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Сегодня я постараюсь вам более подробно и простыми словами рассказать про Тайский бат — это государственная денежная единица Таиланда. Она имеет буквенное обозначение THB, и значок ฿. 1 бат = 100 сатангов, где бат можно считать эквивалентом российского рубля, а сатанги – эквивалентом копеек.
Содержание статьи
- 1 История Тайского бата
- 2 Как меняются деньги в Таиланде
- 3 Как выглядят Тайские баты
- 3.1 Монеты
- 3.2 Купюры
- 4 Чем платят в Тае
- 4.1 Американские доллары
- 4.2 Дорожные чеки
- 4.3 Пластиковые карты
- 4.4 Криптовалюта
- 5 Отношение тайцев к деньгам
- 5.1 Тайский бат «на чай»
- 5.2 Денежные традиции
История Тайского бата
Если углубиться в историю, то «бат» упоминался в тайской литературе в XIV в., но официальной валютой королевства до 1928 г. был сиамский тикаль. Эти деньги использовали для покупок, следующие страны:
- Бирма;
- Сиам;
- Лаос;
- Камбоджа.
Важно знать! До XIX в. жители королевства Таиланда при расчёте денежных единиц использовали двоичную систему счисления. В 1898 г. власти Сиама внедрили в стране десятичную систему счета денег, а по истечении 30 лет у образованного Королевства Таиланд появились свои деньги, которые были названы батом. Местное население при общении, называют деньги по старому, в двоичной системе. К примеру, 25 сатангов — это четверть бата.
Как меняются деньги в Таиланде
Баты на валютной бирже не торгуются за рубли, так как нет такой пары RUB – THB (как, собственно и пар THB – KZT или THB – UAH), именно поэтому валюты конвертируются так: RUB в USD по курсу, после чего USD в THB также по настоящему курсу. Поэтому с российскими, украинскими и казахскими деньгами в Тай лучше не ехать, так как при конвертациях сильно много теряется.
Как выглядят Тайские баты
В Королевстве Таиланд используются как монеты, так и бумажные купюры. Минимальной банкнотой является купюра в 20฿, максимальной – 1000฿. Из монет с самым наименьшим номиналом– 25 сатангов, а с самым большим – 10฿.
Монеты
На сегодняшний день в ходу желтые монеты с номиналом:
- 25 сатангов с изображением буддийского храма в г. Накхонситхаммарат;
- 50 сатангов с крупным буддийским храмом в г. Накхонситхаммарат.
Никелевые монеты с изображениями:
- 1฿ — трех пагод и дворец короля;
- 2฿ — дворца королей;
- 5฿ — Мраморного храма в столице.
Самая большая по номиналу монета – 10฿, желтого цвета с белой окантовкой, чем-то напоминающая наши юбилейные 10 руб. На ней изображен дворец.
Также Центробанк Таиланда (The Bank of Thailand) иногда выпускает юбилейные монеты, которые приурочены к знаменательным датам.
Купюры
В Таиланде было выпущено 17 серий денежных знаков и 19 юбилейных, которые были приурочены к важным, для Королевства, датам и событиям. Сегодня в ходу банковские билеты номиналом: 20฿, 50฿, 100฿, 500฿, 1000฿.
На банкнотах этой серии изображен ныне действующий король – Маха Вачиралонгкорн (Рама X), который взошел на престол 13.10.2016, после того как ушел из жизни его отец. На тысячной купюре изображены два короля: отец и сын.
Стоит знать! Сейчас так же не выведены из обращения денежные знаки 15 и 16 серии, на которых изображен покойный король Пхумипона Адульядета (Рамы IX), который правил Королевством 70 лет.
Кто, не знаком с тайским языком и иероглифами, на всех купюрах написаны арабские цифры, сверху в правом углу лицевой стороны банкноты. Так же все денежные знаки разного цвета, поэтому чтобы их перепутать нужно постараться.
Чем платят в Тае
Покупки в стране тысячи улыбок оплачиваются батами. Долларами можно оплатить только в больших сувенирных магазинах. При помощи американских «рублей» можно оплачивать экскурсии, но не у всех местных тур операторов.
Стоит знать! Местное население ничего вам не продаст, если вы с ними захотите рассчитаться иностранной валютой.
В банках, банкоматах и обменных пунктах можно быстро поменять евро, доллары, китайские юани и другие иностранные валюты. Некоторые пункты принимают рубли и гривны, но как уже говорил выше — это будет абсолютно не выгодно.
Американские доллары
Меняются они в этой стране чуть ли не на каждом углу, но нужно знать некоторые нюансы:
- Выгодно менять 100$ купюру – это будет самый лучший курс.
- Покупая американскую валюту нужно удостовериться, что деньги не мятые и не порванные и не грязные. В противном случае не примут или обменяют по очень низкому курсу.
- Если доллар выпущен до 1993 г. включительно, его не возьмут ни в банке, ни в обменнике, так как в эти года было зафиксировано много подделок.
Дорожные чеки
Самый выгодный способ расчёта для иностранцев — дорожные чеки (travel check). В РФ такая система еще плохо развита и многие даже не знают что это такое.
Следует знать! Дорожный чек можно получить в Русском Стандарте, Райффайзен-банке, Связь-банке и в еще в нескольких российских банках.
Плюсы travel check:
- Достаточно высокий обменный курс. При обмене на тайский бат взымается комиссия 30฿ и 3฿ за так называемую проштамповку чека. Также как и с банкнотами, выгодно менять чеки от 100$ и выше.
- В Тае очень много мелких воришек. Если у вас похитят бумажные деньги, то их можно без каких-либо проблем потратить, а вот чеки им будут бесполезны, так как при операции с ними нужна подпись владельца.
Пластиковые карты
Этот метод оплаты самый популярный в стране 1000 улыбок. Ими можно расплатиться абсолютно везде.
Совет! Из-за того, что Таиланд причислен к странам с высоким риском опасности, прежде чем ехать поставьте на карты лимит, более которого за раз нельзя рассчитаться.
При наличии пластиковой карты со счетом в долларах можно менять на тайский бат с одной конвертацией. Если это будет рублевая карта, то придется заплатить за двойную конвертацию.
Самым простым способом получить тайский бат наличными – воспользоваться банкоматами, которых в Королевстве огромное количество.
Нужно знать! При снятии денег в банкомате у вас банк возьмет комиссию 200฿ с любой суммы + нужно будет заплатить налоги, сборы и проценты. Поэтому нужно снимать сразу большую сумму. Банкомат за раз выдает не более 30 000฿.
Банки Krungsri и Bangkok Bank дают возможность получить наличными тайский бат без комиссии при использовании банковской карты. Но прежде чем осуществлять финансовые операции, необходимо узнать условия, потому что они часто меняются.
Важно! При получении наличных в банке вам понадобится паспорт.
Криптовалюта
Любой банк Таиланда и обменный пункт меняет биткоины на тайский бат. Также криптовалютой можно оплатить любую покупку. От владельца биткоинов понадобится доступ к криптовалютному счёту и загранпаспорт.
Курсы криптовалют разнятся, в каждом месте он разный. Самый выгодный обмен биткоина в банке. В стране тысячи улыбок это является законной сделкой, и ничего противоправного здесь нет.
Отношение тайцев к деньгам
Местных жителей Таиланда нельзя назвать заботливыми и бережливыми. Деньги здесь приносят удовольствие, а работа всех жителей Королевства должна:
- быть «сабай» — удобная, приятная и не вызывающая ощущения дискомфорта;
- способствовать следованию «суэй» — красоте.
А заработная плата необходима только для «санук» — для удовольствия и немного для погашения долгов, образовавшихся при определенном образе жизни.
Практически вся промышленность и банковские сектор Таиланда находится под руководством китайцев, а местное население работает как наемные рабочие, которые добросовестно выполняют свою работу, если она не идет в противоречие с «сабай».
Важно знать! Тайцы никогда не будут работать на износ, и не преследуют цель, дослужиться до начальника. Они не гонятся за большими деньгами, но и не брезгуют зарабатывать на иностранцах. Очень легким видом заработка они считают выигрыш в лотерею.
Тайский бат «на чай»
В Тае не просят чаевые. Здесь принято самостоятельно их оставлять за работу:
- носильщика (10฿);
- экскурсовода (20฿);
- гувернантки (20฿ в день);
- официантки (10% от суммы чека).
Важно знать! Давать на чай монеты в Таиланде – оскорбительно для местного населения.
Денежные традиции
Плохое отношение к деньгам в Таиланде преследуется законом, даже могут осудить. Потому что на каждой банкноте изображены члены королевской семьи, а местное население с большой любовью относится к королю и его семье, поэтому тайский бат нужно любить и бережно к нему относиться.
Важно знать! Хранить тайский бат, в заднем кармане штанов расценивается, как оскорбление короля. Оплатить покупку рваной, грязной или помятой купюрой – неуважение к продавцу. Оплачивая покупку нужно подавать бумажные деньги двумя руками, так чтобы изображение короля было сверху.
На этом у меня все. Я рассказал вам про тайский бат и надеюсь, что эта статья была вам полезной. До новых встреч на сайте ТОП Денег, где вы узнаете много интересного о мировых валютах.
«Baht» redirects here. For the unit of mass, see Tical (unit). For the river in Morocco, see Baht River. For the town in Uzbekistan, see Baxt.
บาทไทย (Thai) | |
---|---|
Baht banknotes and coins issued by the Bank of Thailand |
|
ISO 4217 | |
Code | THB (numeric: 764) |
Subunit | 0.01 |
Unit | |
Plural | The language(s) of this currency do(es) not have a morphological plural distinction. |
Symbol | ฿ |
Denominations | |
Subunit | |
1⁄100 | satang |
Banknotes | |
Freq. used | ฿20, ฿50, ฿100, ฿500, ฿1000 |
Coins | |
Freq. used | 25, 50 satang, ฿1, ฿2, ฿5, ฿10 |
Rarely used | 1, 5, 10 satang |
Demographics | |
Official user(s) | |
Unofficial user(s) |
|
Issuance | |
Central bank | Bank of Thailand |
Website | www.bot.or.th |
Printer | Note Printing Works of the Bank of Thailand |
Mint | Royal Thai Mint |
Website | www.royalthaimint.net |
Valuation | |
Inflation | 1.0% |
Source | Inflation (annual %), World Bank, 2011–2015 |
The baht (; Thai: บาท, pronounced [bàːt]; sign: ฿; code: THB) is the official currency of Thailand. It is divided into 100 satang (สตางค์, pronounced [sà.tāːŋ]). The issuance of currency is the responsibility of the Bank of Thailand. SWIFT ranked the Thai baht as the 10th-most-frequently used world payment currency as of January 2019.[1]
History[edit]
The Thai baht, like the pound, originated from a traditional unit of mass. Its currency value was originally expressed as that of silver of corresponding weight (now defined as 15 grams), and was in use probably as early as the Sukhothai period in the form of bullet coins known in Thai as phot duang.[2] These were pieces of solid silver cast to various weights corresponding to a traditional system of units related by simple fractions and multiples, one of which is the baht. These are listed in the following table:[3][4]
Unit (RTGS) | Thai spelling | Relative value | Value relative to baht | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bia | เบี้ย | 1⁄100 at | 1⁄6400 | Bia is Thai for cowry, the shell of which was used as a trade medium of the same value. |
Solot | โสฬส | 1⁄16 fueang | 1⁄128 | Solot here literally means «sixteen» or sixteenth, referring to the fractional amount relative to a fueang. |
At | อัฐ | 1⁄8 fueang | 1⁄64 | Likewise, at literally means eight. |
Siao/Phai | เสี้ยว/ไพ | 1⁄4 fueang | 1⁄32 | Siao means quarter. |
Sik | ซีก | 1⁄2 fueang | 1⁄16 | Sik means half. |
Fueang | เฟื้อง | 1⁄8 baht | 1⁄8 | The smallest silver bullet coins available in the market. |
Salueng | สลึง | 1⁄4 baht (0.25 baht, 25 satang | 1⁄4 | Thai version of the Mace (unit). |
Song salueng | สองสลึง | 1⁄2 baht (0.50 baht, 50 satang) | 1⁄2 | |
Baht | บาท | 1 | ||
Tamlueng | ตำลึง | 4 baht | 4 | Thai version of the tael. |
Chang | ชั่ง | 20 tamlueng | 80 | Thai version of the catty. |
That system was in use up until 1897, when the decimal system devised by Prince Jayanta Mongkol, in which one baht = 100 satang, was introduced by his half-brother King Chulalongkorn along with the demonetization of silver bullet coins on 28 October 1904 after the end of silver bullet coin production by the opening of Sitthikarn Royal Mint in 1857.[5] However, coins denominated in the old units were issued until 1910, and the amount of 25 satang is still commonly referred to as a salueng, as is the 25-satang coin.
Until 27 November 1902, the baht was fixed on a purely silver basis, with 15 grams of silver to the baht. This caused the value of the currency to vary relative to currencies on a gold standard. From 1856 to 1864, the values of certain foreign silver coins were fixed by law, with 5 baht = 3 Spanish dollar = 7 Indian rupees.[6] Before 1880 the exchange rate was fixed at 8 baht per pound sterling, falling to 10 to the pound during the 1880s.
In 1902, the government began to increase the value of the baht by following all increases in the value of silver against gold but not reducing it when the silver price fell. Beginning at 21.75 baht per pound sterling, the currency rose in value until, in 1908, a fixed peg to the British pound sterling was established of 13 baht per pound. This was revised to 12 baht in 1919 and then, after a period of instability, to 11 baht in 1923. During World War II, the baht was fixed at a value of one Japanese yen on 22 April 1942.[7][8]
From 1956 until 1973, the baht was pegged to the US dollar at an exchange rate of 20.8 baht = one dollar and at 20 baht = 1 dollar until 1978.[9]
[10] A strengthening US economy caused Thailand to re-peg its currency at 25 to the dollar from 1984 until 2 July 1997, when the country was affected by the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The baht was floated and halved in value, reaching its lowest rate of 56 to the dollar in January 1998. It rose to 30 per dollar in January 2021.
The baht was originally known to foreigners by the term tical,[11] which was used in English language text on banknotes until the series 2 1925.[12][13]
Coins[edit]
Cowrie shells from the Mekong River had been used as currency for small amounts since the Sukhothai period. Before 1860, Thailand did not produce coins using modern methods. Instead, a so-called «bullet» coinage was used, consisting of bars of metal, thicker in the middle, bent round to form a complete circle on which identifying marks were stamped.[14][15] Denominations issued included 1⁄128, 1⁄64, 1⁄32, 1⁄16, 1⁄8, 1⁄2, 1, 1+1⁄2, 2, 2+1⁄2, 4, 4+1⁄2, 8, 10, 20, 40 and 80 baht in silver and 1⁄32, 1⁄16, 1⁄8, 1⁄2, 1, 1+1⁄2, 2 and 4 baht in gold. One gold baht was generally worth 16 silver baht. Between 1858 and 1860, foreign trade coins were also stamped by the government for use in Thailand.
Rama III (1824–1851) was the first king to consider the use of a flat coin. He did so not for the convenience of traders, but because he was disturbed that the creatures living in the cowrie shells were killed. When he learned of the use of flat copper coins in Singapore in 1835, he contacted a Scottish trader, who had two types of experimental coins struck in England. The king rejected both designs. The name of the country put on these first coins was Muang Thai, not Siam.[16][17]
In 1860, modern style coins were introduced. These were silver 1 sik, 1 fuang, 1 and 2 salung, 1, 2 and 4 baht, with the baht weighing 15.244 grams and the others weight-related. Tin 1 solot and 1 att followed in 1862, with gold 2+1⁄2, 4 and 8 baht introduced in 1863 and copper 2 and 4 att in 1865. Copper replaced tin in the 1 solot and 1 att in 1874, with copper 4 att introduced in 1876. The last gold coins were struck in 1895.
