Tennessee Bridgestone Arena
(known as Nashville Arena 1996-1999, 2007, 2010, Gaylord Entertainment Center 1999-2007, and Sommet Center 2007-2010)		 1998-present
Atlanta Thrashers Atlanta, Georgia Phillips Arena 1999-2011 relocated to Winnipeg, Manitoba; renamed Winnipeg Jets
Columbus Blue Jackets Columbus, Ohio Nationwide Arena 2000-present
Minnesota Wild St. Paul, Minnesota Xcel Energy Center 2000-present
Anaheim Ducks Anaheim, California Honda Center 2006-present
Winnipeg Jets Winnipeg, Manitoba Bell MTS Place
(known as MTS Centre 2011-2017)		 2011-present
Arizona Coyotes Glendale, Arizona Gila River Arena 2014-present
Vegas Golden Knights Paradise, Nevada T-Mobile Arena 2017-present
Seattle Kraken Seattle, Washington Climate Pledge Arena 2021-expansion

Outdoor Games/Venues

(regular season only)

Event Location Venue Date Notes
2003 Heritage Classic Edmonton, Alberta Commonwealth Stadium (Edmonton) November 22, 2003
2008 Winter Classic Orchard Park, New York Ralph Wilson Stadium
(known as Rich Stadium 1973-1998, New Era Field 2016–2020, Bills Stadium 2020–present)		 January 1, 2008
2009 Winter Classic Chicago, Illinois Wrigley Field January 1, 2009
2010 Winter Classic Boston, Massachusetts Fenway Park January 1, 2010
2011 Winter Classic Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Heinz Field January 1, 2011
2011 Heritage Classic Calgary, Alberta McMahon Stadium February 20, 2011
2012 Winter Classic Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Citizens Bank Park January 1, 2012
2014 Winter Classic Ann Arbor, Michigan Michigan Stadium January 1, 2014
2014 NHL Stadium Series Los Angeles, California Dodger Stadium January 25, 2014
2014 NHL Stadium Series New York, New York Yankee Stadium January 26, 2014
2014 NHL Stadium Series New York, New York Yankee Stadium January 29, 2014
2014 NHL Stadium Series Chicago, Illinois Soldier Field March 1, 2014
2014 Heritage Classic Vancouver, British Columbia BC Place March 2, 2014
2015 Winter Classic Washington, DC Nationals Park January 1, 2015
2015 Stadium Series Santa Clara, California Levi’s Stadium February 21, 2015
2016 Winter Classic Foxborough, Massachusetts Gillette Stadium January 1, 2016
2016 Stadium Series Minneapolis, Minnesota TCF Bank Stadium February 21, 2016
2016 Stadium Series Denver, Colorado Coors Field February 27, 2016
2016 Heritage Classic Winnipeg, Manitoba Investors Group Field
(known as IG Field 2019–present)		 October 23, 2016
Centennial Classic Toronto, Ontario BMO Field
2017 Winter Classic St. Louis, Missouri Busch Stadium January 1, 2017
2017 Stadium Series Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Heinz Field February 25, 2017
100 Classic Ottawa, Ontario TD Place Stadium January 1, 2018
2018 Winter Classic New York, New York Citi Field January 2, 2018
2018 Stadium Series Annapolis, Maryland Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium March 3, 2018
2019 Winter Classic South Bend, Indiana Notre Dame Stadium January 1, 2019
2019 Stadium Series Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Lincoln Financial Field February 23, 2019
2019 Heritage Classic Regina, Saskatchewan Mosaic Stadium October 26, 2019
2020 Winter Classic Dallas, Texas Cotton Bowl January 1, 2020
2020 Stadium Series Colorado Springs, Colorado Falcon Stadium February 15, 2020

Global Neutral Venues

(Regular Season only)
The NHL has had teams open seasons with games in Europe and Asia in events known as NHL Premiere or NHL Global Series. Many of these events include exhibition games against local professional clubs.

Indoor Neutral Site Venues (North America)

During the 1992-93 and 1993-94 season each NHL team played two games each at a neutral site. This was done with an eye on expansion and/or possible relocation of troubled franchises. Several of the cities ended up with NHL teams in the not to distant future from these games being played. The 1994-95 NHL lockout and its’ settlement put an end to neutral site games.

Back-up/Emergency Venues

(Regular Season and Stanley Cup Playoffs)
Sometimes due to venue conflicts, building problems, attendance issues, or even to try out a city to see the potential for a new team teams have used venues for regular season and playoff games.

Season structure

Stanley Cup at HOF.jpg

See also: List of NHL seasons

The National Hockey League season is divided into a regular season from the first Wednesday in October through the beginning of April, when teams play each other in a predefined schedule, and a playoffs from April to the beginning of June, which is an elimination tournament where two teams play against each other to win a best-of-seven series in order to advance to the next round. The final remaining team is crowned the Stanley Cup champion.

In the regular season, each team plays 82 games: 41 games each of home and road. Eastern teams play 30 games in its own geographic division— four or five against each one of their seven other divisional opponents—and 24 games against the eight remaining non-divisional intra-conference opponents—three games against every team in the other division of its conference. Western teams play 28 or 29 games in its own geographic division-four or five against each one of their six other divisional opponents-and 21 or 22 games against the seven remaining non-divisional intra-conference opponents-three games against every team in the other division of its conference, with one cross-division intra-conference match-up occurring in four games (one team from each division plays only 28 intra-division games in a given season, and rotates every season). All teams play every team in the other conference twice-home and road. For three seasons between 2005 and 2008, teams played 32 games within their division—eight games against each team in the division—and 10 inter-conference games—one game against each team in two of the three divisions in the opposite conference.[11] The two divisions faced from the opposite conference were rotated every year, much like inter-league play in Major League Baseball. As with the former system, each team played four games against each one of the other ten teams in its conference outside of its division.

The league’s regular season standings are based on a point system instead of winning percentages. Points are awarded for each game, where two points are awarded for a win, one point for losing in overtime or a shootout, and zero points for a loss in regulation. At the end of the regular season, the team that finishes with the most points in each division is crowned the division champion. The league’s overall leader is awarded the Presidents’ Trophy.

Since 2014 the top three teams in each division plus the two wild-card teams in the conference with the next highest number of points, for a total of eight teams in each conference, qualify for the playoffs. The division winner with the best record in the conference plays the lowest-seeded wild-card team and the other division winner plays the highest-seeded wild-card (wild-card teams may cross over to another division within the conference), and the next two teams with the next best records in each division are seeded 2nd and 3rd.[12] The Stanley Cup playoffs is an elimination tournament, where the teams are grouped in pairs to play best-of-seven series, the winners moving on to the next round. The first round of the playoffs, or conference quarterfinals, consists of the first seed playing the fourth seed, and the second playing the third, division-wise.[12] In the second round, or conference semifinals, the four remaining teams in the conference play each other. In the third round, the conference finals, the two remaining teams play each other, with the conference champions proceeding to the Stanley Cup Final.

In all rounds the higher-ranked team is awarded home-ice advantage. Four of the seven games are played at this team’s home venue—the first and second, and, when necessary, the fifth and seventh games—with the other games played at the lower-ranked team’s home venue. In the Stanley Cup Final, the team with the most points (or in case of a tie, most wins) during the regular season is given home-ice advantage, regardless of where each team ranks in their own conference.

Notable players

Wayne Gretzky in a New York Rangers uniform in 1997.

The top five point scoring forwards in the 2019–20 season were Leon Draisaitl, Connor McDavid, Artemi Panarin, David Pastrňák, and Nathan MacKinnon. Pastrňák and Alexander Ovechkin tied for the most goals scored,[13] followed by Auston Matthews and Draisaitl. The top three scoring defencemen were John Carlson, Roman Josi, and Victor Hedman,[14] and the top goaltenders (by wins) were Andrei Vasilevskiy (35), Connor Hellebuyck (31), Jordan Binnington (30), Frederik Andersen (29), and Marc-André Fleury and Carey Price (27 each).[15]

In addition to Canadian and American players, who have historically composed a large majority of NHL players, the NHL draws players from all over the world. Since the collapse of the Soviet Bloc, restrictions on the movement of hockey players from this region have lessened and there has been a large influx of European players into the NHL such as Alexander Ovechkin.[16] European players were drafted and signed by NHL teams in an effort to bring in more skilled offensive players.[17] The addition of European players has changed the style of play in the NHL considerably and European style hockey has been accepted, if not embraced, in the NHL.[16] In Winter Olympic years, the league voluntarily suspends its season so that NHL players can play in the Winter Olympics, representing their native countries. Currently the NHL has players from 18 different countries, with the majority still coming from Canada.[18]

For more information about the origins of NHL players, see the List of NHL statistical leaders by country.

Hockey rink

Diagram of a hockey rink:
1. penalty boxes
2. team benches
3. scorekeepers’ area.

National Hockey League games are played on a hockey rink which is rectangular ice rink with rounded corners and surrounded by a wall. It measures 25.91 by 60.92 metres (85 by 200 ft) in the NHL,[19] while international standards call for a rink measuring 29–30 metres by 60–61 metres (by 95.14–98.43 ft by 196.85–200.13 ft). The center line divides the ice in half,[20] and is used to judge icing violations. There are two blue lines that divide the rink roughly into thirds, which divide the ice into two attacking and one neutral zone.[20] Near the end of both ends of the rink, there is a thin red goal line spanning the width of the ice, which is used to judge goals and icing calls.

Starting in the 2005–2006 season, after testing in the American Hockey League, a trapezoidal area behind each goal net has been introduced.[21] The goaltender can only play the puck within that area or in front of the goal line; if the goaltender plays the puck behind the goal line and not in the trapezoidal area, a 2 minute minor penalty for delay of game is assessed by the referees.[22]

Staring with the 2014-15 season the following changes were made:

  • The trapezoidal areas behind each net in which goaltenders are allowed to play the puck are to be made 4 ft (1.2m) wider than their current width.
  • The width of the hashmarks outside the faceoff circles will be extended from their current 3.5 feet to five feet, seven inches apart (international markings).

Rules

Main articles: National Hockey League rules

While the National Hockey League follows the general rules of ice hockey, it differs slightly from those used in international games organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) such as the Olympics. Infractions of the rules can lead to either the stoppage of play in the case of offside and icing calls, or a penalty call for more serious infractions.

During the 2004-05 lockout, the league changed some of the rules regarding being offside. First, the league removed the «offside pass» or «two-line pass» rule, which required a stoppage in play if a pass originating from inside a team’s defending zone was completed on the offensive side of the center line, unless the puck crossed the line before the player.[23] Furthermore, the league reinstated the «tag-up offside» which allows an attacking player a chance to get back onside by returning to the neutral zone.[23] The changes to the offside rule were one of several rule changes intended to increase overall scoring,[23] which had been in decline since the expansion years of the mid-nineties.

Another rule difference between the NHL and the IIHF rules concerns how icings are called. In the NHL, a linesman stops play due to icing if a defending player (other than the goaltender) touches the puck before an attacking player is able to,[24] in contrast to the IIHF rules where play is stopped the moment the puck crosses the goal line. As a result of the rule changes following the 2004-05 lockout, when a team is guilty of icing the puck they are not allowed to make a line change before the following faceoff.[24]  The rules for icing were  changed prior to the 2013-14 season to what is called «hybrid icing».  Hybrid icing is different from the previous version where that if the defending player (again other than the goaltender) reaches the line created by the two face off spots in the defensive zone before a player from the offending team.  This was done after pre-season trials in the NHL and regular season play in the AHL.  The impetus for the changes was the number of serious injuries that occured when players were trying to reach the puck next to the boards after skating in full stride and trying to stop «on a dime» before hitting the boards.