In 1897, the first coins denominated in satang were introduced, cupronickel 2+1⁄2, 5, 10 and 20 satang. However, 1 solot, 1 and 2 att coins were struck until 1905 and 1 fuang coins were struck until 1910. In 1908, holed 1, 5 and 10 satang coins were introduced, with the 1 satang in bronze and the 5 and 10 satang in nickel. The 1 and 2 salung were replaced by 25 and 50 satang coins in 1915. In 1937, holed, bronze 1⁄2 satang were issued.
In 1941, a series of silver coins was introduced in denominations of 5, 10 and 20 satang, due to a shortage of nickel caused by World War II. The next year, tin coins were introduced for 1, 5 and 10 satang, followed by 20 satang in 1945 and 25 and 50 satang in 1946. In 1950, aluminium bronze 5, 10, 25 and 50 satang were introduced whilst, in 1957, bronze 5 and 10 satang were issued, along with 1-baht coins struck in an unusual alloy of copper, nickel, silver and zinc. Several Thai coins were issued for many years without changing the date. These include the tin 1942 1 satang and the 1950 5 and 10 satang, struck until 1973, the tin 1946 25 satang struck until 1964, the tin 50 satang struck until 1957, and the aluminium bronze 1957 5, 10, 25 and 50 satang struck until the 1970s. Cupronickel 1-baht coins were introduced in 1962 and struck without date change until 1982.
In 1972, cupronickel 5-baht coins were introduced, switching to cupronickel-clad copper in 1977. Between 1986 and 1988, a new coinage was introduced, consisting of aluminium 1, 5 and 10 satang, aluminium-bronze 25 and 50 satang, cupronickel 1 baht, cupronickel-clad-copper 5 baht and bimetallic 10 baht. Cupronickel-clad-steel 2 baht were introduced in 2005.
In 2008, the Ministry of Finance and the Royal Thai Mint announced the 2009 coin series, which included changes in materials to reduce production costs as well as an update of the image on the obverse to a more recent portrait of the king. The two-baht coin, confusingly similar in color and size to the one-baht coin, was changed from nickel-clad low-carbon steel to aluminium bronze. New two-baht coin was the first of the new series released on February 3, 2009, followed by a satang coin in April, a five-baht coin in May, a ten-baht coin in June, and a one-baht coin in July 2009.
In 2018, the Royal Thai Mint and the Ministry of Finance issued a new series of general circulation coins, featuring the same standard specifications, but feature a portrait of its current king, Maha Vajiralongkorn.
Coins of the Thai baht (Rama IX) [2] [3] (in Thai) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Technical parameters | Description | Date of first minting | |||
Diameter | Mass | Composition | Obverse | Reverse | ||
1 satang 1 | 15 mm | 0.5 g | 97.5% Al, 2.5% Mg | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra That Hariphunchai, Lamphun | 1987 |
99% Aluminium | 2008 | |||||
5 satang 1 | 16 mm | 0.6 g | 97.5% Al, 2.5% Mg | Wat Phra Pathom Chedi, Nakhon Pathom | 1987 | |
16.5 mm | 99% Aluminium | 2008 | ||||
10 satang 1 | 17.5 mm | 0.8 g | 97.5% Al, 2.5% Mg | Wat Phra That Choeng Chum, Sakon Nakhon | 1987 | |
99% Aluminium | 2008 | |||||
25 satang | 16 mm | 1.9 g | Aluminium bronze | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra Mahathat, Nakhon Si Thammarat | 1987 |
16 mm | 1.9 g | Copper-plated steel | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra Mahathat, Nakhon Si Thammarat | 2008 | |
50 satang | 18 mm | 2.4 g | Aluminium bronze | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra That Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai | 1987 |
18 mm | 2.4 g | Copper-plated steel | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra That Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai | 2008 | |
1 baht | 20 mm | 3.4 g | Cupronickel (1986–2008) | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra Kaew, Bangkok | 1986 |
3 g | Nickel-plated steel (2008–present) | 2008 | ||||
2 baht | 21.75 mm | 4.4 g | Nickel-plated low-carbon steel | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Saket, Bangkok | 2005 |
21.75 mm | 4 g | Aluminium bronze | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Saket, Bangkok | 2008 | |
5 baht | 24 mm | 7.5 g | Copper nickel-clad copper | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Benchamabophit, Bangkok | 1988 |
6 g | 2008 | |||||
10 baht | 26 mm | 8.5 g | Outer Ring: Copper-nickel Center Plug: Aluminium bronze |
King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Arun, Bangkok | 1988 |
2008 |
Coins of the Thai baht (Rama X) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Value | Composition | Description | Date of minting | ||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | |||
1 satang | Aluminum | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
5 satang | Aluminum | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
10 satang | Aluminum | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
25 satang | Copper-plated steel | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
50 satang | Copper-plated steel | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
1 baht | Nickel-plated steel | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
2 baht | Aluminum bronze | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
5 baht | Copper nickel-clad copper | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
10 baht | Outer Ring: Copper nickel Center Plug: Aluminium bronze |
King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 |
[edit]
- The 1, 5 and 10 satang are used only internally between banks and are not in circulation.[18]
- Older coins, some of which are still in circulation, had only Thai numerals, but newer designs also have Arabic numerals.
- The standard-issue 10-baht coin has, at the 12 o’clock position on the reverse, raised dots corresponding to Braille cell dot 1 and dots 2-4-5, which correspond to the number 10.
- 10-baht coins are very similar to 2-euro coins in size, shape and weight, and are likewise bi-metallic, although they are worth only 25 eurocents. Vending machines not equipped with up-to-date coin detectors might therefore accept them as €2 coins or old Italian 500 lira coins as well.[19]
- Many commemorative 1-, 2-, 5- and 10-baht coins have been made for special events. There also are 20-, 50-, 100-baht base metal commemorative coins and higher-denomination precious metal coins as well.[which?]
In February 2010 the Treasury Department of Thailand stated that it has been planning a new circulation 20-baht coin.[20]
Banknotes[edit]
In 1851, the government issued notes for 1⁄8, 1⁄4, 3⁄8, 1⁄2 and 1 tical, followed by 3, 4, 6 and 10 tamlueng in 1853. After 1857, notes for 20 and 40 ticals were issued, also bearing their values in Straits dollars and Indian rupees. Undated notes were also issued before 1868 for 5, 7, 8, 12 and 15 tamlueng, and 1 chang. One att notes were issued in 1874.
In 1892, the treasury issued notes for 1, 5, 10, 40, 80, 100, 400 and 800 ticals, called «baht» in the Thai text.
On September 19, 1902, the government introduced notes which were printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, England, during the reigns of kings Rama V and Rama VI, denominated 5, 10, 20, 100 and 1000 ticals, still called baht in the Thai text — each denomination having many types,[21] with 1 and 50 tical notes following in 1918. In 1925, notes were issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 100 and 1,000 baht with the denomination in both Arabic and Thai numerals without English text;[22] English speakers continued to refer to these as «ticals».[23]
On 27 July 2010, the Bank of Thailand announced that the 16th-series banknotes would enter circulation in December 2010.[24][25] On 9 August 2012, the Bank of Thailand issued a new denomination banknote, 80 baht, to commemorate queen Sirikit’s 80th birthday.[26] It was the first Thai banknote that featured Crane’s Motion security thread.
In 2017, the Bank of Thailand announced a new family of banknotes in remembrance of its late king Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). The notes are the same size and dimensions as the «Series 16» banknotes, with the front designs as before, but the back designs featuring images of the king’s life in infancy, adolescence and maturity. The new family of banknotes were issued on September 20.[27]
In 2018, the Bank of Thailand announced a new family of banknotes featuring a portrait of its current king, Maha Vajiralongkorn.
The main colors and dimensions of the notes are the same as before, with the back designs featuring images of the Kings of Thailand from past to present. The 20, 50 and 100 baht banknotes were issued on Chakri Memorial Day, April 6, 2018. The final two denominations, 500 and 1,000 baht were issued on the anniversary of the birth of King Maha Vajiralongkorn, July 28, 2018.[28]
Images of banknotes have been removed lest they infringe copyright,[29] but may be viewed at the Thai-language article linked in the margin.
15th series banknotes[30] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of issue | |
Obverse | Reverse | ||||
20 baht | 138 × 72 mm | Green | King Bhumibol Adulyadej in the uniform of the supreme commander of the armed forces | King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) | 3 March 2003 |
50 baht | 144 × 72 mm | Blue | King Mongkut (Rama IV) | 19 March 2004 | |
100 baht | 150 × 72 mm | Red | King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) and King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) | 21 October 2005 | |
500 baht | 156 × 72 mm | Purple | King Nangklao (Rama III) | 1 August 2001 | |
1,000 baht | 162 × 72 mm | Brown | King Bhumibol Adulyadej; Pa Sak Jolasid Dam | 25 November 2005 | |
16th series banknotes**[30] | |||||
Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of issue | |
Obverse | Reverse | ||||
20 baht[31] | 138 × 72 mm | Green | King Bhumibol Adulyadej in the Royal House of Chakri gown | King Ram Khamhaeng the Great on the Manangkhasila Asana Throne monument; invention of the Thai script; Ramkhamhaeng stele | 1 April 2013[32] |
50 baht[33] | 144 × 72 mm | Blue | King Naresuan the Great pouring water for declaration of independence monument; Statue of king Naresuan the Great on war elephant; Phra Chedi Chai Mongkol temple | 18 January 2012[34] | |
100 baht[35] | 150 × 72 mm | Red | King Taksin the Great monument in Wongwian Yai circle; Phra Ratchawang Doem (King Taksin’s palace); Wichai Prasit Fortress Thonburi | 26 February 2015[36] | |
500 baht[37] | 156 × 72 mm | Violet | King Buddha Yodfa Chulalok the Great (King Rama I) monument; Wat Phra Chetuphon Vimolmangklararm Rajwaramahaviharn (Wat Pho); Phra Sumen Fort (Bangkok city wall) | 12 May 2014[38] | |
1,000 baht[39] | 162 × 72 mm | Brown | King Chunla Chom Klao the Great (King Rama V) monument; Ananta Samakhom throne hall, Dusit palace ground king’s monument, end of slavery in Siam | 21 August 2015[40] | |
17th series banknotes
[41] |
|||||
Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of issue | |
Obverse | Reverse | ||||
20 baht | 138 × 72 mm | Green | King Maha Vajiralongkorn in the uniform of the commander of the Royal Thai Air Force and wearing Order of the Nine Gems | Kings Phra Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) and Phra Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II) | 6 April 2018 |
50 baht | 144 × 72 mm | Blue | Kings Nangklao (Rama III) and Mongkut (Rama IV) | 6 April 2018 | |
100 baht | 150 × 72 mm | Red | Kings Chulalongkorn (Rama V) and Vajiravudh (Rama VI) | 6 April 2018 | |
500 baht | 156 × 72 mm | Purple | Kings Prajadhipok (Rama VII) and Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) | 28 July 2018 | |
1,000 baht | 162 × 72 mm | Brown | Kings Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) and Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) | 28 July 2018 |
Money and unit of mass[edit]
Ngoen (เงิน) is Thai for «silver» as well as the general term for money, reflecting the fact that the baht (or tical) is foremost a unit of weight for precious metals and gemstones. One baht = 15.244 grams.[42] Since the standard purity of Thai gold is 96.5 percent, the actual gold content of one baht by weight is 15.244 × 0.965 = 14.71046 grams; equivalent to about 0.473 troy ounces. 15.244 grams is used for bullion; in the case of jewellery, one baht should be more than 15.16 grams.
Exchange rates[edit]
Historical exchange rate of USD/THB from 1980 to 2015
Historical exchange rate of EUR/THB since 2005
The Bank of Thailand adopted a series of exchange controls on 19 December 2006, which resulted in a significant divergence between offshore and onshore exchange rates, with spreads of up to 10 percent between the two markets. Controls were broadly lifted on 3 March 2008 and there is now no significant difference between offshore and onshore exchange rates.[43]
Year | USD/THB average exchange rate |
---|---|
1999 | 41.34 |
2000 | 40.24 |
2001 | 40.26 |
2002 | 37.92 |
2003 | 32.34 |
2004 | 32.99 |
2005 | 34.34 |
2006 | 31.73 |
2007 | 30.48 |
2008 | 31.07 |
2009 | 30.71 |
2010 | 32.48 |
2011 | 34.25 |
2012 | 35.28 |
2013 | 33.91 |
2014 | 32.48 |
2015 | 34.25 |
2016 | 35.30 |
2017 | 33.94 |
2018 | 32.31 |
2019 | 31.05 |
2020 | 31.30 |
(Source 1999–2013: usd.fx-exchange.com)
(Source 2014–2020: Bank of Thailand) [4]
From Google Finance: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY TWD |
From Yahoo! Finance: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY TWD |
From XE.com: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY TWD |
From OANDA: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY TWD |
See also[edit]
- Economy of Thailand
- Stock Exchange of Thailand
References[edit]
- ^ [1] Archived 2019-04-22 at the Wayback MachineRMB Tracker February 2019 Archived 2019-04-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «Thailand Commemorative Bullet Coins (112)». Scott Semans World Coins. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ «The History of Siamese Money». Welcome to Chiangmai & Chiangrai. June 16, 2010. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
- ^ «เหรียญกษาปณ์ของไทย [Coins of Thailand]». Ministry of Defense of Thailand (in Thai). Archived from the original on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ «เงินตรา [Money]». Royal Thai Mint (in Thai). Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- ^ «รัชกาลที่ 4 รับสั่งทำ «เหรียญกระษาปณ์» รับมือการค้ากับต่างชาติ [King Mongkut ordered the production of western style coins as the response to the rising trades with foreigners]». Silpa Watthanatham Magazine (in Thai). 27 March 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- ^ «กฎกระทรวงการคลัง ออกตามความในพระราชบัญญัติ เงินตราในภาวะฉุกเฉิน พุทธศักราช 2484 (ฉะบับที่ 3) [Ministry of Finance Regulation issued according to Currency during the Emergency Situation of BE 2484 (Issue No. 3) ]». Legislative Institutional Repository of Thailand (in Thai). Retrieved 22 November 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ «THE CURRENCY BEFORE AND DURING THE WAR by Prince Vivadhanajaya 21 July BE 2488 (1945)». วชิรญาณ. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
- ^ «จากระบบอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนอิงตะกร้าเงินสู่ระบบอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนลอยตัว (From Monetary FOREX system to floating FOREX), เศรษฐสาร Vol. 11 No. 7 July BE 2540 (1997)» (PDF) (in Thai). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
- ^ «ลดค่าเงินบาทในภาษาที่ทุกคนเข้าใจ โดย เสรี ทรัพย์เจริญ นิตยสารผู้จัดการ พฤศจิกายน 2527» (in Thai). Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- ^ de Campos, J. J. (1941). «The Origin of the Tical» (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. Siam Heritage Trust. 33.2c. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
From the earliest times in Southern Burma, the weight adopted were not the Chinese liang or tael or its variants, but the Indian bahur and the viss, the latter being divided into 100 ticals. It is this Burmese tical, which was and continues to be in Burma the designation of a definite weight of uncoined silver or its compound, that throws light on the problem of the Thai tical.
- ^ «Banknotes, Series 1». Bank of Thailand. 23 February 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
…each denomination had many types which were printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, England….
- ^ «Banknotes, Series 2». Bank of Thailand. 22 November 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- ^ อันซีน «พิพิธภัณฑ์มีชีวิต ธนบัตรมีเรื่องราว» แห่งเดียวในประเทศไทย [Unseen living museum — Banknotes have stories from the unique museum in Thailand]. Matichon (in Thai). Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
- ^ Lekhakum, Nawarat (2009). เบี้ย บาท กษาปณ์แบงค์ [Cowrie, Baht, Coins, and Bank] โดย นวรัตน์ เลขะกุล (in Thai). สำนักพิมพ์สารคดี [Sarakhadee Press].
- ^ «1835 Rama III unadopted design copper coin «Lotus — MuangThai»«.
- ^ เงินตรา. Royal Thai Mint (in Thai). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
- ^ «Current coins – Royal Thai Mint». Archived from the original on 2019-06-25. Retrieved 2019-06-17.
- ^ Gibbs, William T. (Feb 11, 2002). «Thai bahts causing euro problems — 10-baht coins work in place of 2-euro coins in machines». Coin World. Amos Press. Archived from the original on March 2, 2009.
- ^ http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/economics/32096/20-baht-coins-may-substitute-banknotes.[dead link]
- ^ «Banknotes, Series 1». Bank of Thailand. Feb 26, 2012.
The design was printed only on one side; so the note was called ‘Uniface banknote’. There were 7 denominations….
- ^ «Banknotes, Series 2». Bank of Thailand. Feb 26, 2012. Archived from the original on July 4, 2012.
on the back side was the picture of the Royal Ploughing Ceremony. This type of banknote was called «Ploughing Ceremony Note».
- ^ Duncan Stearn (27 June – 3 July 2003). «Rise of state-sponsored militarism and socialism». Pattaya Mail. Pattaya: Pattaya Mail Publishing Co. XI (26). Archived from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 18 Feb 2012.
Does Japan dominate Siam?» I asked a leading Englishman in Bangkok. He laughed quietly: «Have you any Siamese money?» he asked. I drew out a five-ticul note (about 2 dollars 50c). «Read what is printed at the foot of the note», he commanded. I read, «Thomas de la Rue and Co., London». With calm confidence he said: «As long as the word ‘London’ stands on that Siamese bill, it is not Japan but another little island which will have the larger say in the Kingdom of Siam.
- ^ «New banknotes coming in December». The Nation. 2010-07-28. Archived from the original on 2010-07-29. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
new Thai banknote will circulate in December 2010
- ^ «Thailand to issue new note family in December 2010». Archived from the original on 2011-08-12. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
- ^ «The Introduction of Two Commemorative Banknotes on the Auspicious Occasions of Her Majesty the Queen’s 80th Birthday Anniversary 12 August 2012 and His Royal Highness Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn’s 5th Cycle Birthday Anniversary» (PDF). Bank of Thailand. 3 July 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
- ^ Commemorative Banknote in Remembrance of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej Archived 2017-12-01 at the Wayback Machine Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2017-07-21.
- ^ The Bank of Thailand Launches New Series of Thai Banknotes (Series 17) Archived 2018-03-10 at the Wayback Machine Bank of Thailand (https://www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2018-03-09.
- ^ Wararat, service manager. «Reproduction of Thai banknotes». Bank of Thailand. Archived from the original on 2011-12-06. Retrieved 27 Nov 2011.
In Thailand, the Bank of Thailand (BOT) has the sole right to design, produce, issue, circulate and manage Thai banknotes. The reproduction of Thai banknotes is protected by the Copyright Act B.E. 2537 Ch.1 Pt.5 §27 (2) communication to public.
- ^ a b «Circulating Banknotes». Bank of Thailand. Archived from the original on 2013-02-20. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
- ^ «Series of Banknotes at Bank of Thailand’s official website».
- ^ «ธปท.เปิดตัวแบงก์ 50 ใหม่ เริ่มใช้ 18 ม.ค.-ปลอมยาก!». ASTV Manager Daily. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 12 Jan 2012.
- ^ «50_16».
- ^ «ธปท.ออกใช้ธนบัตรชนิดราคา 20บาท แบบใหม่». Than Setthakij. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 28 Mar 2013.
- ^ «100_16».
- ^ Press release announcing the issuance of the Series 16 100 baht banknote Archived 2015-02-24 at the Wayback Machine Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2015-02-24.
- ^ «500_16».
- ^ Press release announcing the issuance of the Series 16 500 baht banknote Archived 2015-04-03 at the Wayback Machine Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2014-05-08.
- ^ «1000 Baht Series 16».
- ^ Press release announcing the issuance of the Series 16 1,000 baht banknote Archived 2015-10-09 at the Wayback Machine Bank of Thailand (www.boh.or.th). Retrieved on 2015-08-18.
- ^ «The Bank of Thailand Launches New Series of Thai Banknotes (Series 17), BOT Press Release No. 17/2018» (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
- ^ «A sure bet or fool’s gold?», Bangkok Post 2010-01-10[dead link]
- ^ «UPDATE 1-Onshore and offshore Thai baht converge, c.bank seen». Reuters. 3 March 2008.
- Sources
- Cecil Carter eds.[clarification needed], The Kingdom of Siam 1904, reprint by the Siam Society 1988, ISBN 974-8298-13-2, chapter X Currency and Banking
- Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1991 (18th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501.
- Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.
External links[edit]
- (in Thai) Compare exchange rates of the Thai Baht from many bank in Thailand.
- (in English, German, and French) The banknotes of Thailand
«Baht» redirects here. For the unit of mass, see Tical (unit). For the river in Morocco, see Baht River. For the town in Uzbekistan, see Baxt.
บาทไทย (Thai) | |
---|---|
Baht banknotes and coins issued by the Bank of Thailand |
|
ISO 4217 | |
Code | THB (numeric: 764) |
Subunit | 0.01 |
Unit | |
Plural | The language(s) of this currency do(es) not have a morphological plural distinction. |
Symbol | ฿ |
Denominations | |
Subunit | |
1⁄100 | satang |
Banknotes | |
Freq. used | ฿20, ฿50, ฿100, ฿500, ฿1000 |
Coins | |
Freq. used | 25, 50 satang, ฿1, ฿2, ฿5, ฿10 |
Rarely used | 1, 5, 10 satang |
Demographics | |
Official user(s) | |
Unofficial user(s) |
|
Issuance | |
Central bank | Bank of Thailand |
Website | www.bot.or.th |
Printer | Note Printing Works of the Bank of Thailand |
Mint | Royal Thai Mint |
Website | www.royalthaimint.net |
Valuation | |
Inflation | 1.0% |
Source | Inflation (annual %), World Bank, 2011–2015 |
The baht (; Thai: บาท, pronounced [bàːt]; sign: ฿; code: THB) is the official currency of Thailand. It is divided into 100 satang (สตางค์, pronounced [sà.tāːŋ]). The issuance of currency is the responsibility of the Bank of Thailand. SWIFT ranked the Thai baht as the 10th-most-frequently used world payment currency as of January 2019.[1]
History[edit]
The Thai baht, like the pound, originated from a traditional unit of mass. Its currency value was originally expressed as that of silver of corresponding weight (now defined as 15 grams), and was in use probably as early as the Sukhothai period in the form of bullet coins known in Thai as phot duang.[2] These were pieces of solid silver cast to various weights corresponding to a traditional system of units related by simple fractions and multiples, one of which is the baht. These are listed in the following table:[3][4]
Unit (RTGS) | Thai spelling | Relative value | Value relative to baht | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bia | เบี้ย | 1⁄100 at | 1⁄6400 | Bia is Thai for cowry, the shell of which was used as a trade medium of the same value. |
Solot | โสฬส | 1⁄16 fueang | 1⁄128 | Solot here literally means «sixteen» or sixteenth, referring to the fractional amount relative to a fueang. |
At | อัฐ | 1⁄8 fueang | 1⁄64 | Likewise, at literally means eight. |
Siao/Phai | เสี้ยว/ไพ | 1⁄4 fueang | 1⁄32 | Siao means quarter. |
Sik | ซีก | 1⁄2 fueang | 1⁄16 | Sik means half. |
Fueang | เฟื้อง | 1⁄8 baht | 1⁄8 | The smallest silver bullet coins available in the market. |
Salueng | สลึง | 1⁄4 baht (0.25 baht, 25 satang | 1⁄4 | Thai version of the Mace (unit). |
Song salueng | สองสลึง | 1⁄2 baht (0.50 baht, 50 satang) | 1⁄2 | |
Baht | บาท | 1 | ||
Tamlueng | ตำลึง | 4 baht | 4 | Thai version of the tael. |
Chang | ชั่ง | 20 tamlueng | 80 | Thai version of the catty. |
That system was in use up until 1897, when the decimal system devised by Prince Jayanta Mongkol, in which one baht = 100 satang, was introduced by his half-brother King Chulalongkorn along with the demonetization of silver bullet coins on 28 October 1904 after the end of silver bullet coin production by the opening of Sitthikarn Royal Mint in 1857.[5] However, coins denominated in the old units were issued until 1910, and the amount of 25 satang is still commonly referred to as a salueng, as is the 25-satang coin.
Until 27 November 1902, the baht was fixed on a purely silver basis, with 15 grams of silver to the baht. This caused the value of the currency to vary relative to currencies on a gold standard. From 1856 to 1864, the values of certain foreign silver coins were fixed by law, with 5 baht = 3 Spanish dollar = 7 Indian rupees.[6] Before 1880 the exchange rate was fixed at 8 baht per pound sterling, falling to 10 to the pound during the 1880s.
In 1902, the government began to increase the value of the baht by following all increases in the value of silver against gold but not reducing it when the silver price fell. Beginning at 21.75 baht per pound sterling, the currency rose in value until, in 1908, a fixed peg to the British pound sterling was established of 13 baht per pound. This was revised to 12 baht in 1919 and then, after a period of instability, to 11 baht in 1923. During World War II, the baht was fixed at a value of one Japanese yen on 22 April 1942.[7][8]
From 1956 until 1973, the baht was pegged to the US dollar at an exchange rate of 20.8 baht = one dollar and at 20 baht = 1 dollar until 1978.[9]
[10] A strengthening US economy caused Thailand to re-peg its currency at 25 to the dollar from 1984 until 2 July 1997, when the country was affected by the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The baht was floated and halved in value, reaching its lowest rate of 56 to the dollar in January 1998. It rose to 30 per dollar in January 2021.
The baht was originally known to foreigners by the term tical,[11] which was used in English language text on banknotes until the series 2 1925.[12][13]
Coins[edit]
Cowrie shells from the Mekong River had been used as currency for small amounts since the Sukhothai period. Before 1860, Thailand did not produce coins using modern methods. Instead, a so-called «bullet» coinage was used, consisting of bars of metal, thicker in the middle, bent round to form a complete circle on which identifying marks were stamped.[14][15] Denominations issued included 1⁄128, 1⁄64, 1⁄32, 1⁄16, 1⁄8, 1⁄2, 1, 1+1⁄2, 2, 2+1⁄2, 4, 4+1⁄2, 8, 10, 20, 40 and 80 baht in silver and 1⁄32, 1⁄16, 1⁄8, 1⁄2, 1, 1+1⁄2, 2 and 4 baht in gold. One gold baht was generally worth 16 silver baht. Between 1858 and 1860, foreign trade coins were also stamped by the government for use in Thailand.
Rama III (1824–1851) was the first king to consider the use of a flat coin. He did so not for the convenience of traders, but because he was disturbed that the creatures living in the cowrie shells were killed. When he learned of the use of flat copper coins in Singapore in 1835, he contacted a Scottish trader, who had two types of experimental coins struck in England. The king rejected both designs. The name of the country put on these first coins was Muang Thai, not Siam.[16][17]
In 1860, modern style coins were introduced. These were silver 1 sik, 1 fuang, 1 and 2 salung, 1, 2 and 4 baht, with the baht weighing 15.244 grams and the others weight-related. Tin 1 solot and 1 att followed in 1862, with gold 2+1⁄2, 4 and 8 baht introduced in 1863 and copper 2 and 4 att in 1865. Copper replaced tin in the 1 solot and 1 att in 1874, with copper 4 att introduced in 1876. The last gold coins were struck in 1895.
In 1897, the first coins denominated in satang were introduced, cupronickel 2+1⁄2, 5, 10 and 20 satang. However, 1 solot, 1 and 2 att coins were struck until 1905 and 1 fuang coins were struck until 1910. In 1908, holed 1, 5 and 10 satang coins were introduced, with the 1 satang in bronze and the 5 and 10 satang in nickel. The 1 and 2 salung were replaced by 25 and 50 satang coins in 1915. In 1937, holed, bronze 1⁄2 satang were issued.
In 1941, a series of silver coins was introduced in denominations of 5, 10 and 20 satang, due to a shortage of nickel caused by World War II. The next year, tin coins were introduced for 1, 5 and 10 satang, followed by 20 satang in 1945 and 25 and 50 satang in 1946. In 1950, aluminium bronze 5, 10, 25 and 50 satang were introduced whilst, in 1957, bronze 5 and 10 satang were issued, along with 1-baht coins struck in an unusual alloy of copper, nickel, silver and zinc. Several Thai coins were issued for many years without changing the date. These include the tin 1942 1 satang and the 1950 5 and 10 satang, struck until 1973, the tin 1946 25 satang struck until 1964, the tin 50 satang struck until 1957, and the aluminium bronze 1957 5, 10, 25 and 50 satang struck until the 1970s. Cupronickel 1-baht coins were introduced in 1962 and struck without date change until 1982.
In 1972, cupronickel 5-baht coins were introduced, switching to cupronickel-clad copper in 1977. Between 1986 and 1988, a new coinage was introduced, consisting of aluminium 1, 5 and 10 satang, aluminium-bronze 25 and 50 satang, cupronickel 1 baht, cupronickel-clad-copper 5 baht and bimetallic 10 baht. Cupronickel-clad-steel 2 baht were introduced in 2005.
In 2008, the Ministry of Finance and the Royal Thai Mint announced the 2009 coin series, which included changes in materials to reduce production costs as well as an update of the image on the obverse to a more recent portrait of the king. The two-baht coin, confusingly similar in color and size to the one-baht coin, was changed from nickel-clad low-carbon steel to aluminium bronze. New two-baht coin was the first of the new series released on February 3, 2009, followed by a satang coin in April, a five-baht coin in May, a ten-baht coin in June, and a one-baht coin in July 2009.
In 2018, the Royal Thai Mint and the Ministry of Finance issued a new series of general circulation coins, featuring the same standard specifications, but feature a portrait of its current king, Maha Vajiralongkorn.
Coins of the Thai baht (Rama IX) [2] [3] (in Thai) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Technical parameters | Description | Date of first minting | |||
Diameter | Mass | Composition | Obverse | Reverse | ||
1 satang 1 | 15 mm | 0.5 g | 97.5% Al, 2.5% Mg | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra That Hariphunchai, Lamphun | 1987 |
99% Aluminium | 2008 | |||||
5 satang 1 | 16 mm | 0.6 g | 97.5% Al, 2.5% Mg | Wat Phra Pathom Chedi, Nakhon Pathom | 1987 | |
16.5 mm | 99% Aluminium | 2008 | ||||
10 satang 1 | 17.5 mm | 0.8 g | 97.5% Al, 2.5% Mg | Wat Phra That Choeng Chum, Sakon Nakhon | 1987 | |
99% Aluminium | 2008 | |||||
25 satang | 16 mm | 1.9 g | Aluminium bronze | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra Mahathat, Nakhon Si Thammarat | 1987 |
16 mm | 1.9 g | Copper-plated steel | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra Mahathat, Nakhon Si Thammarat | 2008 | |
50 satang | 18 mm | 2.4 g | Aluminium bronze | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra That Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai | 1987 |
18 mm | 2.4 g | Copper-plated steel | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra That Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai | 2008 | |
1 baht | 20 mm | 3.4 g | Cupronickel (1986–2008) | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra Kaew, Bangkok | 1986 |
3 g | Nickel-plated steel (2008–present) | 2008 | ||||
2 baht | 21.75 mm | 4.4 g | Nickel-plated low-carbon steel | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Saket, Bangkok | 2005 |
21.75 mm | 4 g | Aluminium bronze | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Saket, Bangkok | 2008 | |
5 baht | 24 mm | 7.5 g | Copper nickel-clad copper | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Benchamabophit, Bangkok | 1988 |
6 g | 2008 | |||||
10 baht | 26 mm | 8.5 g | Outer Ring: Copper-nickel Center Plug: Aluminium bronze |
King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Arun, Bangkok | 1988 |
2008 |
Coins of the Thai baht (Rama X) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Value | Composition | Description | Date of minting | ||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | |||
1 satang | Aluminum | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
5 satang | Aluminum | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
10 satang | Aluminum | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
25 satang | Copper-plated steel | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
50 satang | Copper-plated steel | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
1 baht | Nickel-plated steel | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
2 baht | Aluminum bronze | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
5 baht | Copper nickel-clad copper | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
10 baht | Outer Ring: Copper nickel Center Plug: Aluminium bronze |
King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 |
[edit]
- The 1, 5 and 10 satang are used only internally between banks and are not in circulation.[18]
- Older coins, some of which are still in circulation, had only Thai numerals, but newer designs also have Arabic numerals.