In regards to penalties, the NHL, in addition to the minor and double minor penalties called in IIHF games, calls major penalties which are more dangerous infractions of the rules, such as fighting, and have a duration of five minutes.[25] This is in contrast to the IIHF rule, in which players who fight are ejected from the game.[26] Usually a penalized team cannot replace a player that is penalized on the ice and is thus shorthanded for the duration of the penalty,[27] but if the penalties are coincidental, such as with fighting, both teams remain at full strength. Also, unlike minor penalties, major penalties must be served to their full completion, regardless of number of goals scored during the power play.[27]

The NHL and the NHLPA created a stringent anti-doping policy in the new CBA of September 2005. The policy provides for a 20-game penalty for a first positive test, 60 games for a second positive test, and a third offence resulting in a permanent ban.[28]

Trophies and awards

Hart Memorial Trophy on display at the Hockey Hall of Fame.

The National Hockey League presents several trophies each year. The most prestigious team award is the Stanley Cup, which is awarded to the league champion at the end of the Stanley Cup playoffs. The team that has the most points in the regular season is awarded the Presidents’ Trophy. There are also numerous trophies that are awarded to players based on their statistics during the regular season; they include, among others, the Art Ross Trophy for the league scoring champion (goals and assists), the Maurice ‘Rocket’ Richard Trophy for the goal-scoring leader, and the William M. Jennings Trophy for the goalkeeper(s) for the team with the fewest goals against them.[29] For the 2006–07 season these statistics-based trophies were awarded to Sidney Crosby of the Pittsburgh Penguins, Vincent Lecavalier of the Tampa Bay Lightning, and, dually, Niklas Bäckström and Manny Fernandez of the Minnesota Wild respectively.[29]

The other player trophies are voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers Association or the team general managers.[29] The most prestigious individual award is the Hart Memorial Trophy which is awarded annually to the Most Valuable Player; the voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association to judge the player who is the most valuable to his team during the regular season. The Vezina Trophy is awarded annually to the person deemed the best goalkeeper as voted on by the general managers of the teams in the NHL. The James Norris Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League’s top defenceman, the Calder Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the top rookie, and the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy is awarded to the player deemed to combine the highest degree of skill and sportsmanship; all three of these awards are voted on by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association.

The Hockey Hall of Fame in downtown Toronto.

In addition to the regular season awards, the Conn Smythe Trophy is awarded annually to the most valuable player during the NHL’s Stanley Cup playoffs. Furthermore, the top coach in the league wins the Jack Adams Award as selected by a poll of the National Hockey League Broadcasters Association. The National Hockey League publishes the names of the top three vote getters for all awards, and then names the award winner during the NHL Awards Ceremony.[29]

Players, coaches, officials, and team builders who have had notable careers are eligible to be voted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Players cannot enter until three years have passed since their last professional game, the shortest such time period of any major sport. One unique consequence has been Hall of Fame members (specifically, Gordie Howe, Guy Lafleur, and Mario Lemieux) coming out of retirement to play once more.[30] In the past, however, if a player was deemed significant enough, the pending period would be waived; only ten individuals have been honoured in this manner.[31] In 1999, Wayne Gretzky became the last player to have the three-year restriction waived,[31] and after Gretzky’s induction, the NHL declared that he would be the last to have the waiting period omitted.

Labour issues

There have been three league-wide work stoppages in NHL history, all happening between 1992 and 2005.
The first was a strike by the National Hockey League Players Association in April 1992 which lasted for 10 days, but the strike was settled quickly and all affected games were rescheduled.[32] A lockout at the start of the 1994–95 season forced the league to reduce the schedule from 84 games to just 48, with the teams playing only intra-conference games during the reduced season.[32] The resulting collective bargaining agreement was set for renegotiation in 1998 and extended to September 15, 2004.[33]

With no new agreement in hand when the existing contract expired on September 15, 2004, league commissioner Gary Bettman announced a lockout of the players union and cessation of operations by the NHL head office.[33] The lockout shut down the league for 310 days, the longest in sports history; the NHL was the first professional sports league to lose an entire season.[33] The league vowed to install what it dubbed «cost certainty» for its teams, but the NHL Players Association countered that the move was little more than a euphemism for a salary cap, which the union initially said it would not accept. A new collective bargaining agreement was ratified in July 2005 with a term of six years with an option of extending the collective bargaining agreement for an additional year at the end of the term, allowing the NHL to resume as of the 2005–06 season.[33]

On October 5, 2005, the first post-lockout NHL season took to the ice with 15 games, and consequently all 30 teams. Of those 15 games, 11 were in front of sell-out crowds.[34] The NHL received record attendance in the 2005–06 season. 20,854,169 fans, an average of 16,955 per game, was a 1.2% increase over the previous mark held in the 2001–02 season.[35] Also, the Montreal Canadiens, Colorado Avalanche, and the Vancouver Canucks sold out all of their home games;[35][36] all six Canadian teams played to 98% capacity or better at every home game.[35] 24 of the 30 clubs finished even or ahead of their 2003–04 mark. The Pittsburgh Penguins had the highest increase at 33%, mainly because of 18-year-old first overall draft pick Sidney Crosby. [35][37]

Popularity

The NHL is considered one of the four major professional sports leagues in the USA, along with Major League Baseball, the National Football League, and the National Basketball Association. Hockey has the smallest total fan base of the four leagues, the smallest revenue from television, and the least sponsorship. In contrast, hockey is the most popular of these four major sports in Canada. The NHL fan base is also the most affluent and well educated of the four.[38] NHL season ticket prices have traditionally been higher (given the number of games per season) than the other sports.

Television and radio

In Canada, National Hockey League games are aired nationally by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and The Sports Network (TSN). Regional games are broadcast by a number of networks including Rogers Sportsnet (RSN). French language games are broadcast by the Réseau des sports (RDS), but no longer is on Radio-Canada (the French-language counterpart of the CBC), which created a controversy in French-speaking Canada. The program Hockey Night in Canada, usually aired on Saturday nights on CBC, is a long-standing Canadian tradition since first airing on television in 1952,[39][40] and even prior to that on radio since the 1920s. During the playoffs, the CBC airs all games that involve Canadian teams and the Stanley Cup finals; TSN airs certain other games during the first three rounds.

In the United States NHL games are aired nationally by Versus (previously the «Outdoor Life Network» and «OLN»), and by NBC.[41] NBC replaced the previous over-the-air network, ABC, and has a revenue-sharing agreement with the NHL. Versus replaced ESPN as the cable network; Comcast, which owns Versus, offered a two-year $120 million agreement, while ESPN offered a revenue sharing agreement.[41] In addition, select games are broadcast in high definition on the HDNet cable channel.

Versus has about 20 million fewer subscribers than ESPN, but Comcast switched Versus from a digital tier to basic cable to make NHL games available to more cable subscribers.[41] For Versus the NHL coverage was a good addition as Versus’ ratings grew by about 275% when it showed an NHL game,[41], but television ratings in the United States have seen record lows.[42] Versus posted a 0.4 rating for the 2006 playoffs while ESPN posted a 0.7 rating two years ago; NBC posted a rating of 1.1, compared to ABC’s 1.5 rating two years ago.[43]

In Canada, for the first four games of the Stanley Cup finals, the CBC averaged 2.63 million viewers, and RDS averaged 346,000 viewers.[44] In the United States ratings fared worse due to the inclusion of two small-market teams, including one Canadian team; the first two games on Versus posted a 0.9 rating (621,000 households), and game 3 and game 4 on NBC had ratings of 1.6 and 2.0 respectively (1.7 million and 2.2 million households).[44] In 1994, when the New York Rangers were involved, game 7 of the Stanley Cup finals posted a rating of 5.2.[45] Game 7 of the 2006 Stanley Cup finals gained the highest Stanley Cup rating in the series with a rating of 3.5 (3.8 million households),[46] but it was down from the previous season’s game 7 final.[46]

XM Satellite Radio is the official satellite radio broadcaster of the NHL, as of July 1, 2007. Between September 2005 and June 2007, the NHL’s broadcasting rights were shared with both XM and Sirius Satellite Radio and were broadcast on just Sirius before the NHL lockout. XM used to broadcast more than 80% of NHL games, including all the play-offs and finals. Starting with the 2007-08 season, XM will broadcast every game.

Outside of North America, NHL games are broadcast across Europe on NASN (North American Sports Network) which takes feeds from Versus, FSN, TSN and CBC, including Hockey Night in Canada. Games can also be seen in the UK on Five.

Executives

The chief executive of the league is Commissioner Gary Bettman. Some of the principal decision-makers who serve under the authority of the commissioner include:

  • Deputy Commissioner & Chief Legal Officer: Bill Daly
  • Executive VP & CFO: Craig Harnett
  • Chief Operating Officer: Steve McArdle; previously held by John Collins
  • Executive VP & Director of Hockey Operations: Colin Campbell
  • NHL Enterprises: Ed Horne
  • Senior Vice-President of Player Safety: George Parros[47]

See also

  • List of all-time NHL leaders
  • List of NHL Owners
  • Chi-Kit Wong, John (2005). Lords of the Rinks. 
  • Coleman, Charles (1966-1969). Trail of the Stanley Cup, vols. 1-3. 
  • Holzman, Morey (2002). Deceptions and Doublecross. 
List of NHL-related topics
History Original Six · 1967 NHL Expansion · Timeline of the National Hockey League · List of NHL seasons · Most frequent NHL playoff series · Stanley Cup champions · Rivalries · Defunct teams · Retired numbers
NHL personnel List of NHL players · NHL statistical leaders (by country of birth) · NHL players with 1000 points · NHL players with 500 goals · NHL players with 100 point seasons · List of famous ice hockey linemates · NHL head coaches · NHL General Managers · Notable families in the NHL · NHL Presidents and Commissioners
Records Individual records · Team records · League records · Post-season streaks · Post-season droughts · Wayne Gretzky’s records · 50 goals in 50 games
Related leagues, tournaments and games International competitions · National Women’s Hockey League · American Hockey League · World Cup of Hockey · NHL All-Star Game · NHL Challenge · NHL All-Star Celebrity Challenge · World Hockey Association
Other NHL arenas · NHL Entry Draft · NHL awards · NHL All-Rookie Team · NHL trade deadline · NHL player salaries · Violence in ice hockey · NHL mascots

References

  • McFarlane, Brian (1997). Brian McFarlane’s History of Hockey. Champaign, IL: Sports Publishing Inc. ISBN 1-57167-145-5. 
  • National Hockey League (2005). 2005–06 NHL Official Rules. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-10.