- The standard-issue 10-baht coin has, at the 12 o’clock position on the reverse, raised dots corresponding to Braille cell dot 1 and dots 2-4-5, which correspond to the number 10.
- 10-baht coins are very similar to 2-euro coins in size, shape and weight, and are likewise bi-metallic, although they are worth only 25 eurocents. Vending machines not equipped with up-to-date coin detectors might therefore accept them as €2 coins or old Italian 500 lira coins as well.[19]
- Many commemorative 1-, 2-, 5- and 10-baht coins have been made for special events. There also are 20-, 50-, 100-baht base metal commemorative coins and higher-denomination precious metal coins as well.[which?]
In February 2010 the Treasury Department of Thailand stated that it has been planning a new circulation 20-baht coin.[20]
Banknotes[edit]
In 1851, the government issued notes for 1⁄8, 1⁄4, 3⁄8, 1⁄2 and 1 tical, followed by 3, 4, 6 and 10 tamlueng in 1853. After 1857, notes for 20 and 40 ticals were issued, also bearing their values in Straits dollars and Indian rupees. Undated notes were also issued before 1868 for 5, 7, 8, 12 and 15 tamlueng, and 1 chang. One att notes were issued in 1874.
In 1892, the treasury issued notes for 1, 5, 10, 40, 80, 100, 400 and 800 ticals, called «baht» in the Thai text.
On September 19, 1902, the government introduced notes which were printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, England, during the reigns of kings Rama V and Rama VI, denominated 5, 10, 20, 100 and 1000 ticals, still called baht in the Thai text — each denomination having many types,[21] with 1 and 50 tical notes following in 1918. In 1925, notes were issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 100 and 1,000 baht with the denomination in both Arabic and Thai numerals without English text;[22] English speakers continued to refer to these as «ticals».[23]
On 27 July 2010, the Bank of Thailand announced that the 16th-series banknotes would enter circulation in December 2010.[24][25] On 9 August 2012, the Bank of Thailand issued a new denomination banknote, 80 baht, to commemorate queen Sirikit’s 80th birthday.[26] It was the first Thai banknote that featured Crane’s Motion security thread.
In 2017, the Bank of Thailand announced a new family of banknotes in remembrance of its late king Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). The notes are the same size and dimensions as the «Series 16» banknotes, with the front designs as before, but the back designs featuring images of the king’s life in infancy, adolescence and maturity. The new family of banknotes were issued on September 20.[27]
In 2018, the Bank of Thailand announced a new family of banknotes featuring a portrait of its current king, Maha Vajiralongkorn.
The main colors and dimensions of the notes are the same as before, with the back designs featuring images of the Kings of Thailand from past to present. The 20, 50 and 100 baht banknotes were issued on Chakri Memorial Day, April 6, 2018. The final two denominations, 500 and 1,000 baht were issued on the anniversary of the birth of King Maha Vajiralongkorn, July 28, 2018.[28]
Images of banknotes have been removed lest they infringe copyright,[29] but may be viewed at the Thai-language article linked in the margin.
15th series banknotes[30] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of issue | |
Obverse | Reverse | ||||
20 baht | 138 × 72 mm | Green | King Bhumibol Adulyadej in the uniform of the supreme commander of the armed forces | King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) | 3 March 2003 |
50 baht | 144 × 72 mm | Blue | King Mongkut (Rama IV) | 19 March 2004 | |
100 baht | 150 × 72 mm | Red | King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) and King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) | 21 October 2005 | |
500 baht | 156 × 72 mm | Purple | King Nangklao (Rama III) | 1 August 2001 | |
1,000 baht | 162 × 72 mm | Brown | King Bhumibol Adulyadej; Pa Sak Jolasid Dam | 25 November 2005 | |
16th series banknotes**[30] | |||||
Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of issue | |
Obverse | Reverse | ||||
20 baht[31] | 138 × 72 mm | Green | King Bhumibol Adulyadej in the Royal House of Chakri gown | King Ram Khamhaeng the Great on the Manangkhasila Asana Throne monument; invention of the Thai script; Ramkhamhaeng stele | 1 April 2013[32] |
50 baht[33] | 144 × 72 mm | Blue | King Naresuan the Great pouring water for declaration of independence monument; Statue of king Naresuan the Great on war elephant; Phra Chedi Chai Mongkol temple | 18 January 2012[34] | |
100 baht[35] | 150 × 72 mm | Red | King Taksin the Great monument in Wongwian Yai circle; Phra Ratchawang Doem (King Taksin’s palace); Wichai Prasit Fortress Thonburi | 26 February 2015[36] | |
500 baht[37] | 156 × 72 mm | Violet | King Buddha Yodfa Chulalok the Great (King Rama I) monument; Wat Phra Chetuphon Vimolmangklararm Rajwaramahaviharn (Wat Pho); Phra Sumen Fort (Bangkok city wall) | 12 May 2014[38] | |
1,000 baht[39] | 162 × 72 mm | Brown | King Chunla Chom Klao the Great (King Rama V) monument; Ananta Samakhom throne hall, Dusit palace ground king’s monument, end of slavery in Siam | 21 August 2015[40] | |
17th series banknotes
[41] |
|||||
Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of issue | |
Obverse | Reverse | ||||
20 baht | 138 × 72 mm | Green | King Maha Vajiralongkorn in the uniform of the commander of the Royal Thai Air Force and wearing Order of the Nine Gems | Kings Phra Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) and Phra Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II) | 6 April 2018 |
50 baht | 144 × 72 mm | Blue | Kings Nangklao (Rama III) and Mongkut (Rama IV) | 6 April 2018 | |
100 baht | 150 × 72 mm | Red | Kings Chulalongkorn (Rama V) and Vajiravudh (Rama VI) | 6 April 2018 | |
500 baht | 156 × 72 mm | Purple | Kings Prajadhipok (Rama VII) and Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) | 28 July 2018 | |
1,000 baht | 162 × 72 mm | Brown | Kings Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) and Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) | 28 July 2018 |
Money and unit of mass[edit]
Ngoen (เงิน) is Thai for «silver» as well as the general term for money, reflecting the fact that the baht (or tical) is foremost a unit of weight for precious metals and gemstones. One baht = 15.244 grams.[42] Since the standard purity of Thai gold is 96.5 percent, the actual gold content of one baht by weight is 15.244 × 0.965 = 14.71046 grams; equivalent to about 0.473 troy ounces. 15.244 grams is used for bullion; in the case of jewellery, one baht should be more than 15.16 grams.
Exchange rates[edit]
Historical exchange rate of USD/THB from 1980 to 2015
Historical exchange rate of EUR/THB since 2005
The Bank of Thailand adopted a series of exchange controls on 19 December 2006, which resulted in a significant divergence between offshore and onshore exchange rates, with spreads of up to 10 percent between the two markets. Controls were broadly lifted on 3 March 2008 and there is now no significant difference between offshore and onshore exchange rates.[43]
Year | USD/THB average exchange rate |
---|---|
1999 | 41.34 |
2000 | 40.24 |
2001 | 40.26 |
2002 | 37.92 |
2003 | 32.34 |
2004 | 32.99 |
2005 | 34.34 |
2006 | 31.73 |
2007 | 30.48 |
2008 | 31.07 |
2009 | 30.71 |
2010 | 32.48 |
2011 | 34.25 |
2012 | 35.28 |
2013 | 33.91 |
2014 | 32.48 |
2015 | 34.25 |
2016 | 35.30 |
2017 | 33.94 |
2018 | 32.31 |
2019 | 31.05 |
2020 | 31.30 |
(Source 1999–2013: usd.fx-exchange.com)
(Source 2014–2020: Bank of Thailand) [4]
From Google Finance: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY TWD |
From Yahoo! Finance: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY TWD |
From XE.com: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY TWD |
From OANDA: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD INR CNY TWD |
See also[edit]
- Economy of Thailand
- Stock Exchange of Thailand
References[edit]
- ^ [1] Archived 2019-04-22 at the Wayback MachineRMB Tracker February 2019 Archived 2019-04-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ «Thailand Commemorative Bullet Coins (112)». Scott Semans World Coins. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ «The History of Siamese Money». Welcome to Chiangmai & Chiangrai. June 16, 2010. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
- ^ «เหรียญกษาปณ์ของไทย [Coins of Thailand]». Ministry of Defense of Thailand (in Thai). Archived from the original on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ^ «เงินตรา [Money]». Royal Thai Mint (in Thai). Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- ^ «รัชกาลที่ 4 รับสั่งทำ «เหรียญกระษาปณ์» รับมือการค้ากับต่างชาติ [King Mongkut ordered the production of western style coins as the response to the rising trades with foreigners]». Silpa Watthanatham Magazine (in Thai). 27 March 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- ^ «กฎกระทรวงการคลัง ออกตามความในพระราชบัญญัติ เงินตราในภาวะฉุกเฉิน พุทธศักราช 2484 (ฉะบับที่ 3) [Ministry of Finance Regulation issued according to Currency during the Emergency Situation of BE 2484 (Issue No. 3) ]». Legislative Institutional Repository of Thailand (in Thai). Retrieved 22 November 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ «THE CURRENCY BEFORE AND DURING THE WAR by Prince Vivadhanajaya 21 July BE 2488 (1945)». วชิรญาณ. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
- ^ «จากระบบอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนอิงตะกร้าเงินสู่ระบบอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนลอยตัว (From Monetary FOREX system to floating FOREX), เศรษฐสาร Vol. 11 No. 7 July BE 2540 (1997)» (PDF) (in Thai). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
- ^ «ลดค่าเงินบาทในภาษาที่ทุกคนเข้าใจ โดย เสรี ทรัพย์เจริญ นิตยสารผู้จัดการ พฤศจิกายน 2527» (in Thai). Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- ^ de Campos, J. J. (1941). «The Origin of the Tical» (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. Siam Heritage Trust. 33.2c. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
From the earliest times in Southern Burma, the weight adopted were not the Chinese liang or tael or its variants, but the Indian bahur and the viss, the latter being divided into 100 ticals. It is this Burmese tical, which was and continues to be in Burma the designation of a definite weight of uncoined silver or its compound, that throws light on the problem of the Thai tical.
- ^ «Banknotes, Series 1». Bank of Thailand. 23 February 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
…each denomination had many types which were printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, England….
- ^ «Banknotes, Series 2». Bank of Thailand. 22 November 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- ^ อันซีน «พิพิธภัณฑ์มีชีวิต ธนบัตรมีเรื่องราว» แห่งเดียวในประเทศไทย [Unseen living museum — Banknotes have stories from the unique museum in Thailand]. Matichon (in Thai). Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
- ^ Lekhakum, Nawarat (2009). เบี้ย บาท กษาปณ์แบงค์ [Cowrie, Baht, Coins, and Bank] โดย นวรัตน์ เลขะกุล (in Thai). สำนักพิมพ์สารคดี [Sarakhadee Press].
- ^ «1835 Rama III unadopted design copper coin «Lotus — MuangThai»«.
- ^ เงินตรา. Royal Thai Mint (in Thai). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
- ^ «Current coins – Royal Thai Mint». Archived from the original on 2019-06-25. Retrieved 2019-06-17.
- ^ Gibbs, William T. (Feb 11, 2002). «Thai bahts causing euro problems — 10-baht coins work in place of 2-euro coins in machines». Coin World. Amos Press. Archived from the original on March 2, 2009.
- ^ http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/economics/32096/20-baht-coins-may-substitute-banknotes.[dead link]
- ^ «Banknotes, Series 1». Bank of Thailand. Feb 26, 2012.
The design was printed only on one side; so the note was called ‘Uniface banknote’. There were 7 denominations….
- ^ «Banknotes, Series 2». Bank of Thailand. Feb 26, 2012. Archived from the original on July 4, 2012.
on the back side was the picture of the Royal Ploughing Ceremony. This type of banknote was called «Ploughing Ceremony Note».
- ^ Duncan Stearn (27 June – 3 July 2003). «Rise of state-sponsored militarism and socialism». Pattaya Mail. Pattaya: Pattaya Mail Publishing Co. XI (26). Archived from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 18 Feb 2012.
Does Japan dominate Siam?» I asked a leading Englishman in Bangkok. He laughed quietly: «Have you any Siamese money?» he asked. I drew out a five-ticul note (about 2 dollars 50c). «Read what is printed at the foot of the note», he commanded. I read, «Thomas de la Rue and Co., London». With calm confidence he said: «As long as the word ‘London’ stands on that Siamese bill, it is not Japan but another little island which will have the larger say in the Kingdom of Siam.
- ^ «New banknotes coming in December». The Nation. 2010-07-28. Archived from the original on 2010-07-29. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
new Thai banknote will circulate in December 2010
- ^ «Thailand to issue new note family in December 2010». Archived from the original on 2011-08-12. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
- ^ «The Introduction of Two Commemorative Banknotes on the Auspicious Occasions of Her Majesty the Queen’s 80th Birthday Anniversary 12 August 2012 and His Royal Highness Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn’s 5th Cycle Birthday Anniversary» (PDF). Bank of Thailand. 3 July 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
- ^ Commemorative Banknote in Remembrance of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej Archived 2017-12-01 at the Wayback Machine Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2017-07-21.
- ^ The Bank of Thailand Launches New Series of Thai Banknotes (Series 17) Archived 2018-03-10 at the Wayback Machine Bank of Thailand (https://www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2018-03-09.
- ^ Wararat, service manager. «Reproduction of Thai banknotes». Bank of Thailand. Archived from the original on 2011-12-06. Retrieved 27 Nov 2011.
In Thailand, the Bank of Thailand (BOT) has the sole right to design, produce, issue, circulate and manage Thai banknotes. The reproduction of Thai banknotes is protected by the Copyright Act B.E. 2537 Ch.1 Pt.5 §27 (2) communication to public.
- ^ a b «Circulating Banknotes». Bank of Thailand. Archived from the original on 2013-02-20. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
- ^ «Series of Banknotes at Bank of Thailand’s official website».
- ^ «ธปท.เปิดตัวแบงก์ 50 ใหม่ เริ่มใช้ 18 ม.ค.-ปลอมยาก!». ASTV Manager Daily. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 12 Jan 2012.
- ^ «50_16».
- ^ «ธปท.ออกใช้ธนบัตรชนิดราคา 20บาท แบบใหม่». Than Setthakij. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 28 Mar 2013.
- ^ «100_16».
- ^ Press release announcing the issuance of the Series 16 100 baht banknote Archived 2015-02-24 at the Wayback Machine Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2015-02-24.
- ^ «500_16».
- ^ Press release announcing the issuance of the Series 16 500 baht banknote Archived 2015-04-03 at the Wayback Machine Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2014-05-08.
- ^ «1000 Baht Series 16».
- ^ Press release announcing the issuance of the Series 16 1,000 baht banknote Archived 2015-10-09 at the Wayback Machine Bank of Thailand (www.boh.or.th). Retrieved on 2015-08-18.
- ^ «The Bank of Thailand Launches New Series of Thai Banknotes (Series 17), BOT Press Release No. 17/2018» (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
- ^ «A sure bet or fool’s gold?», Bangkok Post 2010-01-10[dead link]
- ^ «UPDATE 1-Onshore and offshore Thai baht converge, c.bank seen». Reuters. 3 March 2008.
- Sources
- Cecil Carter eds.[clarification needed], The Kingdom of Siam 1904, reprint by the Siam Society 1988, ISBN 974-8298-13-2, chapter X Currency and Banking
- Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1991 (18th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501.
- Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.
External links[edit]
- (in Thai) Compare exchange rates of the Thai Baht from many bank in Thailand.
- (in English, German, and French) The banknotes of Thailand
Официальная валюта Таиланда
Тайский бат | |
---|---|
บาท ไทย (Тайский ) | |
ISO 4217 | |
Код | THB |
Число | 764 |
Показатель | 2 |
Номиналы | |
Подразделение | |
⁄100 | сатанг |
Множественное число | Язык (и) этой валюты не имеет морфологического множественного числа. |
Символ | ฿ |
Банкноты | |
Используемая частота | ฿ 20, ฿ 50, ฿ 100, 500, used 1000 |
Редко используется | ฿ 60, ฿ 70, ฿ 80, 500 000 (все памятные) |
Монеты | |
Часто используются | 25 сатангов, 50 сатангов, ฿1, ฿2, ฿5, ฿ 10 |
Редко используется | 1 сатанг, 5 сатангов, 10 сатангов |
Демография | |
Официальный пользователь (ы) | Таиланд |
Неофициальный пользователь (ы) |
|
Выпуск | |
Центральный банк | Банк Таиланда |
Веб-сайт | www.bot.or.th |
Принтер | Банкноты Типографии Банка Таиланда. Китай Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation |
Веб-сайт | www.cbpm.cn |
Монетный двор | Королевский монетный двор Таиланда |
Веб-сайт | www.royalthaimint. чистая |
Оценка | |
Инфляция | 1,0% |
Источник | Инфляция (годовой%), Всемирный банк, 2011-2015 гг. |
бат (; Тайский : บาท, произносится ; знак : ฿; код : THB ) — официальная валюта в Таиланде. Он разделен на 100 сатангов (สตางค์, произносится ). За выпуск валюты отвечает Банк Таиланда.
Согласно Bloomberg, тайский бат был лучшей валютой в мире в 2018 году. SWIFT, as в январе 2019 года тайский бат занял 10-е место среди наиболее часто используемых мировых платежных валют.
The South China Morning Post сообщает, что Китайская корпорация по печати и чеканке банкнот печатает и чеканит некоторые тайские банкноты. и монеты.
Содержание
- 1 История
- 2 Монеты
- 2.1 Примечания
- 3 Банкноты
- 4 Деньги и единица массы
- 5 Обменные курсы
- 5.1 Текущие обменные курсы THB
- 6 См. Также
- 7 Ссылки
- 8 Внешние ссылки
История
Тайский бат, как и фунт, произошел от традиционной единицы массы. Первоначально его денежная стоимость выражалась в серебре соответствующего веса (в настоящее время определяется как 15 граммов) и использовалась, вероятно, еще в период Сукхотай в форме пулевых монет, известных на тайском языке как фот дуанг. (Тайский : พดด้วง). Это были куски чистого серебра, отлитые разного веса, соответствующие традиционной системе единиц, связанных простыми дробями и кратными, одна из которых — бат. Они перечислены в следующей таблице:
Единица (RTGS ) | Тайское правописание | Относительное значение | Значение относительно бата | Примечания |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bia | เบี้ย | ⁄100 at | ⁄6400 | Bia по-тайски означает каури, раковина которого использовалась как средство торговли той же ценности. |
Solot | โสฬส | ⁄16fueang | ⁄128 | Solot здесь буквально означает «шестнадцать» или шестнадцатое, имея в виду дробное количество относительно fueang. |
At | อัฐ | ⁄8fueang | ⁄64 | Аналогично, at буквально означает восемь. |
Siao/Phai | เสี้ยว / ไพ | ⁄4fueang | ⁄32 | Siao означает четверть. |
Sik | ซีก | ⁄2fueang | ⁄16 | Сик означает половину. |
Фуэанг | เฟื้อง | ⁄8бат | ⁄8 | |
Салуенг | สลึง | ⁄4бат (0,25 бат, 25 сатангов | ⁄4 | |
Сун салуенг | สอง สลึง | ⁄2бат (0,50 бат, 50 сатангов) | ⁄2 | |
бат | บาท | 1 | ||
Tamlueng | ตำลึง | 4 бат | 4 | Тайская версия tael. |
Chang | ชั่ง | 20 tamlueng | 80 | Тайская версия catty. |
Эта система использовалась до 1897 г. Десятичная система, изобретенная принцем Джаянтой Монгколом, в которой один бат = 100 сатангов, была введена его сводным братом Королем Чулалонгкорном. Однако монеты, деноминированные в старых единицах, выпускались до 1910 года, и сумма в 25 сатангов все еще обычно называется салуенг, как и монета в 25 сатангов.
До 27 ноября 1902 года бат был установлен исключительно на серебряной основе, из расчета 15 граммов серебра за бат. Это привело к тому, что стоимость валюты изменилась относительно валют по золотому стандарту . В 1857 году стоимость некоторых иностранных серебряных монет была установлена законом: один бат = 0,6 доллар пролива и пять бат = семь индийских рупий. До 1880 года обменный курс был установлен на уровне восьми бат за фунт стерлингов, упав до 10 за фунт в 1880-х годах.
В 1902 году правительство начало увеличивать стоимость бата, отслеживая все увеличения стоимости серебра по отношению к золоту, но не снижая ее, когда цена на серебро упала. Начиная с 21,75 бат = один фунт стерлингов, валюта росла в цене, пока в 1908 году не была установлена фиксированная привязка к британскому фунту стерлингов в размере 13 бат = один фунт. В 1919 году он был изменен до 12 бат, а затем, после периода нестабильности, до 11 бат в 1923 году. Во время Второй мировой войны бат был установлен на уровне одной японской иены.
С 1956 по 1973 год курс бат был привязан к доллару США. доллар по обменному курсу 20,8 бат = 1 доллар и 20 бат = 1 доллар до 1978 года. Укрепляющаяся экономика США заставила Таиланд повторно привязать свою валюту к 25 за доллар с 1984 по 2 июля 1997 года, когда страна пострадала от азиатского финансового кризиса 1997 года. Бат был выпущен в обращение и упал в цене вдвое, достигнув самого низкого уровня в 56 за доллар в январе 1998 года. С тех пор он вырос примерно до 30 за доллар.
Бат был первоначально известен иностранцам под термином tical, который использовался в английском языке текст на банкнотах до 1925 года.
Монеты
Рама III (1824–1851) был первым королем, который рассмотрел возможность использования плоской монеты. Он сделал это не для удобства торговцев, а потому, что был обеспокоен тем, что существа, живущие в раковинах каури, были убиты. Когда он узнал об использовании плоских медных монет в Сингапуре в 1835 году, он связался с шотландским торговцем, у которого в Англии были отчеканены экспериментальные монеты двух типов. Король отклонил оба замысла. Эти первые монеты были названы «Муанг Тай», а не «Сиам».
Ракушки каури из реки Меконг использовались в качестве валюты для небольших сумм со времен Сукхотай. До 1860 года Таиланд не производил монеты современными методами. Вместо этого использовалась так называемая «пулевая» чеканка, состоящая из металлических прутков, более толстых посередине, изогнутых так, чтобы образовать полный круг, на котором были нанесены опознавательные знаки. Были выпущены купюры ⁄ 128, ⁄ 64, ⁄ 32, ⁄ 16, ⁄ 8, ⁄ 2, 1, 1 ⁄ 2, 2, 2 ⁄ 2, 4, 4 ⁄ 2, 8, 10, 20, 40 и 80 бат серебром и ⁄ 32, ⁄ 16, ⁄ 8, ⁄ 2, 1, 1 ⁄ 2, 2 и 4 бата золотом. Один золотой бат обычно стоит 16 серебряных бат. Между 1858 и 1860 годами правительство также штамповало монеты для внешней торговли для использования в Таиланде.
В 1860 году были введены монеты современного образца. Это были серебряные 1 сик, 1 фуанг, 1 и 2 салунга, 1, 2 и 4 бата, при этом вес одного бата составлял 15,244 грамма, а остальные относились к весу. Олово 1 солот и 1 атт последовали в 1862 году, при этом в 1863 году было введено золото 2 ⁄ 2, 4 и 8 бат, а в 1865 году — медь 2 и 4 атт. Медь заменила олово в 1 солоте и 1 атт. в 1874 г., медные 4 атт. введены в 1876 г. Последние золотые монеты были отчеканены в 1895 г.
В 1897 г. были выпущены первые монеты, номинированные в сатанге, мельхиор 2 ⁄ 2, 5, 10 и 20 сатангов. Однако монеты 1 солот, 1 и 2 атта чеканились до 1905 года, а монеты 1 фуанг чеканились до 1910 года. В 1908 году были введены монеты с отверстиями 1, 5 и 10 сатангов, с 1 сатангом в бронзе и с 5 и 10 сатангами. в никеле. 1 и 2 салунги были заменены монетами 25 и 50 сатангов в 1915 году. В 1937 году были выпущены бронзовые ⁄ 2 сатанги с отверстиями.
В 1941 году была введена серия серебряных монет достоинством в 5, 10 и 20 сатангов из-за нехватки никеля, вызванной Второй мировой войной. В следующем году были введены оловянные монеты для 1, 5 и 10 сатангов, затем 20 сатангов в 1945 году и 25 и 50 сатангов в 1946 году. В 1950 году были введены алюминиево-бронзовые 5, 10, 25 и 50 сатангов, в то время как В 1957 году были выпущены бронзовые монеты номиналом 5 и 10 сатанг, а также монеты номиналом 1 бат, отчеканенные из необычного сплава меди, никеля, серебра и цинка. Несколько тайских монет выпускалось много лет без изменения даты. К ним относятся олово 1942 года 1 сатанг и 1950 5 и 10 сатанг, отчеканенные до 1973 года, олово 1946 года 25 сатангов, отчеканенное до 1964 года, олово 50 сатангов, отчеканенное до 1957 года, и алюминиевая бронза 1957 года, отчеканенная до 5, 10, 25 и 50 сатангов ударил до 1970-х годов. Мельхиоровые монеты номиналом 1 бат были введены в обращение в 1962 году и чеканились без изменения даты до 1982 года.
В 1972 году были введены мельхиоровые монеты номиналом 5 бат, которые в 1977 году были заменены на медь, плакированную мельхиором. Между 1986 и 1988 годами была введена новая чеканка введены, состоящие из алюминия 1, 5 и 10 сатангов, алюминия-бронзы 25 и 50 сатангов, мельхиора 1 бат, мельхиора-меди 5 бат и биметаллического 10 бат. В 2005 году были введены в обращение 2 бата с медно-никелевым покрытием.
В 2008 году Министерство финансов и Королевский монетный двор Таиланда объявили серию монет 2009 года, в которую были внесены изменения в материалах для сокращения производства стоит, а также обновление изображения на лицевой стороне более свежего портрета короля. Монета достоинством в два бата, смущенно похожая по цвету и размеру на монету в один бат, была заменена с никелированной низкоуглеродистой стали на алюминиевую бронзу . Новая монета в два бата была первой из новой серии, выпущенной 3 февраля 2009 года, за ней последовали монета сатанг в апреле, монета в пять батов в мае, монета в десять батов в июне и монета в один бат в Июль 2009 года.
В 2018 году Королевский монетный двор Таиланда и Министерство финансов выпустили новую серию монет общего обращения с теми же стандартными характеристиками, но с портретом его нынешнего короля Маха Ваджиралонгкорна.
Монеты тайского бата (Рама IX) [2 ] [3] (на тайском языке) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Значение | Технические параметры | Описание | Дата первой чеканки | |||
Диаметр | Масса | Состав | Аверс | Обратный | ||
1 сатанг | 15 мм | 0,5 г | 97,5% Al, 2,5% Mg | Кинг Пхумипон Адульядет | Ват Пхра Тхат Харифунчай, Lamphun | 1987 |
99% Алюминий | 2008 | |||||
5 сатанг | 16 мм | 0,6 г | 97,5% Аль, 2,5% Mg | Ват Пхра Патом Чеди, Накхон Патом | 19 87 | |
16,5 мм | 99% Алюминий | 2008 | ||||
10 сатанг | 17,5 мм | 0,8 г | 97,5% Аль, 2,5% Mg | Ват Пхра Тхат Чонг Чум, Сакон Накхон | 1987 | |
99% Алюминий | 2008 | |||||
25 сатанг | 16 мм | 1,9 г | Алюминиевая бронза | Король Пумипон Адульядет | Ват Пхра Махатхат, Накхонситхаммарат | 1987 |
16 мм | 1,9 г | Медь с покрытием сталь | Король Пхумипон Адульядет | Ват Пхра Махатхат, Накхонситхаммарат | 2008 | |
50 сатанг | 18 мм | 2,4 г | Алюминиевая бронза | Король Пумипон Адульядет | Ват Пхратхат Дой Сутхеп, Чиангмай | 1987 |
18 мм | 2,4 г | Медь с покрытием сталь | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep, Чиангмай | 2008 | |
1 бат | 20 мм | 3,4 г | Мельхиор (1986-2008) | Король Пхумипон Адульядет | Ват Пхра Кео, Бангкок | 1986 |
3 г | Никелированный сталь (2008-настоящее время) | 2008 | ||||
2 бат | 21,75 мм | 4,4 г | Низкоуглеродистое покрытие с никелевым покрытием сталь | Король Пхумипон Адульядет | Ват Сакет, Бангкок | 2005 |
21,75 мм | 4 г | Алюминиевая бронза | Король Пхумипон Адульядет | Ват Сакет, Бангкок | 2008 | |
5 бат | 24 мм | 7,5 г | Медь, никель плакированная медь | Король Пхумипон Адульядет | Ват Бенчамабофит, Бангкок | 1988 |
6 г | 2008 | |||||
10 бат | 26 мм | 8,5 g | Внешнее кольцо: Медно-никелевый сплав. Центральная пробка: Алюминиевая бронза | Король Пумипон Адульядет | Ват Арун, Бангкок | 1988 |
2008 |
Монеты тайского бата (Рама X) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Изображение | Значение | Состав | Описание | Дата чеканки | ||
Аверс | Реверс | Аверс | Реверс | |||
1 сатанг | Алюминий | Король Маха Ваджиралонгкорн | Монограмма Маха Ваджиралонгкорна | 2018 | ||
5 сатанг | Алюминий | Король Маха Ваджиралонгкорн | Монограмма Маха Ваджиралонгкорна | 2018 | ||
10 сатанг | Алюминий | Король Маха Ваджиралонгкорн | Монограмма Маха Ваджиралонгкорна | 2018 | ||
25 сатангов | Сталь с медным покрытием | Король Маха Ваджиралонгкорн | Монограмма Маха Ваджиралонгкорна | 2018 | ||
50 сатангов | Сталь с медным покрытием | Король Маха Ваджиралонгкорн | Монограмма Маха Ваджиралонгкорн | 2018 | ||
1 бат | Сталь с никелевым покрытием | Король Маха Ваджиралонгкорн | Монограмма Маха Ваджиралонгкорна | 2018 | ||
2 бат | Алюминиевая бронза | Король Маха Ваджиралонгкорн | Монограмма Маха Ваджиралонгкорна | 2018 | ||
5 бат | Медный никель в оболочке медь | Король Маха Ваджиралонгкорн | Монограмма Маха Ваджиралонгкорна | 2018 | ||
10 бат | Внешнее кольцо: Медно-никелевый сплав. Центральная пробка: Алюминиевая бронза | Король Маха Ваджиралонгкорн | Монограмма Маха Ваджиралонгкорна | 2018 |
Примечания
- Сатанги 1, 5 и 10 используются только внутри банка и не находятся в обращении.