Notes

  1. ↑ Marsh, James (2006). National Hockey League. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2006-06-11.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 [McFarlane], pp.15-16
  3. ↑ Toronto Arena Hockey Club was founded in October 1918. Holzman, Morey (2002). Deceptions and Doublecross. 
  4. ↑ [McFarlane], pp.5
  5. ↑ [McFarlane], pp.116-117,119
  6. ↑ [McFarlane], pp.166-167
  7. ↑ National Hockey League (2006). Time of match. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-12-02.
  8. ↑ Oh, what a night … and morning. Stars-Canucks ranks sixth among longest OT games.. Sports Illustrated (2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named list_stanley_cup
  10. ↑ ESPN (1999-12-31). The 10 greatest teams. ESPN.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-26.
  11. ↑ CBC Sports Online. «NHL ramps up rivalries», CBC.com, July 27, 2005. Retrieved on June 6, 2006. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Playoff formats. NHL.com (2005). Retrieved on June 6, 2006.
  13. ↑ TSN.ca. Statistics (Forwards). TSN.ca. Retrieved on 2020-10-10.
  14. ↑ TSN.ca. Statistics (Defencemen. TSN.ca. Retrieved on accessdate = 2020-10-10.
  15. ↑ 2019-20 NHL Leaders: League Leaders. Hockey Reference. Retrieved on 2020-10-10.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Wigge, Larry (2002-02-25). New world order: as the Olympics have shown, the influx of players from across the Atlantic has brought a sea change to the NHL game. The Sporting News. Retrieved on 2006-06-11.
  17. ↑ Beacon, Bill (199-06-27). Canadians left behind as NHL goes for firepower. Canadian Press. Retrieved on 2006-06-11.
  18. ↑ IWHC.net (2006-05-16). NHL still likes Czechs best. IWHC.net. Retrieved on 2006-06-09.
  19. ↑ National Hockey League (2005). Dimensions of Rink. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-08.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 National Hockey League (2005). Division of ice surface. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-08.
  21. ↑ National Hockey League (2005). Goal crease. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-08.
  22. ↑ National Hockey League (2005). Goalkeeper’s Penalties. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-26.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 CBC sports (2005-07-22). Relaunching the Game. CBC.com. Archived from the original on 2005-08-06. Retrieved on 2006-06-10.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 National Hockey League (2005). Icing the puck. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-08.
  25. ↑ National Hockey League (2005). Major penalties. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-08.
  26. ↑ CBC.ca (2006). Ice Hockey Essentials — International vs. NHL. NHL.com. Archived from the original on 2006-02-21. Retrieved on 2006-06-26.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 National Hockey League (2005). Minor penalties. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-08.
  28. ↑ Laurie, Scott (2005-09-28). NHL unveils new drug testing policy. CTV. Retrieved on 2007-01-02.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 NHL announces 2006–07 trophy finalists. NHL.com (2007-05-01). Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
  30. ↑ Canadian Press (2005-11-7). Roy on deck for 2006, ‘mayhem’ in 2007. tsn.ca. Retrieved on 2006-06-08.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 phoenixcoyotes.com (2006-05-31). Wayne Gretzky signs five-year contract as head coach. phoenixcoyotes.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-09.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 CBC Sports (2004-01-29). We’ve been here before. cbc.ca. Archived from the original on 2004-02-21. Retrieved on 2006-06-09.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Staudohar, Paul D. (December 2005). «The hockey lockout of 2004–05». Monthly Labor Review. 
  34. ↑ NHL.com (2005-10-06). NHL returns with packed arenas, single-date attendance record. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-09.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 Molinaro, John (2006-04-20). A season to remember. CBC.ca. Archived from the original on 2006-06-18. Retrieved on 2006-06-09.
  36. ↑ Mackin, Bob (2006-04-18). Canucks abuse fan trust. Slam Sports. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
  37. ↑ Finder, Chuck (2005-8-19). Penguins ticket sales hit the roof. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved on 2006-12-11.
  38. ↑ [1]
  39. ↑ CBC.ca (2005). HNIC in 2005-06. CBC.ca. Archived from the original on 2004-12-08. Retrieved on 2006-06-19.
  40. ↑ CBC.ca (2005). Hockey Night in Canada: A history of excellence. CBC.ca. Archived from the original on 2004-12-08. Retrieved on 2006-06-19.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 Weiner, Evan (2006-06-16). Don’t Believe the Gripe: The NHL Is Back. nysun.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-19.
  42. ↑ Lebrun, Pierre (2006-06-19). Post-lockout NHL a success, capped by thrilling seven-game final. Canadian Press. Retrieved on 2006-06-19.
  43. ↑ Cornell, Christopher (2006-06-05). NHL TV Ratings Suffer. All Headline news. Retrieved on 2006-09-20.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Narducci, Marc (2006-06-16). Snider says low ratings don’t tell hockey’s story. Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved on 2006-06-19.
  45. ↑ Reed, Tom (2006-06-05). NHL ratings toppling like dominoes. Akron Beacon Journal. Retrieved on 2006-06-15.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Press, Associated (2006-06-21). Game 7 ratings down 21 percent from ’04. AP. Retrieved on 2006-06-21.
  47. ↑ Parros to head Department of Player Safety, focus on slashing.

External links

  • Official NHL Webpage
  • NHL Player’s Association (NHLPA)
  • National Hockey League Fan’s Association
  • The Internet Hockey Database
  • The NHL Officials Association Website
National Hockey League
Western Conference Eastern Conference
Pacific Division
Anaheim Ducks
Calgary Flames
Edmonton Oilers
Los Angeles Kings
San Jose Sharks
Seattle Kraken
Vancouver Canucks
Vegas Golden Knights
Central Division
Arizona Coyotes
Chicago Blackhawks
Colorado Avalanche
Dallas Stars
Minnesota Wild
Nashville Predators
St. Louis Blues
Winnipeg Jets
Atlantic Division
Boston Bruins
Buffalo Sabres
Detroit Red Wings
Florida Panthers
Montreal Canadiens
Ottawa Senators
Tampa Bay Lightning
Toronto Maple Leafs
Metropolitan Division
Carolina Hurricanes
Columbus Blue Jackets
New Jersey Devils
New York Islanders
New York Rangers
Philadelphia Flyers
Pittsburgh Penguins
Washington Capitals
Structure Playoffs (Streaks • Droughts • All-time playoff series) • Conference Finals • Finals
Annual events Seasons • Stanley Cup (Champions • Winning players • Traditions and anecdotes) • Presidents’ Trophy • All-Star Game • Draft • Awards • All-Star Teams
Players List of players • Association • Retired jersey numbers • Captains
History Lore • Organizational changes :: • Defunct teams • NHA • Original Six • 1967 Expansion • WHA Merger • Lockouts
Others Outdoor games (Winter Classic • Heritage Classic • Stadium Series) • Potential expansion • Hall of Fame (Members) • Rivalries • Arenas • Rules • Fighting • Violence : International games • Kraft Hockeyville • Collective bargaining agreement • Television and radio coverage
Category • 2020–21 Season • 2021–22 Season • 2022–23 Season
Источник
National Hockey League
2021-22 NHL Season
NHL Shield.png
Sport Ice hockey
Founded 1917
No. of teams 32
Country(ies) Flag of Canada Canada
Flag of the United States United States
Most recent champion(s) Tampa Bay Lightning
TV partner(s) CAN: Sportsnet/CBC/TVA Sports
USA: ABC/ESPN/TNT/TBS
Official website NHL.com

The National Hockey League (NHL) (French:Ligue nationale de hockey (LNH)) is a North American professional ice hockey league. Founded in 1917, the NHL is internationally regarded as the best ice hockey league worldwide, and top talent from all across the globe play in the league,[1] and one of the North American major professional sports leagues. The NHL is divided into two conferences, each of which consists of two divisions.

The league was founded in 1917 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada with four teams, and through a series of expansions, contractions and relocations, the league is now composed of 31 teams, 24 of which are based in the United States and seven in Canada. After a labour dispute that led to the cancellation of the entire 2004–05 season, the league has staged a successful comeback, including revenue and profit growth.

Because the sport originated in Canada, Canadians have historically constituted a large majority of the players in the NHL. Over the past 30 years, the percentages of American and European players have increased because of the NHL’s continued expansion into the United States, its high standard of play compared to other leagues, and the availability of highly skilled European players. Nevertheless, more than half of the league’s players on the 2005–06 roster were born in Canada.

The Tampa Bay Lightning are the current defending champions of the Stanley Cup, the league’s championship trophy, after winning the 2021 playoffs. The Colorado Avalanche are the current regular season champions (winners of the Presidents’ Trophy).

History

French version of NHL shield

Early and Original Six Eras

After a series of disputes in the Canadian National Hockey Association (NHA) between Eddie Livingstone, owner of the Toronto Blueshirts and the owners of other teams, the owners of the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, and Quebec Bulldogs met at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal to talk about the NHA’s future.[2] Their discussions eventually led to the creation of the National Hockey League in 1917; the founding teams were the Canadiens, Wanderers and Senators. A Toronto franchise, because of the dispute, was given temporarily to the Toronto Arena Corp to operate, and is often referred to as the Arenas, though they operated without a nickname.[3][2]

Montreal Canadiens in 1942.

Even though the league struggled to stay in business during its first decade, the NHL’s teams were very successful on the ice; only once, in 1925, did a team from any other league win the Stanley Cup, and by 1926 the NHL was the only league competing for the Cup.[4] The NHL then started a process of expansion: the Boston Bruins (the first U.S.-based NHL franchise) and Montreal Maroons entered the league in 1924–25; the New York Americans and the Pittsburgh Pirates entered in the 1925–26 season; and the New York Rangers, Chicago Black Hawks (now spelled Blackhawks), and Detroit Cougars (now known as the Red Wings) entered in the 1926–27 season, raising the number of teams in the NHL to ten. The Great Depression and the onset of World War II, took a toll on the league, and by 1942 the NHL was reduced to six teams. These six teams (the Montreal Canadiens, Toronto Maple Leafs, Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Black Hawks, Boston Bruins, and New York Rangers) are collectively known as the Original Six, and for the next quarter-century were the only teams in the National Hockey League.

First Expansion Era

By the mid 1960s, the desire for a network television contract in the U.S., and concerns that the Western Hockey League was planning to declare itself a major league and challenge for the Stanley Cup, spurred the NHL to undertake its first expansion since the 1920s. Six new teams were added to the NHL roster in 1967, and placed in their own newly-created division. The teams were the Philadelphia Flyers, St. Louis Blues, Minnesota North Stars, Los Angeles Kings, Oakland Seals, and Pittsburgh Penguins. Three years later, the NHL added the Vancouver Canucks and Buffalo Sabres.

Second Expansion Era

In 1972, the World Hockey Association (WHA) was formed, and its status as a potential rival to the NHL did not go unnoticed. In response, the NHL decided to rush its own expansion plans by adding the New York Islanders and Atlanta Flames (which soon became the Calgary Flames) in 1972 to forestall WHA franchises in newly constructed arenas in those markets, followed by the addition of the Kansas City Scouts and Washington Capitals two years later.[5] The two leagues fought for the rights of players and fans until the WHA folded in 1979 as part of an agreement whereby four of the remaining six WHA teams would enter the NHL as expansion teams: the Hartford Whalers (now the Carolina Hurricanes, 1997-present), Québec Nordiques (now the Colorado Avalanche, 1996-present), Edmonton Oilers, and Winnipeg Jets (now the Phoenix Coyotes, 1996-present).[6]

Third Expansion Era

After a period of stability in the 1980s, the NHL further expanded with nine new franchises in ten years. The San Jose Sharks entered in 1991; a season later the Ottawa Senators would return to the NHL along with the addition of the Tampa Bay Lightning. In 1993, the league added two additional teams, the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and the Florida Panthers. Next came the Nashville Predators in 1998, the Atlanta Thrashers in 1999, and then the Minnesota Wild and the Columbus Blue Jackets in 2000, bringing the total to 30 teams. In 2011 the Thrashers moved to Winnipeg, and became the new Winnipeg Jets.

2017 Expansion

On June 22, 2016, Commissioner Bettman announced that Las Vegas, Nevada was chosen unanimously to become the 31st member team. The ownership group of the team had run a season ticket campaign which landed 14,000 season ticket deposits and sold all of the suites at the T-Mobile Arena.

The other group in the running for an expansion team Quebec City was deferred at this point an not rejected. Three main reasons were cited by the commissioner during the announcement of the expansion vote; the geographic imbalance of the league with 16 teams in the east and 15 now in the west. The present weakness and volatility of the Canadian dollar (which has dipped to as low as $.68) during the year long expansion process, and difficulty for the existing teams to prep for two new teams entering the league at once as each team will lose one player in the upcoming expansion draft. Quebecor (the group backing the Quebec City bid) stated we want it to be a success and we need to be patient, timing has to be right we already lost the Nordiques once we don’t want to lose them twice. The league did not give a time frame for the reevaluation of the Quebec City bid, but Quebec City is said to be on the league’s radar screen they are aware of the interest and capabilities of the people and ownership group in Quebec City.