- На старых монетах, некоторые из которых все еще находятся в обращении, были только тайские цифры, но на более новых монетах также были арабские цифры.
- На стандартной 10-батовой монете на отметке 12 Положение часов на реверсе, выпуклые точки, соответствующие Брайля ячейке, точка 1 и точки 2-4-5, которые соответствуют цифре 10.
- 10-батовые монеты очень похожи к монетам 2– евро по размеру, форме и весу, а также являются биметаллическими, хотя их стоимость составляет всего 25 евроцентов. Торговые автоматы, не оборудованные современными детекторами монет, могут поэтому принимать их как монеты 2 евро, а также старые итальянские монеты 500 лир..
- Многие памятные монеты номиналом 1, 2, 5 и 10 бат были изготовлены для особых событий. Существуют также памятные монеты из недрагоценных металлов номиналом 20, 50, 100 бат и монеты из драгоценных металлов более высокого достоинства.
В феврале 2010 года Министерство финансов Таиланда заявило, что оно планирует ввести в обращение новую монету номиналом 20 бат.
Банкноты
В 1851 году правительство выпустило банкноты на ⁄ 8, ⁄ 4, ⁄ 8, ⁄ 2 и 1 тикал, за которыми следуют 3, 4, 6 и 10 тамлуэн в 1853 году. После 1857 года были выпущены банкноты на 20 и 40 тикалей, также с номиналом в долларах пролива и индийские рупии. Недатированные банкноты были также выпущены до 1868 года на 5, 7, 8, 12 и 15 тамлуэн и 1 чанг. Однократные банкноты были выпущены в 1874 году.
В 1892 году казначейство выпустило банкноты на 1, 5, 10, 40, 80, 100, 400 и 800 тикалей, которые в тайском тексте назывались «бат».
19 сентября 1902 года правительство представило банкноты, которые были напечатаны Thomas De La Rue Company Limited, Англия, во время правления королей Рамы V и Рама VI, номинал в 5, 10, 20, 100 и 1000 тикалей, в тайском тексте до сих пор называемый бат — каждый номинал имеет много типов, с 1 и 50 тикалами после 1918 г. В 1925 г. были выпущены номиналом 1, 5, 10, 20, 100 и 1000 бат с номиналом как арабскими, так и тайскими цифрами без текста на английском языке; Англоговорящие люди продолжали называть их «тикалами».
27 июля 2010 года Банк Таиланда объявил, что банкноты 16-й серии поступят в обращение в декабре 2010 года. 9 августа 2012 года Банк Таиланда выпустил в обращение банкноты. банкнота нового достоинства, 80 бат, в ознаменование 80-летия королевы Сирикит. Это была первая тайская банкнота с защитной нитью Crane’s Motion.
В 2017 году Банк Таиланда объявил о выпуске нового семейства банкнот в память о его покойном короле Пумипоне Адульядете (Рама IX). Банкноты имеют тот же размер и размеры, что и банкноты «Серии 16», с дизайном лицевой стороны, как и раньше, но с дизайном оборотной стороны, изображающим жизнь короля в младенчестве, юности и зрелости. Новое семейство банкнот было выпущено 20 сентября.
В 2018 году Банк Таиланда объявил о выпуске нового семейства банкнот с портретом его нынешнего короля Маха Ваджиралонгкорна. Основные цвета и размеры банкнот такие же, как и раньше, а на оборотной стороне — изображения королей Таиланда из прошлого и настоящего. Банкноты номиналом 20, 50 и 100 бат были выпущены в День памяти Чакри, 6 апреля 2018 г. Два последних номинала — 500 и 1000 бат — были выпущены в годовщину со дня рождения короля Маха Ваджиралонгкорна, 28 июля 2018 г.
Изображения банкнот были удалены, чтобы не нарушать авторские права, но могут быть просмотрены в статье на тайском языке, указанной на полях.
Банкноты 15-й серии | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Стоимость | Размеры | Основной цвет | Описание | Дата выпуска | |
Аверс | Реверс | ||||
20 бат | 138 × 72 мм | Зеленый | Король Пумипон Адульядет в форме верховного главнокомандующего вооруженными силами | Король Ананда Махидол (Рама VIII) | 3 марта 2003 г. |
50 бат | 144 × 72 мм | Синий | Король Монгкут (Рама IV) | 19 марта 2004 г. | |
100 бат | 150 × 72 мм | Красный | Король Чулалонгкорн (Рама V) и Король Ваджиравудх (Рама VI) | 21 октября 2005 г. | |
500 бат | 156 × 72 мм | Фиолетовый | Король Нангклао (Рама III) | 1 августа 2001 г. | |
1000 бат | 162 × 72 мм | коричневый | Король Пхумипон Адульядет; Плотина Па Сак Джоласид | 25 ноября 2005 г. | |
Банкноты 16-й серии ** | |||||
Стоимость | Размеры | Основной цвет | Описание | Дата выпуска | |
Аверс | Реверс | ||||
20 бат | 138 × 72 мм | Зеленый | Король Пхумипон Адульядет в Платье Королевского Дома Чакри | Король Рам Камхенг Великий на монументе на троне Манангкхасила Асана; изобретение тайской письменности; Стела Рамкамхенг | 1 апреля 2013 г. |
50 бат | 144 × 72 мм | Синий | Король Наресуан Великий льет воду на памятник провозглашения независимости ; Статуя короля Наресуана Великого на боевом слоне; Храм Пхра Чеди Чай Монгкол | 18 января 2012 | |
100 бат | 150 × 72 мм | Красный | Памятник королю Таксину Великому в Вонгвиан Яй круг; Пхра Ратчаванг Доэм (дворец короля Таксина); Крепость Вичай Прасит Тонбури | 26 февраля 2015 | |
500 бат | 156 × 72 мм | Фиолетовый | Король Будда Йодфа Чулалок Великий (Король Рама I) памятник; Ват Пхра Четупхон Вимолмангкларарм Раджварамахавихарн (Ват Пхо); Форт Пхра Сумен (городская стена Бангкока) | 12 мая 2014 | |
1000 бат | 162 × 72 мм | Коричневый | Король Чунла Чом Клао Великий (Король Рама V) памятник; Тронный зал Ананта Самакхом, памятник наземному королю во дворце Дусит, конец рабства в Сиаме | 21 августа 2015 | |
Банкноты 17-й серии | |||||
Стоимость | Размеры | Основной цвет | Описание | Дата выпуска | |
Аверс | Реверс | ||||
20 бат | 138 × 72 мм | Зеленый | Король Маха Ваджиралонгкорн в форме командира Королевских ВВС Таиланда и одет в Орден Девяти Самоцветов | Короли Пхра Будда Йодфа Чулалок (Рама I) и Пхра Будда Лоэтла Набхалаи (Рама II) | 6 апреля 2018 г. |
50 бат | 144 × 72 мм | Синий | Короли Нангклао (Рама III) и Монгкут (Рама IV) | 6 апреля 2018 | |
100 бат | 150 × 72 мм | Красный | Короли Чулалонгкорн (Рама V) и Ваджиравудх (Рама VI) | 6 апреля 2018 г. | |
500 бат | 156 × 72 мм | Фиолетовый | Кингз Праджадхипок (Рама VII) и Ананда Махидол (Рама VIII) | 28 июля 2018 г. | |
1000 бат | 162 × 72 мм | Браун | Короли Пумипон Адульядет (Рама IX) и Маха Ваджиралонгкорн (Рама X) | 28 июля 2018 г. |
Деньги и единица массы
Нгоен (เงิน ) на тайском языке означает «серебро », а также общий термин для денег, отражающий тот факт, что бат (или тикаль) — это, прежде всего, единица вес для драгоценных металлов и драгоценных камней. Один бат = 15,244 грамма. Поскольку стандартная чистота тайского золота составляет 96,5 процента, фактическое содержание золота в одном бате по весу составляет 15,244 × 0,965 = 14,71046 грамма; эквивалент примерно 0,473 тройских унций. 15,244 грамма используется для слитка ; в случае ювелирных изделий один бат должен быть больше 15,16 грамма.
Обменные курсы
Исторический обменный курс USD / THB с 1971 года
Исторический обменный курс EUR / THB с 2005 года
The Bank of 19 декабря 2006 года Таиланд принял серию мер валютного контроля, что привело к значительному расхождению между офшорными и оншорными обменными курсами с разницей до 10 процентов между двумя рынками. 3 марта 2008 г. контроль был в целом снят, и в настоящее время нет значительной разницы между офшорным и оншорным обменными курсами.
Год | Средний обменный курс доллара США / THB |
---|---|
1999 | 41,34 |
2000 | 40,24 |
2001 | 40,26 |
2002 | 37,92 |
2003 | 32,34 |
2004 | 32,99 |
2005 | 34,34 |
2006 | 31,73 |
2007 | 30,48 |
2008 | 31,07 |
2009 | 30,71 |
2010 | 32,48 |
2011 | 34,25 |
2012 | 35,28 |
2013 | 33,91 |
(Источник: usd.fx-exchange.com)
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См. Также
- Экономика Таиланда
- Фондовая биржа Таиланда
Ссылки
- Источники
Внешние ссылки
- (на тайском языке) Сравните обменные курсы тайского бата во многих банках Таиланда.
- (на английском, немецком и французском языках) Банкноты Таиланда
Таиландский бат – официальная валюта Королевства Таиланд. Банковский код – THB. 1 бат равен 100 сатангам. В обращении находятся банкноты достоинством 1 000, 500, 100, 50 и 20 батов. Монеты: 10, 5, 2 и 1 бат, а также 50, 25, 10, 5 и 1 сатанг.
1 000 таиландских бат, лицевая сторона
На лицевой стороне всех тайских банкнот изображен портрет действующего короля Таиланда Пумипона Адульядета (Рама IX) в форме верховного главнокомандующего вооруженных сил. На обороте 20 батов – портрет Ананды Махидола, короля, правившего страной с 1935 по 1946 год под именем Рамы VIII, восьмого правителя династии Чакри. На 50 батах изображен Монг Кулот, известный под именем Рамы IV, король Таиланда (в то время называвшегося Сиамом) с 1851 по 1868 год. На банкноте в 100 батов – портрет короля Чулалонгкорн, который правил страной с 1868 по 1910 год под именем Рамы V и прославился своими реформами и успешным противодействием западной колонизации. Сиамом Таиланд назывался до 1932 года, когда в стране изменился государственный строй и на смену абсолютной власти королей пришла конституционная монархия. На 500 батах – изображение Нанг Клао, или Рамы III, короля Сиама с 1824 по 1851 год. На оборотной стороне купюры самого высокого достоинства в 1000 батов, так же как и на лицевой стороне, размещен портрет Пумипона Адульядета. Кроме того, в 2012 году были выпущены обновленные купюры в 50 батов, на которых вместо Монг Кулота изображен Наресуан Великий – король Сиама Аюттхайского периода, правивший страной с 1590 по 1605 год. Считается, что при его правлении государство Сиам достигло наибольших размеров за всю историю.
1 000 таиландских бат, оборотная сторона
Так же как и на банкнотах, на аверсе монет – портрет действующего короля Таиланда. На обороте монет изображены буддистские культовые сооружения. На реверсе 1 сатанга – золотая ступа храма Ват Пхра в провинции Лампхун, 5 сатангов – самая высокая в Таиланде ступа в городе Накхон-Патом, 10 сатангов – башня Пхра Тхат Чоенг Чум в провинции Саконнакхон, 25 сатангов – буддистский монастырь Ват Пхра Махатхат Воромаха Вихан в провинции Накхонситхаммарат, 50 сатангов – храм Ват Пхратхат Дои Сутхеп в провинции Кампхэнгпхет. На монетах от бата и выше изображены достопримечательности столицы Таиланда Бангкока. На реверсе 1 бата – Ват Пхра Кео, буддистский храм в историческом центре города, 2 батов – храм Ват Сакет, 5 батов – мраморный монастырь Ват Бенчамабопхит, 10 батов – храм Ват Арун.
Территория сегодняшнего Таиланда была заселена с древнейших времен. Первые деньги, находившиеся в обращении, назывались «под дуанг» и были не круглыми, а похожими скорее на современные пули. Они отливались в основном из серебра, реже – из золота.
Монеты обычной формы вошли в обращение в I веке н. э. Тогда эти земли назывались королевством Фунань и объединяли не только сегодняшний Таиланд, но и Камбоджу. Эта страна имела тесные торговые связи с Индией и Китаем.
Распад королевства кхмеров привел к тому, что ряд земель получили независимость. В VI веке было создано королевство Дваравати. На монетах появились символы новой монархии, государственной власти, а также буддизма и брахманизма.
В 1238 году было образовано королевство Сукхотаи. Именно тогда появилась тайская письменность. Государственной религией был объявлен буддизм. Кроме того, произошел переход на монеты пулевидной формы, которые обращались в стране в течение 600 лет. Такими же деньги оставались в аюттхайский период.
Приход последней династии – Чакри ознаменовался денежной реформой короля Рамы I. В это время под дуанги стали делиться на тамлунги, баты, полубаты и салунги.
При короле Раме IV торговые обороты стали настолько высокими, что под дуангов в обращении уже не хватало. Тогда на свет появились первые банкноты королевства. В 1857 году Рама IV получил от британской королевы Виктории подарок – станок для чеканки монет, и в обращение были выпущены первые деньги современного вида – круглые и плоские.
Первый монетный двор в королевстве был построен в 1875 году – в период правления Рамы V. Тогда же произошел окончательный переход на обычные монеты. В это время в стране были в обращении 13 монет разного веса и размера, каждая из которых имела собственное название.
До 1880 года обменный курс был зафиксирован на отметке 8 батов за фунт стерлингов. К 1890 году он снизился до 10 батов за фунт.
В 1897 году страна перешла на десятичное исчисление, и 1 бат стал равен 100 сатангам.
В 1902 году при короле Раме VI в стране была проведена денежная реформа. При Министерстве финансов появился отдел, отвечающий за эмиссию банкнот. В обращение были выпущены новые деньги семи номиналов, отпечатанные в Англии. Банкноты могли свободно обмениваться на драгоценный металл. Один бат равнялся 15 г чистого серебра. Однако эта практика прекратилась тогда же, когда это произошло в большинстве стран мира, то есть к началу Первой мировой войны.
С 1902 по 1908 год бат планомерно рос в цене. В начале периода курс составлял 21,75 бата за британский фунт, в 1908 году он был зафиксирован на уровне 13 батов, в 1919-м – 12 батов и в 1923-м – 11 батов.
Во время Второй мировой войны был установлен паритетный курс бата к японской иене.
Более мелкие монеты из алюминия, бронзы и меди, номинированные в сатангах, впервые были выпущены в обращение в 1950 году.
С 1956 по 1973 бат был привязан к доллару США по курсу 20,8 бата за доллар. К 1978 году он укрепился до 20 батов за доллар.
Быстрый рост экономики США в 1980-х привел к тому, что Таиланд повторно привязал национальную валюту по курсу 25 батов за доллар. Азиатско-Тихоокеанский кризис 1997 года не обошел страну стороной, и курс упал до самой низкой отметки в 56 долларов в январе 1998 года. С тех пор национальная валюта Таиланда постепенно укрепляется.
На лето 2012 года курс таиландского бата равен приблизительно 31,39 за доллар США, или 39,60 за евро. Один бат можно купить за 1,03 российского рубля.