On November 22, 2016, the name of the Las Vegas team was revealed as being the Vegas Golden Knights.

Game

Hockey_Best

Hockey Best

☆★_NHL_★☆_GAME_OF_THE_YEAR!?_10_6_09

☆★ NHL ★☆ GAME OF THE YEAR!? 10 6 09

Original NHL logo, used before 2005. A version of the logo features it in the likeness of a hockey puck.

Each National Hockey League regulation game is an ice hockey game played between two teams and is 60 minutes long. The game is composed of three 20-minute periods with an intermission of either 15½ or 17 minutes (if nationally televised) between periods.[7] Television timeouts are taken at the first stoppage of play after 6, 10, and 14 minutes of elapsed time unless there is a power play or the first stoppage is the result of a goal. In these cases the timeout will occur at the first stoppage after the penalty expires or the second stoppage after the goal. At the end of the 60 minute regulation time, the team with the most goals wins the game. If a game is tied after regulation time, overtime ensues. During the regular season, overtime is a five-minute, four-player on four-player sudden-death period, in which the first team to score a goal wins the game. Until the 2005–06 season, if no team was able to score in the 5 minute overtime, the game ended in a tie. For the 2015-16 season the overtime was changed to 3-on-3 for the five minute overtime

Beginning in 2005–06, if the game is still tied at the end of overtime, the game enters a shootout. Three players for each team in turn take a penalty shot. The team with the most goals during the three round shootout wins the game. If the game is still tied after the three shootout rounds, the shootout continues, but becomes sudden death. Whichever team ultimately wins the shootout is awarded a goal in the game score and thus awarded two points in the standings. The losing team in overtime or shootout is awarded only one. Shootout goals and saves are not tracked in hockey statistics; shootout statistics are tracked separately.

Shootouts do not occur during the playoffs. In the playoffs, sudden-death 20-minute five-on-five periods are played until one team scores. While a game could theoretically continue forever, only four games have reached five overtime periods, two have reached six, and none have gone beyond six.[8]

Teams

The National Hockey League originated in 1917 with four teams, and through a sequence of team expansions, reductions, and relocations currently consists of 31 teams, 24 of which are based in the United States and 7 in Canada.

Team Locations as of 2017-18 season

The Montreal Canadiens are the most successful franchise with 24 Stanley Cup championships; in the four major North American professional sports leagues the Montreal Canadiens are only surpassed in the number of championships by the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball, who have 3 more. The next most successful franchise is the Toronto Maple Leafs with 13 Stanley Cups, but they have not won a championship since 1967. The Detroit Red Wings, with ten Stanley Cups, is the most successful American franchise. The longest streak of winning the Stanley Cup in consecutive years is five, held by the Montreal Canadiens from 1955-56 to 1959-60; the New York Islanders (1980-1983) and the Montreal Canadiens (1976-1979) have four-year championship streaks.[9] The 1977 edition of the Montreal Canadiens, the second of four straight Stanley Cup champions, was named by ESPN as the second greatest sports team of all-time.[10]

Of all the major leagues in North America, the NHL is the only league to field teams that play in two countries’ capital cities, Ottawa and Washington, D.C.

The league divides the teams into two conferences. Each conference has two divisions, and each division has seven (Central)or eight (Atlantic, Metropolitan, Pacific) teams. This change was made in an attempt to cut down on the travel. The previous organization had roots in the 1998–99 season where a league realignment added two divisions to bring the total number of divisions to six; the current team alignment began with the 2000–2001 season when the Minnesota Wild and the Columbus Blue Jackets joined the league as expansion teams. The newest team alignment happened in after the 2012-2013 season due to the move of the Atlanta Thrashers to Winnipeg. On December 5, 2011, the NHL Board of Governors proposed a relocation plan. The NHLPA rejected it and said to wait for the Draft to see if they would change their decision. In February 2013, they proposed the idea again. On March 7, 2013, the NHLPA approved the plan which would move the Detroit Red Wings and Columbus Blue Jackets to the Eastern conference and the Winnipeg Jets to the Western conference. The realignment started in the 2013/2014 season. The current league organization divides the teams into two conferences, the Eastern and Western. Each conference has two divisions. The Eastern conference includes the Atlantic and Metropolitan divisions. The Western conference includes the Pacific and Central divisions.

Eastern Conference

Division Team City Arena Capacity Joined NHL
Atlantic Boston Bruins Boston, Massachusetts TD Garden 17,565 1924
Buffalo Sabres Buffalo, New York KeyBank Center 18,690 1970
Detroit Red Wings Detroit, Michigan Little Caesars Arena 20,066 1926
Florida Panthers Sunrise, Florida BB&T Center 19,452 1993
Montreal Canadiens Montreal, Quebec Bell Centre 21,273 1917
Ottawa Senators Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Tire Centre 20,500 1992
Tampa Bay Lightning Tampa, Florida Amalie Arena 19,500 1992
Toronto Maple Leafs Toronto, Ontario Scotiabank Arena 18,800 1917
Metroplitan Carolina Hurricanes Raleigh, North Carolina PNC Arena 18,639 1979
Columbus Blue Jackets Columbus, Ohio Nationwide Arena 18,136 2000
New Jersey Devils Newark, New Jersey Prudential Center 17,625 1974
New York Islanders Brooklyn, New York
Uniondale, New York 		Barclays Center
Nassau Coliseum 		16,234
13,900 		1972
New York Rangers New York, New York Madison Square Garden 18,200 1926
Philadelphia Flyers Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Wells Fargo Center 19,500 1967
Pittsburgh Penguins Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania PPG Paints Arena 18,087 1967
Washington Capitals Washington, D.C. Capital One Arena 18,277 1974

Western Conference

Division Team City Arena Capacity Joined NHL
Central Arizona Coyotes Glendale, Arizona Gila River Arena 18,000 1979
Chicago Blackhawks Chicago, Illinois United Center 19,717 1926
Colorado Avalanche Denver, Colorado Ball Arena 18,007 1979
Dallas Stars Dallas, Texas American Airlines Center 18,500 1967
Minnesota Wild St. Paul, Minnesota Xcel Energy Center 18,568 2000
Nashville Predators Nashville, Tennessee Bridgestone Arena 17,113 1998
St. Louis Blues St. Louis, Missouri Enterprise Center 19,022 1967
Winnipeg Jets Winnipeg, Manitoba Bell MTS Place 18,750 2011
Pacific Anaheim Ducks Anaheim, California Honda Center 17,174 1993
Calgary Flames Calgary, Alberta Scotiabank Saddledome 19,289 1972
Edmonton Oilers Edmonton, Alberta Rogers Place 18,641 1979
Los Angeles Kings Los Angeles, California Staples Center 18,118 1967
San Jose Sharks San Jose, California SAP Center at San Jose 17,496 1991
Seattle Kraken Seattle, Washington Climate Pledge Arena 17,100 2021
Vancouver Canucks Vancouver, British Columbia Rogers Arena 18,630 1970
Vegas Golden Knights Las Vegas, Nevada T-Mobile Arena 17,368 2017

Former Member Teams

  • Montreal Wanderers — folded after arena fire
  • Quebec Bulldogs — moved to Hamilton
  • Ottawa Senators — won the Cup several times before becoming the St. Louis Eagles
  • Hamilton Tigers franchise rights transferred to New York Americans
  • Toronto Arenas/Toronto St. Pats — became the Toronto Maple Leafs
  • Montreal Maroons — folded
  • New York Americans — moved to Brooklyn
  • Detroit Cougars/Detroit Falcons — became the Detroit Red Wings
  • Pittsburgh Pirates — moved to Philadelphia
  • Philadelphia Quakers — folded
  • St. Louis Eagles — folded
  • Brooklyn Americans — folded
  • Minnesota North Stars — moved to Dallas, won the cup
  • Oakland Seals/California Golden Seals — moved to Cleveland
  • Cleveland Barons — merged with the North Stars
  • Atlanta Flames — moved to Calgary, won the cup
  • Kansas City Scouts — moved to Denver
  • Colorado Rockies — moved to New Jersey, won the cup
  • Quebec Nordiques — moved to Denver, won the cup
  • Winnipeg Jets — moved to Phoenix
  • Hartford Whalers — moved to Raleigh (North Carolina), won the cup
  • Atlanta Thrashers — moved to Winnipeg

Team/Venue Listing (Chronological)

Team Location Arenas Tenure Notes
Montreal Canadiens Montreal, Quebec Montreal Arena (1917-January 2, 1918),
Jubilee Arena (January 3, 1918-1919
Mount Royal Arena (1919-1926),
Montreal Forum (1926-1996)
Bell Centre (1996-present)
(known as Molson Centre 1996-2002)		 1917-present
Montreal Wanderers Montreal, Quebec Montreal Arena 1917-1918 withdrew on January 4, 1918 after arena burned down on January 2, 1918
Ottawa Senators (original) Ottawa, Ontario Dey’s Arena (1917-1923),
Ottawa Auditorium (1923-1931)		 1917-1931 suspend operations for 1931-1932 season
Toronto Hockey Club Toronto, Ontario Arena Gardens 1917-1918 reorganized as Toronto Arenas
Toronto Arenas Toronto, Ontario Arena Gardens 1918-1919 withdrew February 20, 1919
Quebec Bulldogs Quebec City, Quebec Quebec Arena 1919-1920 franchise sold and relocated to Hamilton, Ontario; renamed Hamilton Tigers (NHL)
Toronto St. Patricks Toronto, Ontario Arena Gardens 1919-1927 renamed Toronto Maple Leafs
Hamilton Tigers (NHL) Hamilton, Ontario Barton Street Arena 1920-1925 franchise revoked; players form nuclues of New York Americans
Boston Bruins Boston, Massachusetts Boston Arena (1924-1928);
Boston Garden (1928-1995);
TD Garden (1995-present)
(planned to be known as the Shawmut Center but was renamed when bank merged with Fleet Bank), FleetCenter 1995–2005, From February 10, 1995 to March 13, 1995 between naming rights deals the name changed daily as a charity fundraiser),  TD Banknorth Garden 2005–2009)		 1924-present
Montreal Maroons Montreal, Quebec Montreal Forum 1924-1938 suspend operations; franchise cancelled in 1947 after several attempts to restart franchise fell through
New York Americans New York, New York Madison Square Garden (1925) 1925-1941 renamed Brooklyn Americans but do not move
Pittsburgh Pirates (NHL) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Duquesne Gardens 1925-1930 relocated to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; renamed Philadelphia Quakers (NHL)
Chicago Black Hawks Chicago, Illinois Chicago Coliseum (1926-1929);
Chicago Stadium (1929-1994); United Center (1994-present)		 1926-1986 renamed Chicago Blackhawks when its discovered original team charter was worded as such
Detroit Cougars (NHL) Windsor, Ontario (1926-1927);
Detroit, Michigan (1927-1930)		 Border Cities Arena (1926-1927); 
Olympia Stadium (1927-1930)		 1926-1930 renamed Detroit Falcons (NHL)
New York Rangers New York, New York Madison Square Garden (1925) (1926-1968);
Madison Square Garden (1968-present)		 1926-present
Toronto Maple Leafs Toronto, Ontario Arena Gardens (1927-1931);
Maple Leaf Gardens (1931-1999);
Scotiabank Arena (1999-present)
(known as Air Canada Centre 1999-2018)		 1927-present
Detroit Falcons (NHL) Detroit, Michigan Olympia Stadium 1930-1932 franchise renamed Detroit Red Wings when sold out of bankruptcy
Philadelphia Quakers (NHL) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Philadelphia Arena 1930-1931 folded
Ottawa Senators (original) Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa Auditorium 1932-1934 relocated to St. Louis, Missouri; renamed St. Louis Eagles
Detroit Red Wings Detroit, Michigan Olympia Stadium (1932-1979);
Joe Louis Arena (1979-2017); Little Caesars Arena (2017-present)		 1932-present
St. Louis Eagles St. Louis, Missouri St. Louis Arena 1934-1935 suspend operations; franchise sold back to league
California Seals Oakland, California Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum 1967-1967 renamed Oakland Seals partway through 1967-68 season
Los Angeles Kings Los Angeles, California Long Beach Arena (1967),
The Forum (Inglewood, California) (1967-1999)
(known as Great Western Forum 1988-2003),
Staples Center (1999-present)		 1967-present
Minnesota North Stars Bloomington, Minnesota Met Center 1967-1993 relocated to Dallas, Texas; renamed Dallas Stars
Philadelphia Flyers Philadelphia, Pennsylvania The Spectrum (1967-1996),
Wells Fargo Center (1996-present)
(known as CoreStates Center 1996-1998, First Union Center 1998-2003, Wachovia Center 2003-2010)		 1967-present
Pittsburgh Penguins Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh Civic Arena 1967-2010 (known as Mellon Arena 1999-2010),
PPG Paints Arena (2010-present)
(known as Consol Energy Center 2010-2016)		 1967-present
St. Louis Blues St. Louis, Missouri St. Louis Arena (1967-1994)
(known as The Checkerdome 1977-1983),
Enterprise Center (1994-present)
(known as Kiel Center 1994-2000, Savvis Center 2000-2006, Scottrade Center 2006-2018)		 1967-present
Oakland Seals Oakland, California Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum 1967-1970 renamed California Golden Seals early in 1970-71 season
Buffalo Sabres Buffalo, New York The Aud (1970-1996),
KeyBank Center (1996-present)
(known as Marine Midland Arena 1996-2000, HSBC Arena 2000-2011, First Niagara Center 2011-2016)		 1970-present
Vancouver Canucks Vancouver, British Columbia Pacific Coliseum (1970-1995),
Rogers Arena (1995-present)
(known as General Motors Place (1995-2010))		 1970-present
California Golden Seals Oakland, California Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum 1970-1976 relocated to Cleveland, Ohio; renamed Cleveland Barons
Atlanta Flames Atlanta Flames The Omni 1972-1980 relocated to Calgary, Alberta; renamed Calgary Flames
New York Islanders Uniondale, New York (1972-2015, 2018-present), New York, New York (2015-present) Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum (1972-2015, 2018-present)
Barclays Center (2015-present)		 1972-present
Kansas City Scouts Kansas City, Missouri Kemper Arena 1974-1976 relocated to Denver, Colorado; renamed Colorado Rockies
Washington Capitals Landover, Maryland (1974-1997)
Washington, DC (1997-present)		 Capital Centre (1974-1997)
(known as USAir Arena (1993-1996), US Airways Arena (1996-1997),
Capital One Arena (1997-present)
(known as MCI Center 1997-2006, Verizon Center 2006-2017)		 1974-present
Cleveland Barons Richfield, Ohio Richfield Coliseum 1976-1978 merged into Minnesota North Stars; would later be technically de-merged to form San Jose Sharks
Colorado Rockies Denver, Colorado McNichols Sports Arena 1976-1982 relocated to East Rutherford, New Jersey; renamed New Jersey Devils
Edmonton Oilers Edmonton, Alberta Northlands Coliseum
(known as Edmonton Coliseum 1995–1998 Skyreach Centre 1998–2003, Rexall Place 2003–2016)
Rogers Place (2016-present)		 1979-present
Hartford Whalers Springfield, Massachusetts (1979-1980),
Hartford, Connecticut (1980-1997)		 Springfield Civic Center (1979-February 3, 1980)
(22 games due to arena closure and then availability in Hartford), 
Hartford Civic Center (January 11, 1980-1997)		 1979-1997 relocated temporarily to Greensboro, North Carolina pending arena being built in Raleigh, North Carolina; renamed Carolina Hurricanes
Quebec Nordiques Quebec City, Quebec Colisee de Quebec 1979-1995 relocated to Denver, Colorado; renamed Colorado Avalanche
Winnipeg Jets (1972-1996) Winnipeg, Manitoba Winnipeg Arena 1979-1996 relocated to Phoenix, Arizona; renamed Phoenix Coyotes
Calgary Flames Calgary, Alberta Stampede Corral (1980-1983),
Scotiabank Saddledome (1983-present)
(known as Olympic Saddledome 1983-1995, Canadian Airlines Saddledome 1995-2000, Pengrowth Saddledome 2000-2010)		 1980-present
New Jersey Devils East Rutherford, New Jersey (1982-2007),
Newark, New Jersey (2007-present)		 Continental Airlines Arena (1982-2007)
(known as Brendan Byrne Arena 1982-1996)
Prudential Center (2007-present)		 1982-present
Chicago Blackhawks Chicago, Illinois Chicago Stadium (1986-1994);
United Center (1994-present)		 1986-present
San Jose Sharks Daly City, California (1991-1993)
San Jose, California (1993-present)		 Cow Palace (1991-1993),
SAP Center (1993-present)
(known as San Jose Arena 1993-2001, Compaq Center 2001-2002, HP Pavillion 2002-2013)		 1991-present
Ottawa Senators Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa Civic Center (1992-January 1996),
Canadian Tire Centre (January 1996-present)
(known as The Palladium Jan. 1996-Feb. 1996, Corel Centre 1996-2006, Scotiabank Place 2006-2013)		 1992-present
Tampa Bay Lightning Tampa, Florida (1992-1993, 1996-present)
St. Petersburg, Florida (1993-1996)		 Expo Hall (1992-1993),
Thunderdome (1993-1996),
Amalie Arena (1996-present)
(known as the Ice Palace 1996-2002, St. Pete Times Forum 2002-2012,Tampa Bay Times Forum 2012-2014)		 1992-present
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim Anaheim, California Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim 1993-2006 renamed Anaheim Ducks
Florida Panthers Miami, Florida (1993-1998),
Sunrise, Florida (1998-present)		 Miami Arena (1993-1998),
BB&T Center (1998-present)
(known as National Car Rental Center 1998-2002, Office Depot Center 2002-2005, and Bank Atlantic Center 2005-2012)		 1993-present
Dallas Stars Dallas, Texas Reunion Arena (1993-2001),
American Airlines Center (2001-present)		 1993-present
Colorado Avalanche Denver, Colorado McNichols Arena (1995-1999),
Ball Arena (1999-present)
(known as Pepsi Center 1999-2020)		 1995-present
Phoenix Coyotes Phoenix, Arizona (1996-2003)
Glendale, Arizona (2003-2014)		 America West Arena (1996-2003),
Jobing.com Arena (2003-2014)
(known as Glendale Arena 2003-2006)		 1996-2014 renamed Arizona Coyotes
Carolina Hurricanes Greensboro, North Carolina (1997-1999),
Raleigh, North Carolina (1999-present)		 Greensboro Coliseum (1997-1999),
PNC Arena (1999-present)
(known as Raleigh Entertainment & Sports Arena 1999-2002 and RBC Center 2002-2012)		 1997-present
Nashville Predators Nashville, Tennessee Bridgestone Arena
(known as Nashville Arena 1996-1999, 2007, 2010, Gaylord Entertainment Center 1999-2007, and Sommet Center 2007-2010)		 1998-present
Atlanta Thrashers Atlanta, Georgia Phillips Arena 1999-2011 relocated to Winnipeg, Manitoba; renamed Winnipeg Jets
Columbus Blue Jackets Columbus, Ohio Nationwide Arena 2000-present
Minnesota Wild St. Paul, Minnesota Xcel Energy Center 2000-present
Anaheim Ducks Anaheim, California Honda Center 2006-present
Winnipeg Jets Winnipeg, Manitoba Bell MTS Place
(known as MTS Centre 2011-2017)		 2011-present
Arizona Coyotes Glendale, Arizona Gila River Arena 2014-present
Vegas Golden Knights Paradise, Nevada T-Mobile Arena 2017-present
Seattle Kraken Seattle, Washington Climate Pledge Arena 2021-expansion

Outdoor Games/Venues

(regular season only)

Event Location Venue Date Notes
2003 Heritage Classic Edmonton, Alberta Commonwealth Stadium (Edmonton) November 22, 2003
2008 Winter Classic Orchard Park, New York Ralph Wilson Stadium
(known as Rich Stadium 1973-1998, New Era Field 2016–2020, Bills Stadium 2020–present)		 January 1, 2008
2009 Winter Classic Chicago, Illinois Wrigley Field January 1, 2009
2010 Winter Classic Boston, Massachusetts Fenway Park January 1, 2010
2011 Winter Classic Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Heinz Field January 1, 2011
2011 Heritage Classic Calgary, Alberta McMahon Stadium February 20, 2011
2012 Winter Classic Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Citizens Bank Park January 1, 2012
2014 Winter Classic Ann Arbor, Michigan Michigan Stadium January 1, 2014
2014 NHL Stadium Series Los Angeles, California Dodger Stadium January 25, 2014
2014 NHL Stadium Series New York, New York Yankee Stadium January 26, 2014
2014 NHL Stadium Series New York, New York Yankee Stadium January 29, 2014
2014 NHL Stadium Series Chicago, Illinois Soldier Field March 1, 2014
2014 Heritage Classic Vancouver, British Columbia BC Place March 2, 2014
2015 Winter Classic Washington, DC Nationals Park January 1, 2015
2015 Stadium Series Santa Clara, California Levi’s Stadium February 21, 2015
2016 Winter Classic Foxborough, Massachusetts Gillette Stadium January 1, 2016
2016 Stadium Series Minneapolis, Minnesota TCF Bank Stadium February 21, 2016
2016 Stadium Series Denver, Colorado Coors Field February 27, 2016
2016 Heritage Classic Winnipeg, Manitoba Investors Group Field
(known as IG Field 2019–present)		 October 23, 2016
Centennial Classic Toronto, Ontario BMO Field
2017 Winter Classic St. Louis, Missouri Busch Stadium January 1, 2017
2017 Stadium Series Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Heinz Field February 25, 2017
100 Classic Ottawa, Ontario TD Place Stadium January 1, 2018
2018 Winter Classic New York, New York Citi Field January 2, 2018
2018 Stadium Series Annapolis, Maryland Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium March 3, 2018
2019 Winter Classic South Bend, Indiana Notre Dame Stadium January 1, 2019
2019 Stadium Series Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Lincoln Financial Field February 23, 2019
2019 Heritage Classic Regina, Saskatchewan Mosaic Stadium October 26, 2019
2020 Winter Classic Dallas, Texas Cotton Bowl January 1, 2020
2020 Stadium Series Colorado Springs, Colorado Falcon Stadium February 15, 2020

Global Neutral Venues

(Regular Season only)
The NHL has had teams open seasons with games in Europe and Asia in events known as NHL Premiere or NHL Global Series. Many of these events include exhibition games against local professional clubs.

Indoor Neutral Site Venues (North America)

During the 1992-93 and 1993-94 season each NHL team played two games each at a neutral site. This was done with an eye on expansion and/or possible relocation of troubled franchises. Several of the cities ended up with NHL teams in the not to distant future from these games being played. The 1994-95 NHL lockout and its’ settlement put an end to neutral site games.