В настоящее время таиландский бат не торгуется на рынке Forex с другими валютами. Однако, возможно, в будущем у него есть перспективы: экономика Таиланда ориентирована на экспорт, основное производство – оборудование, электронные компоненты, сельхозпродукция, ювелирные изделия. В целом ВВП демонстрирует стабильный рост на 4–5% в год.
Кроме того, для бюджета страны важной статьей дохода является туризм. Для тех, кто пересекает границу Таиланда, ввоз и вывоз иностранной валюты, а также батов неограничен, однако суммы более 20 тыс. батов необходимо декларировать.
The baht (Template:IPAc-en; Template:Lang-th, Template:IPA-th; sign: ฿; code: THB) is the official currency of Thailand. It is subdivided into 100 satang ((th), Template:IPA-th). The issuance of currency is the responsibility of the Bank of Thailand.
According to SWIFT, as of February 2017, the Thai baht is ranked as the 10th most frequently used world payment currency.[1]
According to a report in the South China Morning Post, the China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation produces at least some Thai banknotes and coins.[2]
History[]
- Main article: History of Thai money
The Thai baht,[3] like the pound, originated from a traditional unit of mass. Its currency value was originally expressed as that of silver of corresponding weight (now defined as 15 grams), and was in use probably as early as the Sukhothai period in the form of bullet coins known in Thai as phot duang (Template:Lang-th). These were pieces of solid silver cast to various weights corresponding to a traditional system of units related by simple fractions and multiples, one of which is the baht. These are listed in the following table:[4][5]
Unit (RTGS) | Thai spelling | Relative value | Value relative to baht | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bia | เบี้ย | Template:Fraction อัฐ | Template:Fraction | Bia is Thai for cowry, the shell of which was used as a trade medium of the same value. |
Solot | โสฬส | Template:Fraction fueang | Template:Fraction | Solot here literally means «sixteen» or sixteenth, referring to the fractional amount relative to a fueang. |
At | อัฐ | Template:Fraction เฟื้อง, Template:Fraction ไพ | Template:Fraction | Likewise, at literally means eight. |
Siao/Phai | เสี้ยว/ไพ | Template:Fraction เฟื้อง, Template:Fraction ซีก | Template:Fraction | Siao means quarter. |
Sik | ซีก | Template:Fraction เฟื้อง | Template:Fraction | Sik means half. |
Fueang | เฟื้อง | Template:Fraction บาท, Template:Fraction สลึง | Template:Fraction | |
Salueng | สลึง | Template:Fraction บาท (0.25 baht, 25 สตางค์), Template:Fraction มายน | Template:Fraction | |
Song salueng/Mayon | สองสลึง/มายน | Template:Fraction บาท (0.50 baht, 50 สตางค์) | Template:Fraction | |
Baht | บาท | Template:Fraction ตำลึง | 1 | |
Tamlueng | ตำลึง | 4 บาท, Template:Fraction ชั่ง | 4 | Thai version of the tael. |
Chang | ชั่ง | 20 ตำลึง, Template:Fraction หาบ | 80 | Thai version of the catty. |
That system was in use up until 1897, when the decimal system devised by Jayanta Mongkol, in which one baht = 100 satang, was introduced by king Chulalongkorn. However, coins denominated in the old units were issued until 1910, and the amount of 25 satang is still commonly referred to as a salueng, as is the 25-satang coin.
Until 27 November 1902, the baht was fixed on a purely silver basis, with 15 grams of silver to the baht. This caused the value of the currency to vary relative to currencies on a gold standard. In 1857, the values of certain foreign silver coins were fixed in law, with the one baht = 0.6 Straits dollar and five baht = seven Indian rupees. Before 1880 the exchange rate was fixed at eight baht per pound sterling, falling to 10 to the pound during the 1880s.
In 1902, the government began to increase the value of the baht by following all increases in the value of silver against gold but not reducing it when the silver price fell. Beginning at 21.75 baht = one pound sterling, the currency rose in value until, in 1908, a fixed peg to the British pound sterling was established of 13 baht = one pound. This was revised to 12 baht in 1919 and then, after a period of instability, to 11 baht in 1923. During World War II, the baht was fixed at a value of one Japanese yen.
From 1956 until 1973, the baht was pegged to the U.S. dollar at an exchange rate of 20.8 baht = one dollar and at 20 baht = 1 dollar until 1978.[6][7][8] A strengthening US economy caused Thailand to re-peg its currency at 25 to the dollar from 1984 until 2 July 1997, when the country was affected by the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The baht was floated and halved in value, reaching its lowest rate of 56 to the dollar in January 1998. It has since risen to about 30 per dollar.
The baht was originally known to foreigners by the term tical,[9] which was used in English language text on banknotes until 1925.[10]
Coins[]
Rama III (1824-1851) was the first king to consider the use of a flat coin. He did so not for the convenience of traders, but because he was disturbed that the creatures living in the cowrie shells were killed. When he learned of the use of flat copper coins in Singapore in 1835, he contacted a Scottish trader, who had two types of experimental coins struck in England. The king rejected both designs. The name of the country put on these first coins was Muang Thai, not Siam.[11][12]
Cowrie shells from the Mekong River had been used as currency for small amounts since the Sukhothai period. Before 1860, Thailand did not produce coins using modern methods. Instead, a so-called «bullet» coinage was used, consisting of bars of metal, thicker in the middle, bent round to form a complete circle on which identifying marks were stamped.[13]
[14] Denominations issued included ⅟128, ⅟64, ⅟32, ⅟16, ⅛, ½, 1, 1 ½, 2, 2 ½, 4, 4 ½, 8, 10, 20, 40, and 80 baht in silver and ⅟32, ⅟16, ⅛, ½, 1, 1 ½, 2, and 4 baht in gold. 1 gold baht was generally worth 16 silver baht. Between 1858 and 1860, foreign trade coins were also stamped by the government for use in Thailand.
In 1860, modern style coins were introduced. These were silver 1 sik, 1 fuang, 1 and 2 salung, 1, 2, and 4 baht, with the baht weighing 15.244 grams and the others weight related. Tin 1 solot and 1 att followed in 1862, with gold 2 ½, 4, and 8 baht introduced in 1863 and copper 2 and 4 att in 1865. Copper replaced tin in the 1 solot and 1 att in 1874, with copper 4 att introduced in 1876. The last gold coins were struck in 1895.
In 1897, the first coins denominated in satang were introduced, cupronickel 2 ½, 5, 10, and 20 satang. However, 1 solot, 1 and 2 att coins were struck until 1905 and 1 fuang coins were struck until 1910. In 1908, holed 1, 5, and 10 satang coins were introduced, with the 1 satang in bronze and the 5 and 10 satang in nickel. The 1 and 2 salung were replaced by 25 and 50 satang coins in 1915. In 1937, holed, bronze ½ satang were issued.
In 1941, a series of silver coins was introduced in denominations of 5, 10, and 20 satang, due to a shortage of nickel caused by World War II. The next year, tin coins were introduced for 1, 5, and 10 satang, followed by 20 satang in 1945 and 25 and 50 satang in 1946. In 1950, aluminium-bronze 5, 10, 25, and 50 satang were introduced whilst, in 1957, bronze 5 and 10 satang were issued, along with 1 baht coins struck in an unusual alloy of copper, nickel, silver, and zinc. Several Thai coins were issued for many years without changing the date. These include the tin 1942 1 satang and the 1950 5 and 10 satang, struck until 1973, the tin 1946 25 satang struck until 1964, the tin 50 satang struck until 1957, and the aluminium bronze 1957 5, 10, 25, and 50 satang struck until the 1970s. Cupronickel 1 baht coins were introduced in 1962 and struck without date change until 1982.
In 1972, cupronickel 5 baht coins were introduced, switching to cupronickel-clad copper in 1977. Between 1986 and 1988, a new coinage was introduced, consisting of aluminium 1, 5, and 10 satang, aluminium-bronze 25 and 50 satang, cupronickel 1 baht, cupronickel-clad-copper 5 baht and bimetallic 10 baht. Cupronickel-clad-steel 2 baht were introduced in 2005.
In 2008, the Ministry of Finance and the Royal Thai Mint announced the 2009 coin series, which included changes in materials to reduce production costs as well as an update of the image on the obverse to a more recent portrait of the king. The two-baht coin, confusingly similar in color and size to the one-baht coin, was changed from nickel-clad low-carbon steel to aluminium bronze. New two-baht coin was the first of the new series released on February 3, 2009, followed by a satang coin in April, a five-baht coin in May, a ten-baht coin in June, and a one-baht coin in July 2009.
In 2018, the Royal Thai Mint and the Ministry of Finance issued a new series of general circulation coins, featuring the same standard specifications, but feature a portrait of its current king, Maha Vajiralongkorn.
Coins of the Thai baht (Rama IX) [2] [3] Template:Th icon | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Technical parameters | Description | Date of first minting | |||
Diameter | Mass | Composition | Obverse | Reverse | ||
1 satang 1 | 15 mm | 0.5 g | 97.5% Al, 2.5% Mg | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra That Hariphunchai, Lamphun | 1987 |
99% Aluminium | 2008 | |||||
5 satang 1 | 16 mm | 0.6 g | 97.5% Al, 2.5% Mg | Wat Phra Pathom Chedi, Nakhon Pathom | 1987 | |
16.5 mm | 99% Aluminium | 2008 | ||||
10 satang 1 | 17.5 mm | 0.8 g | 97.5% Al, 2.5% Mg | Wat Phra That Choeng Chum, Sakon Nakhon | 1987 | |
99% Aluminium | 2008 | |||||
rowspan=2 Template:Coin-silver-color|25 satang | 16 mm | 1.9 g | Aluminium bronze | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra Mahathat, Nakhon Si Thammarat | 1987 |
16 mm | 1.9 g | Copper-plated steel | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra Mahathat, Nakhon Si Thammarat | 2008 | |
rowspan=2 Template:Coin-silver-color|50 satang | 18 mm | 2.4 g | Aluminium bronze | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai | 1987 |
18 mm | 2.4 g | Copper-plated steel | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai | 2008 | |
1 baht | 20 mm | 3.4 g | Cupronickel | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra Kaew, Bangkok | 1986 |
3 g | Nickel-plated steel | 2008 | ||||
2 baht | 21.75 mm | 4.4 g | Nickel-plated low-carbon steel | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Saket, Bangkok | 2005 |
21.75 mm | 4 g | Aluminium bronze | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Saket, Bangkok | 2008 | |
5 baht | 24 mm | 7.5 g | Copper nickel-clad copper | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Benchamabophit, Bangkok | 1988 |
6 g | 2008 | |||||
rowspan=2 Template:Coin-silver-color|10 baht | rowspan=2 Template:Coin-silver-color|26 mm | 8.5 g | Outer Ring: Copper nickel Center Plug: Aluminium bronze |
King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Arun, Bangkok | Template:Coin-silver-color|1988 |
Template:Coin-silver-color|2008 |
Coins of the Thai baht (Rama X) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Value | Composition | Description | Date of minting | ||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | |||
1 satang | Aluminum | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
5 satang | Aluminum | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
10 satang | Aluminum | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
25 satang | Copper-plated steel | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
50 satang | Copper-plated steel | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
1 baht | Nickel-plated steel | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
2 baht | Aluminum bronze | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
5 baht | Copper nickel-clad copper | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
10 baht | Outer Ring: Copper nickel Center Plug: Aluminium bronze |
King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 |
[]
- The 1, 5, and 10 satang are very rarely seen in circulation.[15] Even though the satang-denominated coins are legal tender, small shops usually don’t accept them anymore.
- Older coins, some of which are still in circulation, had only Thai numerals, but newer designs also have Arabic numerals.
- The standard-issue 10-baht coin has, at the 12 o’clock position on the reverse, raised dots corresponding to Braille cell dot 1 and dots 2-4-5, which correspond to the number 10.
- 10-baht coins are very similar to 2–euro coins in size, shape and weight, and are likewise bi-metallic, although they are worth only 25 eurocents. Vending machines not equipped with up-to-date coin detectors might therefore accept them as €2 coins.[16]
- Many commemorative 1, 2, 5, and 10 baht coins have been made for special events. There also are 20, 50, 100 baht base metal commemorative coins and higher denomination precious metal coins as well.Template:Which
In February 2010 the Treasury Department of Thailand stated that it has been planning a new circulation 20 baht coin.[17]
Banknotes[]
In 1851, the government issued notes for ⅛, ¼, ⅜, ½, and 1 tical, followed by 3, 4, 6, and 10 tamlueng in 1853. After 1857, notes for 20 and 40 ticals were issued, also bearing their values in Straits dollars and Indian rupees. Undated notes were also issued before 1868 for 5, 7, 8, 12, and 15 tamlueng, and 1 chang. One att notes were issued in 1874.
In 1892, the treasury issued notes for 1, 5, 10, 40, 80, 100, 400, and 800 ticals, called «baht» in the Thai text.
The year 1902 marked the introduction of reforms by prince Jayanta Mongkol after his observations of banking practices in Europe, which became an important landmark in the inauguration of paper money in Thailand.[18] On September 19, 1902, the government introduced notes which were printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, England, during the reigns of Kings Rama V and Rama VI, denominated 5, 10, 20, 100, and 1000 ticals, still called baht in the Thai text — each denomination having many types,[19] with 1 and 50 tical notes following in 1918. In 1925, notes were issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 100, and 1,000 baht with the denomination in both Arabic and Thai numerals without English text;[20] English speakers continued to refer to these as «ticals».[21]
In 1942, the Bank of Thailand was founded and took over responsibility for the issuance of paper money. 50 baht notes were briefly reintroduced in 1945, with 50 satang notes issued in 1946. The one baht note was replaced by a coin in 1957 and the five baht was replaced in 1972. 50 baht notes were again reintroduced in 1985, with the 10 baht note replaced by a coin in 1988. The EURion constellation has been used on the reverse of 100 and 1000 baht notes since 2003. Older notes are occasionally still found in circulation, for example, 10 baht notes, and these can usually be spent without problem. In any case, they can be exchanged for free in banks.
On 27 July 2010, the Bank of Thailand announced that the 16th series banknotes would enter circulation in December 2010.[22][23] On 9 August 2012, the Bank of Thailand issued a new denomination banknote, 80 baht, to commemorate queen Sirikit’s 80th birthday.[24] It was the first Thai banknote that featured Crane’s Motion security thread.
In 2017, the Bank of Thailand announced a new family of banknotes in remembrance of its late king Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). The notes are the same size and dimensions as the «Series 16» banknotes, with the front designs as before, but the back designs featuring images of the king’s life in infancy, adolescence and maturity. The new family of banknotes were issued on September 20.[25]
In 2018, the Bank of Thailand announced a new family of banknotes featuring a portrait of its current king, Maha Vajiralongkorn.
The main colors and dimensions of the notes are the same as before, with the back designs featuring images of the Kings of Thailand from past to present. The 20, 50 and 100 baht banknotes were issued on Chakri Memorial Day, April 6, 2018. The final two denominations, 500 and 1,000 baht were issued on the anniversary of the birth of King Maha Vajiralongkorn, July 28, 2018.[26]
Images of banknotes have been removed lest they infringe copyright,[27] but may be viewed at the Thai-language article linked in the margin.