Back-up/Emergency Venues

(Regular Season and Stanley Cup Playoffs)
Sometimes due to venue conflicts, building problems, attendance issues, or even to try out a city to see the potential for a new team teams have used venues for regular season and playoff games.

Season structure

Stanley Cup at HOF.jpg

See also: List of NHL seasons

The National Hockey League season is divided into a regular season from the first Wednesday in October through the beginning of April, when teams play each other in a predefined schedule, and a playoffs from April to the beginning of June, which is an elimination tournament where two teams play against each other to win a best-of-seven series in order to advance to the next round. The final remaining team is crowned the Stanley Cup champion.

In the regular season, each team plays 82 games: 41 games each of home and road. Eastern teams play 30 games in its own geographic division— four or five against each one of their seven other divisional opponents—and 24 games against the eight remaining non-divisional intra-conference opponents—three games against every team in the other division of its conference. Western teams play 28 or 29 games in its own geographic division-four or five against each one of their six other divisional opponents-and 21 or 22 games against the seven remaining non-divisional intra-conference opponents-three games against every team in the other division of its conference, with one cross-division intra-conference match-up occurring in four games (one team from each division plays only 28 intra-division games in a given season, and rotates every season). All teams play every team in the other conference twice-home and road. For three seasons between 2005 and 2008, teams played 32 games within their division—eight games against each team in the division—and 10 inter-conference games—one game against each team in two of the three divisions in the opposite conference.[11] The two divisions faced from the opposite conference were rotated every year, much like inter-league play in Major League Baseball. As with the former system, each team played four games against each one of the other ten teams in its conference outside of its division.

The league’s regular season standings are based on a point system instead of winning percentages. Points are awarded for each game, where two points are awarded for a win, one point for losing in overtime or a shootout, and zero points for a loss in regulation. At the end of the regular season, the team that finishes with the most points in each division is crowned the division champion. The league’s overall leader is awarded the Presidents’ Trophy.

Since 2014 the top three teams in each division plus the two wild-card teams in the conference with the next highest number of points, for a total of eight teams in each conference, qualify for the playoffs. The division winner with the best record in the conference plays the lowest-seeded wild-card team and the other division winner plays the highest-seeded wild-card (wild-card teams may cross over to another division within the conference), and the next two teams with the next best records in each division are seeded 2nd and 3rd.[12] The Stanley Cup playoffs is an elimination tournament, where the teams are grouped in pairs to play best-of-seven series, the winners moving on to the next round. The first round of the playoffs, or conference quarterfinals, consists of the first seed playing the fourth seed, and the second playing the third, division-wise.[12] In the second round, or conference semifinals, the four remaining teams in the conference play each other. In the third round, the conference finals, the two remaining teams play each other, with the conference champions proceeding to the Stanley Cup Final.

In all rounds the higher-ranked team is awarded home-ice advantage. Four of the seven games are played at this team’s home venue—the first and second, and, when necessary, the fifth and seventh games—with the other games played at the lower-ranked team’s home venue. In the Stanley Cup Final, the team with the most points (or in case of a tie, most wins) during the regular season is given home-ice advantage, regardless of where each team ranks in their own conference.

Notable players

Wayne Gretzky in a New York Rangers uniform in 1997.

The top five point scoring forwards in the 2019–20 season were Leon Draisaitl, Connor McDavid, Artemi Panarin, David Pastrňák, and Nathan MacKinnon. Pastrňák and Alexander Ovechkin tied for the most goals scored,[13] followed by Auston Matthews and Draisaitl. The top three scoring defencemen were John Carlson, Roman Josi, and Victor Hedman,[14] and the top goaltenders (by wins) were Andrei Vasilevskiy (35), Connor Hellebuyck (31), Jordan Binnington (30), Frederik Andersen (29), and Marc-André Fleury and Carey Price (27 each).[15]

In addition to Canadian and American players, who have historically composed a large majority of NHL players, the NHL draws players from all over the world. Since the collapse of the Soviet Bloc, restrictions on the movement of hockey players from this region have lessened and there has been a large influx of European players into the NHL such as Alexander Ovechkin.[16] European players were drafted and signed by NHL teams in an effort to bring in more skilled offensive players.[17] The addition of European players has changed the style of play in the NHL considerably and European style hockey has been accepted, if not embraced, in the NHL.[16] In Winter Olympic years, the league voluntarily suspends its season so that NHL players can play in the Winter Olympics, representing their native countries. Currently the NHL has players from 18 different countries, with the majority still coming from Canada.[18]

For more information about the origins of NHL players, see the List of NHL statistical leaders by country.

Hockey rink

Diagram of a hockey rink:
1. penalty boxes
2. team benches
3. scorekeepers’ area.

National Hockey League games are played on a hockey rink which is rectangular ice rink with rounded corners and surrounded by a wall. It measures 25.91 by 60.92 metres (85 by 200 ft) in the NHL,[19] while international standards call for a rink measuring 29–30 metres by 60–61 metres (by 95.14–98.43 ft by 196.85–200.13 ft). The center line divides the ice in half,[20] and is used to judge icing violations. There are two blue lines that divide the rink roughly into thirds, which divide the ice into two attacking and one neutral zone.[20] Near the end of both ends of the rink, there is a thin red goal line spanning the width of the ice, which is used to judge goals and icing calls.

Starting in the 2005–2006 season, after testing in the American Hockey League, a trapezoidal area behind each goal net has been introduced.[21] The goaltender can only play the puck within that area or in front of the goal line; if the goaltender plays the puck behind the goal line and not in the trapezoidal area, a 2 minute minor penalty for delay of game is assessed by the referees.[22]

Staring with the 2014-15 season the following changes were made:

  • The trapezoidal areas behind each net in which goaltenders are allowed to play the puck are to be made 4 ft (1.2m) wider than their current width.
  • The width of the hashmarks outside the faceoff circles will be extended from their current 3.5 feet to five feet, seven inches apart (international markings).

Rules

Main articles: National Hockey League rules

While the National Hockey League follows the general rules of ice hockey, it differs slightly from those used in international games organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) such as the Olympics. Infractions of the rules can lead to either the stoppage of play in the case of offside and icing calls, or a penalty call for more serious infractions.

During the 2004-05 lockout, the league changed some of the rules regarding being offside. First, the league removed the «offside pass» or «two-line pass» rule, which required a stoppage in play if a pass originating from inside a team’s defending zone was completed on the offensive side of the center line, unless the puck crossed the line before the player.[23] Furthermore, the league reinstated the «tag-up offside» which allows an attacking player a chance to get back onside by returning to the neutral zone.[23] The changes to the offside rule were one of several rule changes intended to increase overall scoring,[23] which had been in decline since the expansion years of the mid-nineties.

Another rule difference between the NHL and the IIHF rules concerns how icings are called. In the NHL, a linesman stops play due to icing if a defending player (other than the goaltender) touches the puck before an attacking player is able to,[24] in contrast to the IIHF rules where play is stopped the moment the puck crosses the goal line. As a result of the rule changes following the 2004-05 lockout, when a team is guilty of icing the puck they are not allowed to make a line change before the following faceoff.[24]  The rules for icing were  changed prior to the 2013-14 season to what is called «hybrid icing».  Hybrid icing is different from the previous version where that if the defending player (again other than the goaltender) reaches the line created by the two face off spots in the defensive zone before a player from the offending team.  This was done after pre-season trials in the NHL and regular season play in the AHL.  The impetus for the changes was the number of serious injuries that occured when players were trying to reach the puck next to the boards after skating in full stride and trying to stop «on a dime» before hitting the boards.

In regards to penalties, the NHL, in addition to the minor and double minor penalties called in IIHF games, calls major penalties which are more dangerous infractions of the rules, such as fighting, and have a duration of five minutes.[25] This is in contrast to the IIHF rule, in which players who fight are ejected from the game.[26] Usually a penalized team cannot replace a player that is penalized on the ice and is thus shorthanded for the duration of the penalty,[27] but if the penalties are coincidental, such as with fighting, both teams remain at full strength. Also, unlike minor penalties, major penalties must be served to their full completion, regardless of number of goals scored during the power play.[27]

The NHL and the NHLPA created a stringent anti-doping policy in the new CBA of September 2005. The policy provides for a 20-game penalty for a first positive test, 60 games for a second positive test, and a third offence resulting in a permanent ban.[28]

Trophies and awards

Hart Memorial Trophy on display at the Hockey Hall of Fame.

The National Hockey League presents several trophies each year. The most prestigious team award is the Stanley Cup, which is awarded to the league champion at the end of the Stanley Cup playoffs. The team that has the most points in the regular season is awarded the Presidents’ Trophy. There are also numerous trophies that are awarded to players based on their statistics during the regular season; they include, among others, the Art Ross Trophy for the league scoring champion (goals and assists), the Maurice ‘Rocket’ Richard Trophy for the goal-scoring leader, and the William M. Jennings Trophy for the goalkeeper(s) for the team with the fewest goals against them.[29] For the 2006–07 season these statistics-based trophies were awarded to Sidney Crosby of the Pittsburgh Penguins, Vincent Lecavalier of the Tampa Bay Lightning, and, dually, Niklas Bäckström and Manny Fernandez of the Minnesota Wild respectively.[29]

The other player trophies are voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers Association or the team general managers.[29] The most prestigious individual award is the Hart Memorial Trophy which is awarded annually to the Most Valuable Player; the voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association to judge the player who is the most valuable to his team during the regular season. The Vezina Trophy is awarded annually to the person deemed the best goalkeeper as voted on by the general managers of the teams in the NHL. The James Norris Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League’s top defenceman, the Calder Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the top rookie, and the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy is awarded to the player deemed to combine the highest degree of skill and sportsmanship; all three of these awards are voted on by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association.

The Hockey Hall of Fame in downtown Toronto.

In addition to the regular season awards, the Conn Smythe Trophy is awarded annually to the most valuable player during the NHL’s Stanley Cup playoffs. Furthermore, the top coach in the league wins the Jack Adams Award as selected by a poll of the National Hockey League Broadcasters Association. The National Hockey League publishes the names of the top three vote getters for all awards, and then names the award winner during the NHL Awards Ceremony.[29]

Players, coaches, officials, and team builders who have had notable careers are eligible to be voted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Players cannot enter until three years have passed since their last professional game, the shortest such time period of any major sport. One unique consequence has been Hall of Fame members (specifically, Gordie Howe, Guy Lafleur, and Mario Lemieux) coming out of retirement to play once more.[30] In the past, however, if a player was deemed significant enough, the pending period would be waived; only ten individuals have been honoured in this manner.[31] In 1999, Wayne Gretzky became the last player to have the three-year restriction waived,[31] and after Gretzky’s induction, the NHL declared that he would be the last to have the waiting period omitted.

Labour issues

There have been three league-wide work stoppages in NHL history, all happening between 1992 and 2005.
The first was a strike by the National Hockey League Players Association in April 1992 which lasted for 10 days, but the strike was settled quickly and all affected games were rescheduled.[32] A lockout at the start of the 1994–95 season forced the league to reduce the schedule from 84 games to just 48, with the teams playing only intra-conference games during the reduced season.[32] The resulting collective bargaining agreement was set for renegotiation in 1998 and extended to September 15, 2004.[33]

With no new agreement in hand when the existing contract expired on September 15, 2004, league commissioner Gary Bettman announced a lockout of the players union and cessation of operations by the NHL head office.[33] The lockout shut down the league for 310 days, the longest in sports history; the NHL was the first professional sports league to lose an entire season.[33] The league vowed to install what it dubbed «cost certainty» for its teams, but the NHL Players Association countered that the move was little more than a euphemism for a salary cap, which the union initially said it would not accept. A new collective bargaining agreement was ratified in July 2005 with a term of six years with an option of extending the collective bargaining agreement for an additional year at the end of the term, allowing the NHL to resume as of the 2005–06 season.[33]

On October 5, 2005, the first post-lockout NHL season took to the ice with 15 games, and consequently all 30 teams. Of those 15 games, 11 were in front of sell-out crowds.[34] The NHL received record attendance in the 2005–06 season. 20,854,169 fans, an average of 16,955 per game, was a 1.2% increase over the previous mark held in the 2001–02 season.[35] Also, the Montreal Canadiens, Colorado Avalanche, and the Vancouver Canucks sold out all of their home games;[35][36] all six Canadian teams played to 98% capacity or better at every home game.[35] 24 of the 30 clubs finished even or ahead of their 2003–04 mark. The Pittsburgh Penguins had the highest increase at 33%, mainly because of 18-year-old first overall draft pick Sidney Crosby. [35][37]

Popularity

The NHL is considered one of the four major professional sports leagues in the USA, along with Major League Baseball, the National Football League, and the National Basketball Association. Hockey has the smallest total fan base of the four leagues, the smallest revenue from television, and the least sponsorship. In contrast, hockey is the most popular of these four major sports in Canada. The NHL fan base is also the most affluent and well educated of the four.[38] NHL season ticket prices have traditionally been higher (given the number of games per season) than the other sports.

Television and radio

In Canada, National Hockey League games are aired nationally by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and The Sports Network (TSN). Regional games are broadcast by a number of networks including Rogers Sportsnet (RSN). French language games are broadcast by the Réseau des sports (RDS), but no longer is on Radio-Canada (the French-language counterpart of the CBC), which created a controversy in French-speaking Canada. The program Hockey Night in Canada, usually aired on Saturday nights on CBC, is a long-standing Canadian tradition since first airing on television in 1952,[39][40] and even prior to that on radio since the 1920s. During the playoffs, the CBC airs all games that involve Canadian teams and the Stanley Cup finals; TSN airs certain other games during the first three rounds.

In the United States NHL games are aired nationally by Versus (previously the «Outdoor Life Network» and «OLN»), and by NBC.[41] NBC replaced the previous over-the-air network, ABC, and has a revenue-sharing agreement with the NHL. Versus replaced ESPN as the cable network; Comcast, which owns Versus, offered a two-year $120 million agreement, while ESPN offered a revenue sharing agreement.[41] In addition, select games are broadcast in high definition on the HDNet cable channel.

Versus has about 20 million fewer subscribers than ESPN, but Comcast switched Versus from a digital tier to basic cable to make NHL games available to more cable subscribers.[41] For Versus the NHL coverage was a good addition as Versus’ ratings grew by about 275% when it showed an NHL game,[41], but television ratings in the United States have seen record lows.[42] Versus posted a 0.4 rating for the 2006 playoffs while ESPN posted a 0.7 rating two years ago; NBC posted a rating of 1.1, compared to ABC’s 1.5 rating two years ago.[43]

In Canada, for the first four games of the Stanley Cup finals, the CBC averaged 2.63 million viewers, and RDS averaged 346,000 viewers.[44] In the United States ratings fared worse due to the inclusion of two small-market teams, including one Canadian team; the first two games on Versus posted a 0.9 rating (621,000 households), and game 3 and game 4 on NBC had ratings of 1.6 and 2.0 respectively (1.7 million and 2.2 million households).[44] In 1994, when the New York Rangers were involved, game 7 of the Stanley Cup finals posted a rating of 5.2.[45] Game 7 of the 2006 Stanley Cup finals gained the highest Stanley Cup rating in the series with a rating of 3.5 (3.8 million households),[46] but it was down from the previous season’s game 7 final.[46]

XM Satellite Radio is the official satellite radio broadcaster of the NHL, as of July 1, 2007. Between September 2005 and June 2007, the NHL’s broadcasting rights were shared with both XM and Sirius Satellite Radio and were broadcast on just Sirius before the NHL lockout. XM used to broadcast more than 80% of NHL games, including all the play-offs and finals. Starting with the 2007-08 season, XM will broadcast every game.

Outside of North America, NHL games are broadcast across Europe on NASN (North American Sports Network) which takes feeds from Versus, FSN, TSN and CBC, including Hockey Night in Canada. Games can also be seen in the UK on Five.

Executives

The chief executive of the league is Commissioner Gary Bettman. Some of the principal decision-makers who serve under the authority of the commissioner include:

  • Deputy Commissioner & Chief Legal Officer: Bill Daly
  • Executive VP & CFO: Craig Harnett
  • Chief Operating Officer: Steve McArdle; previously held by John Collins
  • Executive VP & Director of Hockey Operations: Colin Campbell
  • NHL Enterprises: Ed Horne
  • Senior Vice-President of Player Safety: George Parros[47]

See also

  • List of all-time NHL leaders
  • List of NHL Owners
  • Chi-Kit Wong, John (2005). Lords of the Rinks. 
  • Coleman, Charles (1966-1969). Trail of the Stanley Cup, vols. 1-3. 
  • Holzman, Morey (2002). Deceptions and Doublecross. 
List of NHL-related topics
History Original Six · 1967 NHL Expansion · Timeline of the National Hockey League · List of NHL seasons · Most frequent NHL playoff series · Stanley Cup champions · Rivalries · Defunct teams · Retired numbers
NHL personnel List of NHL players · NHL statistical leaders (by country of birth) · NHL players with 1000 points · NHL players with 500 goals · NHL players with 100 point seasons · List of famous ice hockey linemates · NHL head coaches · NHL General Managers · Notable families in the NHL · NHL Presidents and Commissioners
Records Individual records · Team records · League records · Post-season streaks · Post-season droughts · Wayne Gretzky’s records · 50 goals in 50 games
Related leagues, tournaments and games International competitions · National Women’s Hockey League · American Hockey League · World Cup of Hockey · NHL All-Star Game · NHL Challenge · NHL All-Star Celebrity Challenge · World Hockey Association
Other NHL arenas · NHL Entry Draft · NHL awards · NHL All-Rookie Team · NHL trade deadline · NHL player salaries · Violence in ice hockey · NHL mascots

References

  • McFarlane, Brian (1997). Brian McFarlane’s History of Hockey. Champaign, IL: Sports Publishing Inc. ISBN 1-57167-145-5. 
  • National Hockey League (2005). 2005–06 NHL Official Rules. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-10.

Notes

  1. ↑ Marsh, James (2006). National Hockey League. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2006-06-11.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 [McFarlane], pp.15-16
  3. ↑ Toronto Arena Hockey Club was founded in October 1918. Holzman, Morey (2002). Deceptions and Doublecross. 
  4. ↑ [McFarlane], pp.5
  5. ↑ [McFarlane], pp.116-117,119
  6. ↑ [McFarlane], pp.166-167
  7. ↑ National Hockey League (2006). Time of match. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-12-02.
  8. ↑ Oh, what a night … and morning. Stars-Canucks ranks sixth among longest OT games.. Sports Illustrated (2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named list_stanley_cup
  10. ↑ ESPN (1999-12-31). The 10 greatest teams. ESPN.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-26.
  11. ↑ CBC Sports Online. «NHL ramps up rivalries», CBC.com, July 27, 2005. Retrieved on June 6, 2006. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Playoff formats. NHL.com (2005). Retrieved on June 6, 2006.
  13. ↑ TSN.ca. Statistics (Forwards). TSN.ca. Retrieved on 2020-10-10.
  14. ↑ TSN.ca. Statistics (Defencemen. TSN.ca. Retrieved on accessdate = 2020-10-10.
  15. ↑ 2019-20 NHL Leaders: League Leaders. Hockey Reference. Retrieved on 2020-10-10.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Wigge, Larry (2002-02-25). New world order: as the Olympics have shown, the influx of players from across the Atlantic has brought a sea change to the NHL game. The Sporting News. Retrieved on 2006-06-11.
  17. ↑ Beacon, Bill (199-06-27). Canadians left behind as NHL goes for firepower. Canadian Press. Retrieved on 2006-06-11.
  18. ↑ IWHC.net (2006-05-16). NHL still likes Czechs best. IWHC.net. Retrieved on 2006-06-09.
  19. ↑ National Hockey League (2005). Dimensions of Rink. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-08.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 National Hockey League (2005). Division of ice surface. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-08.
  21. ↑ National Hockey League (2005). Goal crease. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-08.
  22. ↑ National Hockey League (2005). Goalkeeper’s Penalties. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-26.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 CBC sports (2005-07-22). Relaunching the Game. CBC.com. Archived from the original on 2005-08-06. Retrieved on 2006-06-10.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 National Hockey League (2005). Icing the puck. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-08.
  25. ↑ National Hockey League (2005). Major penalties. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-08.
  26. ↑ CBC.ca (2006). Ice Hockey Essentials — International vs. NHL. NHL.com. Archived from the original on 2006-02-21. Retrieved on 2006-06-26.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 National Hockey League (2005). Minor penalties. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-08.
  28. ↑ Laurie, Scott (2005-09-28). NHL unveils new drug testing policy. CTV. Retrieved on 2007-01-02.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 NHL announces 2006–07 trophy finalists. NHL.com (2007-05-01). Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
  30. ↑ Canadian Press (2005-11-7). Roy on deck for 2006, ‘mayhem’ in 2007. tsn.ca. Retrieved on 2006-06-08.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 phoenixcoyotes.com (2006-05-31). Wayne Gretzky signs five-year contract as head coach. phoenixcoyotes.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-09.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 CBC Sports (2004-01-29). We’ve been here before. cbc.ca. Archived from the original on 2004-02-21. Retrieved on 2006-06-09.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Staudohar, Paul D. (December 2005). «The hockey lockout of 2004–05». Monthly Labor Review. 
  34. ↑ NHL.com (2005-10-06). NHL returns with packed arenas, single-date attendance record. NHL.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-09.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 Molinaro, John (2006-04-20). A season to remember. CBC.ca. Archived from the original on 2006-06-18. Retrieved on 2006-06-09.
  36. ↑ Mackin, Bob (2006-04-18). Canucks abuse fan trust. Slam Sports. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
  37. ↑ Finder, Chuck (2005-8-19). Penguins ticket sales hit the roof. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved on 2006-12-11.
  38. ↑ [1]
  39. ↑ CBC.ca (2005). HNIC in 2005-06. CBC.ca. Archived from the original on 2004-12-08. Retrieved on 2006-06-19.
  40. ↑ CBC.ca (2005). Hockey Night in Canada: A history of excellence. CBC.ca. Archived from the original on 2004-12-08. Retrieved on 2006-06-19.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 Weiner, Evan (2006-06-16). Don’t Believe the Gripe: The NHL Is Back. nysun.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-19.
  42. ↑ Lebrun, Pierre (2006-06-19). Post-lockout NHL a success, capped by thrilling seven-game final. Canadian Press. Retrieved on 2006-06-19.
  43. ↑ Cornell, Christopher (2006-06-05). NHL TV Ratings Suffer. All Headline news. Retrieved on 2006-09-20.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Narducci, Marc (2006-06-16). Snider says low ratings don’t tell hockey’s story. Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved on 2006-06-19.
  45. ↑ Reed, Tom (2006-06-05). NHL ratings toppling like dominoes. Akron Beacon Journal. Retrieved on 2006-06-15.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Press, Associated (2006-06-21). Game 7 ratings down 21 percent from ’04. AP. Retrieved on 2006-06-21.
  47. ↑ Parros to head Department of Player Safety, focus on slashing.

External links

  • Official NHL Webpage
  • NHL Player’s Association (NHLPA)
  • National Hockey League Fan’s Association
  • The Internet Hockey Database
  • The NHL Officials Association Website
National Hockey League
Western Conference Eastern Conference
Pacific Division
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Metropolitan Division
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Structure Playoffs (Streaks • Droughts • All-time playoff series) • Conference Finals • Finals
Annual events Seasons • Stanley Cup (Champions • Winning players • Traditions and anecdotes) • Presidents’ Trophy • All-Star Game • Draft • Awards • All-Star Teams
Players List of players • Association • Retired jersey numbers • Captains
History Lore • Organizational changes :: • Defunct teams • NHA • Original Six • 1967 Expansion • WHA Merger • Lockouts
Others Outdoor games (Winter Classic • Heritage Classic • Stadium Series) • Potential expansion • Hall of Fame (Members) • Rivalries • Arenas • Rules • Fighting • Violence : International games • Kraft Hockeyville • Collective bargaining agreement • Television and radio coverage
Category • 2020–21 Season • 2021–22 Season • 2022–23 Season
Источник

НХЛ

НХЛ

Портал:НХЛ

Начинающим · Сообщество · Порталы · Награды · Проекты · Запросы · Оценивание

География · История · Общество · Персоналии · Религия · Спорт · Техника · Наука · Искусство · Философия

Hm hl c.gif

Правка НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ХОККЕЙНАЯ ЛИГА

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Национальная хоккейная лига (англ. National Hockey League, NHL, фр. Ligue Nationale de Hockey, LNH) — профессиональная спортивная организация, объединяющая хоккейные команды США и Канады. НХЛ признается большинством специалистов сильнейшей хоккейной лигой мира. Часто (но не всегда) НХЛ причисляют к главным профессиональным спортивным лигам Северной Америки. Национальная хоккейная лига была создана в 1917 году после возникновения разногласий в Национальной хоккейной ассоциации (NHA). Первый сезон НХЛ стартовал с сезона 1917—18, в нем участвовало пять команд.

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Правка СЕЗОН 2008/2009

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По итогам регулярного чемпионата 2008-2009 гг.

# — место в конференции, И — игр, В — выигрышей, П — поражений, ПО — поражений в овертайме/по буллитам, ШЗ — забитые шайбы, ШП — пропущенные шайбы, О — очков, П10 — последние 10 игр, Под.- подряд    *Выделены команды, вышедшие в плей-офф
Восточная конференция
Атлантический дивизион
# Команда И В П ПО ШЗ ШП О П10 Под.
1 Нью-Джерси Девилз 82 51 27 4 244 209 106 4-5-1 В 2
2 Питтсбург Пингвинз 82 45 28 9 264 239 99 7-2-1 В 3
3 Филадельфия Флайерз 82 44 27 11 264 238 99 4-5-1 П 1
4 Нью-Йорк Рейнджерс 82 43 30 9 210 218 95 5-4-1 В 3
5 Нью-Йорк Айлендерс 82 26 47 9 201 279 61 2-7-1 П 4
Северо-Восточный дивизион
# Команда И В П ПО ШЗ ШП О П10 Под.
1 Бостон Брюинз 82 53 19 10 274 196 116 8-2-0 В 1
2 Монреаль Канадиенс 82 41 30 11 249 247 93 5-3-2 П 4
3 Баффало Сейбрз 82 41 32 9 250 234 91 7-2-1 В 3
4 Оттава Сенаторз 82 36 35 11 217 237 83 4-5-1 П 2
5 Торонто Мэйпл Лифс 82 34 35 13 250 293 81 5-5-0 В 1
Юго-Восточный дивизион
# Команда И В П ПО ШЗ ШП О П10 Под.
1 Вашингтон Кэпиталз 82 50 24 8 272 245 108 6-2-2 П 1
2 Каролина Харрикейнз 82 45 30 7 239 226 97 8-2-0 П 2
3 Флорида Пантерз 82 41 30 11 234 231 93 6-3-1 В 2
4 Атланта Трэшерз 82 35 41 6 257 280 76 6-4-0 В 1
5 Тампа Бэй Лайтнинг 82 24 40 18 210 279 66 1-7-2 П 9
Западная конференция
Центральный дивизион
# Команда И В П ПО ШЗ ШП О П10 Под.
1 Детройт Ред Уингз 82 51 21 10 295 244 112 3-6-1 П 3
2 Чикаго Блэкхокс 82 46 24 12 264 216 104 7-2-1 В 2
3 Сент-Луис Блюз 82 41 31 10 233 233 92 8-1-1 В 3
4 Коламбус Блю Джекетс 82 41 31 10 226 230 92 3-3-4 П 2
5 Нэшвилл Предэйторз 82 40 34 8 213 233 88 5-4-1 П 1
Северо-Западный дивизион
# Команда И В П ПО ШЗ ШП О П10 Под.
1 Ванкувер Кэнакс 82 45 27 10 246 220 100 6-3-1 В 3
2 Калгари Флэймз 82 46 30 6 254 248 98 4-6-0 В 1
3 Миннесота Уайлд 82 40 33 9 219 200 89 6-3-1 В 3
4 Эдмонтон Ойлерз 82 38 35 9 234 248 85 3-7-0 П 1
5 Колорадо Эвеланш 82 32 45 5 199 257 69 1-6-3 П 4
Тихоокеанский дивизион
# Команда И В П ПО ШЗ ШП О П10 Под.
1 Сан-Хосе Шаркс 82 53 18 11 257 204 117 5-4-1 П 2
2 Анахайм Дакс 82 42 33 7 245 238 91 7-2-1 П 1
3 Даллас Старз 82 36 35 11 230 257 83 3-4-3 П 1
4 Финикс Койотис 82 36 39 7 208 252 79 6-4-0 В 2
5 Лос-Анджелес Кингз 82 34 37 11 207 234 79 4-5-1 В 1
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«Тампа Бэй» — детище Фила Эспозито
Команда «Тампа Бэй Лайтнинг» провела свой первый сезон в НХЛ в 1992-93 годах. Идея создания хоккейного клуба в районе городов Тампы и Санкт-Петербурга (штат Флорида) родилась у Фила Эспозита, нашедшего поддержку у адвоката Хэнри Ли Пола и Мела Лоуэлла. Однако у них возникли проблемы в поиске инвесторов, которые помогли бы собрать $50 миллионов для вступительного взноса в НХЛ. В практически безвыходной ситуации Эспозито предпринял смелый шаг, направив свои поиски в Японию. После многочисленных переговоров и встреч с представителями различных японских корпораций, первый взнос был внесён компанией Кокусаи Грин, ставшей фактически хозяином команды. (Далее…)

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Кеннет Уэйн Драйден (родился 8 августа 1947 года в городе Хамильтон, Онтарио) — канадский спортсмен, хоккеист (вратарь). Выступал в Национальной хоккейной лиге за клуб «Монреаль Канадиенс» с 1970 по 1979 год. Шесть раз выигрывал Кубок Стэнли (1971, 1973, 1976-79). Пять раз признавался лучшим вратарем НХЛ (1973, 1976-79). В сезоне 1970/1971, когда Драйден впервые с «Монреалем» выиграл Кубок Стэнли, в регулярном сезоне он провел лишь шесть матчей, появившись лишь в самом конце сезона. А затем, в плэй-офф, превратился из новичка в звезду, получив по итогам Конн Смайт Трофи (самому ценному игроку в плей-офф). Через год получил приз лучшего новичка НХЛ — Колдер Трофи. (Далее…)

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Эволюция НХЛ:

  • Любительская хоккейная ассоциация (AHA, 1893-1898)
  • Канадская любительская хоккейная лига (CAHL, 1898-1905)
  • Хоккейная любительская лига восточной Канады (ECAHL, 1905-1906)
  • Хоккейная любительская ассоциация восточной Канады (ECAHA, 1906-1909)
  • Канадская хоккейная ассоциация (CHL, 1909-1910)
  • Национальная хоккейная ассоциация (NHA, 1909-1917)
  • Национальная хоккейная лига (NHL, 1917 — наст.)
  • Американская хоккейная лига (AHL, 1936 — наст.)
  • Всемирная хоккейная ассоциация (WHA, 1972-1979)
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  • Горди Хоу был 51 год, когда он играл за Хартфорд Уэйлерз. Он ушел из хоккея в 1980, когда ему было 52 года и 10 дней.
  • Защитник Сент-Луис Блюз Дуг Харви был самым старым участником матча всех звезд, это было в 1969. Ему тогда было 44 года.
  • Дэйв Андрейчук в 40 с небольшим стал самым старым дебютантом финальной серии Кубка Стэнли.
  • В 1929 году Лестер Патрик, играя за Нью-Йорк Рейнджерс стал в 44 года самым старым обладателем Кубка Стэнли.

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В сезоне 2005/2006 НХЛ в целях увелечения зрелищности игры решилась на небывало радикальные изменения в правилах.

Хоккейная площадка

  • Границы средней зоны (синие линии) будут располагаться в 19,5 м от линии ворот и в 22,86 м от лицевого борта. Увеличение зоны атаки на 1.22 м должно сделать хоккей более атакующим, в частности при игре в большинстве.
  • Линия ворот будет располагаться в 3,35 и от лицевого борта, на 61 см ближе к нему, чем прежде.
  • Размер средней зоны сократится до 15,24 м вместо прежних 16,46

В сезоне 2006/2007 НХЛ также пошли на незначительные изменения правила.

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Результаты матчей: за текущий месяц • за предыдущий месяц
• Архив результатов

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Портал:НХЛ/Новости/Архив/05 2010

Новости за предыдущий месяц • Архив

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Примечания

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Полезное

Смотреть что такое «НХЛ» в других словарях:

  • НХЛ — неходжкинские лимфомы мед. НХЛ Национальная хоккейная лига Канада, спорт, США Словарь: С. Фадеев. Словарь сокращений современного русского языка. С. Пб.: Политехника, 1997. 527 с. НХЛ нхл начало христианского летоисчисления …   Словарь сокращений и аббревиатур

  • НХЛ — (NHL), см. Национальная хоккейная лига. * * * НХЛ НХЛ (NHL), см. Национальная хоккейная лига (см. НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ХОККЕЙНАЯ ЛИГА (НХЛ)) …   Энциклопедический словарь

  • НХЛ — (N.H.L.), смотри Национальная хоккейная лига …   Современная энциклопедия

  • НХЛ — абревіатура Національна хокейна ліга США і Канада незмінювана словникова одиниця …   Орфографічний словник української мови

  • НХЛ — (N.H.L.), смотри Национальная хоккейная лига.   …   Иллюстрированный энциклопедический словарь

  • Нхл — Национальная хоккейная лига Вид спорта Хоккей с шайбой Основание 1917 Руководитель Гэри Бэттмен …   Википедия

  • НХЛ в сезоне 2008-2009 — Начало  4 октября 2008 Конец  12 июня 2009 Регулярный чемпионат Президентский Кубок (очков)  Сан Хосе Шаркс (117) …   Википедия

  • НХЛ в сезоне 2008/2009 — Начало  4 октября 2008 Конец  12 июня 2009 Регулярный чемпионат Президентский Кубок (очков)  Сан Хосе Шаркс (117) Лучший бомбардир (очков)  …   Википедия

  • НХЛ в сезоне 2011/2012 — Начало  6 октября 2011 Конец  11 июня 2012 Регулярный чемпионат Президентский Кубок (очков)  Ванкувер Кэнакс (111) Лучший б …   Википедия

  • НХЛ в сезоне 2010/2011 — Начало  7 октября 2010 Конец  15 июня 2011 Регулярный чемпионат Президентский Кубок (очков)  Ванкувер Кэнакс (117) Лучший б …   Википедия

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