15th series banknotes [4] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of issue | |
Obverse | Reverse | ||||
20 baht | 138 × 72 mm | Green | King Bhumibol Adulyadej in the uniform of the supreme commander of the armed forces | King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) | 3 March 2003 |
50 baht | 144 × 72 mm | Blue | King Mongkut (Rama IV) | 19 March 2004 | |
100 baht | 150 × 72 mm | Red | King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) and King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) | 21 October 2005 | |
500 baht | 156 × 72 mm | Purple | King Nangklao (Rama III) | 1 August 2001 | |
1,000 baht | 162 × 72 mm | Brown | King Bhumibol Adulyadej; Pa Sak Jolasid Dam | 25 November 2005 |
16th series banknotes**[28] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of issue | |
Obverse | Reverse | ||||
20 baht[29] | 138 × 72 mm | Green | King Bhumibol Adulyadej in the Royal House of Chakri gown | King Ram Khamhaeng the Great on the Manangkhasila Asana Throne monument; invention of the Thai script; Ramkhamhaeng stele | 1 April 2013[30] |
50 baht[31] | 144 × 72 mm | Blue | King Naresuan the Great pouring water for declaration of independence monument; Statue of king Naresuan the Great on war elephant; Phra Chedi Chai Mongkol temple | 18 January 2012[32] | |
100 baht[33] | 150 × 72 mm | Red | King Taksin the Great monument in Wongwian Yai circle; Phra Ratchawang Doem (King Taksin’s palace); Wichai Prasit Fortress Thonburi | 26 February 2015[34] | |
500 baht[35] | 156 × 72 mm | Violet | King Buddha Yodfa Chulalok the Great (King Rama I) monument; Wat Phra Chetuphon Vimolmangklararm Rajwaramahaviharn (Wat Pho); Phra Sumen Fort (Bangkok city wall) | 12 May 2014[36] | |
1,000 baht[37] | 162 × 72 mm | Brown | King Chunla Chom Klao the Great (King Rama V) monument ; Ananta Samakhom throne hall, Dusit palace ground king’s monument, end of slavery in Siam | 21 August 2015[38] |
17th series banknotes
[39] |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of issue | |
Obverse | Reverse | ||||
20 baht | 138 × 72 mm | Green | King Maha Vajiralongkorn in the uniform of the commander of the Royal Thai Air Force | Kings Phra Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) and Phra Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II) | 6 April 2018 |
50 baht | 144 × 72 mm | Blue | Kings Nangklao (Rama III) and Mongkut (Rama IV) | 6 April 2018 | |
100 baht | 150 × 72 mm | Red | Kings Chulalongkorn (Rama V) and Vajiravudh (Rama VI) | 6 April 2018 | |
500 baht | 156 × 72 mm | Purple | Kings Prajadhipok (Rama VII) and Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) | 28 July 2018 | |
1,000 baht | 162 × 72 mm | Brown | Kings Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) and Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) | 28 July 2018 |
Commemorative notes[]
In addition to the banknotes currently in circulation (herinbefore), numerous commemorative notes have been issued:
- 5 baht (1969): Date of the inauguration of the note printing works, Bank of Thailand (commemorative text added to regular 5 baht notes)
- 10 baht (1969): Date of the inauguration of the note printing works, Bank of Thailand (commemorative text added to regular 10 baht notes)
- 60 baht (1987): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 60th birthday
- 50 baht (1990): Princess mother Srinagarindra‘s 90th birthday (commemorative text added to regular 50 baht notes)
- 500 baht (1990): Princess mother Srinagarindra’s 90th birthday (commemorative text added to regular 500 baht notes)
- 1000 baht (1992): Queen Sirikit‘s 60th birthday (commemorative text added to regular 1000 baht notes)
- 10 baht (1996): 120th anniversary of the ministry of finance (commemorative text added to regular 10 baht notes)
- 50 baht (1996): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 50th anniversary of accession to the throne (polymer note)
- 500 baht (1996): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 50th anniversary of accession to the throne (polymer note)
- 500 baht (1996): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 50th anniversary of accession to the throne (a different emblem)
- 1000 baht (1999): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 72nd birthday (a different emblem)
- 50 baht (2000): 50th anniversary of royal wedding of king Bhumibol Adulyadej and queen Sirikit
- 500,000 baht (2000): 50th anniversary of royal wedding of king Bhumibol Adulyadej and queen Sirikit
- 100 baht (2002): The centenary of the issuance of Thai banknotes
- 100 baht (2004): Queen Sirikit’s 72nd birthday
- 60 baht (2006): 60th anniversary celebrations of Bhumibol Adulyadej’s accession to the throne
- 16 baht (2007): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 80th birthday (1, 5, 10 baht)
- 100 baht (2010): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 60th anniversary of coronation day and the 60th anniversary of the wedding of the king and queen Sirikit
- 100 baht (2011): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 84th birthday
- 80 baht (2012): Queen Sirikit’s 80th birthday[24]
- 100 baht (2012): Crown prince Maha Vajiralongkorn’s 5th Cycle (60th) birthday anniversary[24]
- 100 baht (2015): Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn’s 5th Cycle (60th) birthday anniversary[40]
- 70 baht (2016): 70th anniversary of King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s accession to the throne[41][42][43]
- 500 baht (2016): Queen Sirikit’s 7th cycle (84th) birthday[44][45]
- 20 to 1,000 baht (2017): In remembrance of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej.
Money and unit of mass[]
Ngoen (เงิน) is Thai for silver as well as the general term for money, reflecting the fact that the baht (or tical) is foremost a unit of weight for precious metals and gemstones. One baht = 15.244 grams.[46] Since the standard purity of Thai gold is 96.5%, the actual gold content of one baht by weight is 15.244 × 0.965 = 14.71046 grams; equivalent to about 0.473 troy ounces. 15.244 grams is used for bullion; in the case of jewellery, 1 baht should be more than 15.16 grams.
Exchange rates[]
File:USD rate to THB.svg Historical exchange rate of THB/USD since 1971 Historical exchange rate of THB/EUR since 2005
The Bank of Thailand adopted a series of exchange controls on December 19, 2006, which resulted in a significant divergence between offshore and onshore exchange rates, with spreads of up to 10% between the two markets. Controls were broadly lifted on March 3, 2008 and there is now no significant difference between offshore and onshore exchange rates.[47]
Year | Average exchange rate |
---|---|
2003 | 41.34 |
2004 | 40.24 |
2005 | 40.26 |
2006 | 37.92 |
2007 | 32.34 |
2008 | 32.99 |
2009 | 34.34 |
2010 | 31.73 |
2011 | 30.48 |
2012 | 31.07 |
2013 | 30.71 |
2014 | 32.48 |
2015 | 34.25 |
(Source: usd.fx-exchange.com)
Template:Exchange Rate
See also[]
- Economy of Thailand
- Stock Exchange of Thailand
References[]
- ↑ RMB role and share of international payments is declining CTMfile. 5 April 2017
- ↑ Chen, Stephen (15 August 2018). «Why other countries are giving China a licence to print money». South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2158782/why-other-countries-are-giving-china-licence-print-money. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ↑ «Currencies in South East Asia». http://aroundtheworldinaday.com/philippines_thailand_comparison/thailand_currency_philippines_currency/. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
- ↑ «The History of Siamese Money». Welcome to Chiangmai & Chiangrai. Jun 16, 2010. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110928105132/http://www.chiangmai-chiangrai.com/siamese_money.html. Retrieved Sep 22, 2011.
- ↑ «เหรียญกษาปณ์ของไทย (Coins of Thailand)» (in Thai). Thai Heritage Treasury. Ministry of defense of Thailand. http://www1.mod.go.th/heritage/nation/krasab/index1.htm. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ↑ «จากระบบอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนอิงตะกร้าเงินสู่ระบบอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนลอยตัว (From Monetary FOREX system to floating FOREX), เศรษฐสาร Vol. 11 No. 7 July BE 2540 (1997)» (in Thai). http://www.econ.tu.ac.th/oldweb/doc/article/fulltext/81.pdf. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
- ↑ «ลดค่าเงินบาทในภาษาที่ทุกคนเข้าใจ โดย เสรี ทรัพย์เจริญ นิตยสารผู้จัดการ พฤศจิกายน 2527» (in Thai). November 1984. http://info.gotomanager.com/news/details.aspx?id=9460.
- ↑ วิวัฒนาการธนบัตรไทย (Evolution of Thai Banknotes) โดย ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย (Bank of Thailand) ธันวาคม 2530|language=Thai |date=December 1987
- ↑ de Campos, J. J. (1941). «The Origin of the Tical» (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (Siam Heritage Trust) JSS Vol. 33.2c. http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1941/JSS_033_2c_Campos_OriginOfTical.pdf. Retrieved June 23, 2013. «From the earliest times in Southern Burma, the weight adopted were not the Chinese liang or tael or its variants, but the Indian bahur and the viss, the latter being divided into 100 ticals. It is this Burmese tical, which was and continues to be in Burma the designation of a definite weight of uncoined silver or its compound, that throws light on the problem of the Thai tical.»
- ↑ «Banknotes, Series 1». Banknotes > History and Series of Banknotes >. Bank of Thailand. 23 February 2012. http://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryANdSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/Banknote_Series01.aspx. Retrieved 9 May 2012. «…each denomination had many types which were printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, England…..»
- ↑ «1835 Rama III unadopted design copper coin «Lotus — MuangThai»». http://phila09-04.eurseree.com/cgi-bin/info/agora.cgi?cart_id=5286534.107769*KJ66o8&p_id=1196&xm=on&ppinc=search2.
- ↑ «Template:Citation error» (in Thai). http://www.royalthaimint.net/ewtadmin/ewt/mint_web/ewt_news.php?nid=46&filename=index. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
- ↑ «Archived copy» (in Thai). Matichon. http://www.matichon.co.th/mtc-flv-window.php?newsid=1323259839. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
- ↑ เบี้ย บาท กษาปณ์แบงค์. (Cowrie, Baht, Coins, and Bank) โดย นวรัตน์ เลขะกุล. (Nawarat Lekhakum), สำนักพิมพ์สารคดี (Sarakhadee Press) 2552|language=Thai |date=2009
- ↑ Eliot, Joshua. Thailand Handbook. 2003 Footprint Travel Guides page 32.
- ↑ Gibbs, William T. (Feb 11, 2002). «Thai bahts causing euro problems — 10-baht coins work in place of 2-euro coins in machines». Coin World. Amos Press. Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090302014633/http://coinworld.com/news/021802/news-5.asp.
- ↑ http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/economics/32096/20-baht-coins-may-substitute-banknotes.
- ↑ Wararat; Sumit (Feb 26, 2012). «Thai Banknote Evolution». Bank of Thailand. http://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryANdSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/Evolution_of_Thaai_Banknotes.aspx. «By Royal Command, the Siamese Currency Notes Act, R.E. 121 was promulgated on June 24, 1902.»[dead link]
- ↑ «Banknotes, Series 1». Bank of Thailand. Feb 26, 2012. http://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryANdSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/Banknote_Series01.aspx. «The design was printed only on one side; so the note was called ‘Uniface banknote’. There were 7 denominations….»
- ↑ «Banknotes, Series 2». Bank of Thailand. Feb 26, 2012. http://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryANdSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/Banknote_Series02.aspx. «on the back side was the picture of the Royal Ploughing Ceremony. This type of banknote was called «Ploughing Ceremony Note».»
- ↑ Duncan Stearn (27 June – 3 July 2003). «Rise of state-sponsored militarism and socialism». Pattaya Mail (Pattaya: Pattaya Mail Publishing Co) XI (26). http://www.pattayamail.com/517/columns.shtml#hd6. Retrieved 18 Feb 2012. «»Does Japan dominate Siam?» I asked a leading Englishman in Bangkok. He laughed quietly: «Have you any Siamese money?» he asked. I drew out a five-ticul note (about 2 dollars 50c). «Read what is printed at the foot of the note», he commanded. I read, «Thomas de la Rue and Co., London». With calm confidence he said: «As long as the word ‘London’ stands on that Siamese bill, it is not Japan but another little island which will have the larger say in the Kingdom of Siam.»»
- ↑ «New banknotes coming in December». The Nation. 2010-07-28. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2010/07/28/national/New-banknotes-coming-in-December-30134701.html. Retrieved 2010-07-28. «new Thai banknote will circulate in December 2010»
- ↑ Thailand to issue new note family in December 2010
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 «The Introduction of Two Commemorative Banknotes on the Auspicious Occasions of Her Majesty the Queen’s 80th Birthday Anniversary 12 August 2012 and His Royal Highness Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn’s 5th Cycle Birthday Anniversary» (PDF). Press release no. 36/2012. Bank of Thailand. 3 July 2012. http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/PressAndSpeeches/Press/News2555/n3655e.pdf. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
- ↑ Commemorative Banknote in Remembrance of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2017-07-21.
- ↑ The Bank of Thailand Launches New Series of Thai Banknotes (Series 17) Bank of Thailand (https://www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2018-03-09.
- ↑ Wararat, service manager. «Reproduction of Thai banknotes». Bank of Thailand. http://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/Banknote%20service/Pages/Banknote_for_AD.aspx. Retrieved 27 Nov 2011. «In Thailand, the Bank of Thailand (BOT) has the sole right to design, produce, issue, circulate and manage Thai banknotes. The reproduction of Thai banknotes is protected by the Copyright Act B.E. 2537 Ch.1 Pt.5 §27 (2) communication to public.»
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/20_16.aspx
- ↑ «ธปท.เปิดตัวแบงก์ 50 ใหม่ เริ่มใช้ 18 ม.ค.-ปลอมยาก!». ASTV Manager Daily. http://www.thanonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=176215:-20-&catid=143:2011-01-26-05-35-57&Itemid=597. Retrieved 12 Jan 2012.
- ↑ https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/50_16.aspx
- ↑ «ธปท.ออกใช้ธนบัตรชนิดราคา 20บาท แบบใหม่». Than Setthakij. http://www.manager.co.th/Home/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9550000004990. Retrieved 28 Mar 2013.
- ↑ https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/100_16.aspx
- ↑ Press release announcing the issuance of the Series 16 100 baht banknote Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2015-02-24.
- ↑ https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/500_16.aspx
- ↑ Press release announcing the issuance of the Series 16 500 baht banknote Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2014-05-08.
- ↑ https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/1000_16.aspx
- ↑ Press release announcing the issuance of the Series 16 1,000 baht banknote Bank of Thailand (www.boh.or.th). Retrieved on 2015-08-18.
- ↑ «The Bank of Thailand Launches New Series of Thai Banknotes (Series 17), BOT Press Release No. 17/2018» (in English). https://www.bot.or.th/Thai/PressandSpeeches/Press/News2561/n1761e.pdf. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
- ↑ Thailand new 100-baht commemorative note confirmed. Banknote News. April 3, 2015. Retrieved on 2015-04-09.
- ↑ Thailand new 70-baht commemorative note reported for 09.06.2016 introduction BanknoteNews.com. May 30, 2016. Retrieved on 2016-05-30.
- ↑ The Bank of Thailand to Launch Commemorative Banknote in the Seventieth Anniversary Celebrations of His Majesty’s Accession to the Throne 9th June 2016 Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2016-05-30.
- ↑ «Banknote to commemorate King’s 70-year reign». Bangkok Post. 2016-05-30. http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/finance/994821/banknote-to-commemorate-kings-70-year-reign. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
- ↑ The Bank of Thailand to Launch Commemorative Banknote in the Celebrations on the Auspicious Occasion of Her Majesty the Queen’s 7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary 12th August 2016 Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2016-08-01.
- ↑ Thailand new 500-baht commemorative note (B187) reported BanknoteNews.com. August 1, 2016. Retrieved on 2016-08-01.
- ↑ «A sure bet or fool’s gold?», Bangkok Post 2010-01-10
- ↑ «UPDATE 1-Onshore and offshore Thai baht converge, c.bank seen». Reuters. 3 March 2008. http://in.reuters.com/article/idINSP20869920080303.
- Sources
Template:Refbegin
- Cecil Carter eds. Template:Clarify, The Kingdom of Siam 1904, reprint by the Siam Society 1988, Template:ISBN, chapter X Currency and Banking
- Template:Numis cite SCWC
- Template:Numis cite SCWPM
Template:Refend
External links[]
- Template:Th icon Compare exchange rates of the Thai Baht from many bank in Thailand.
Template:Thailand currency and coinage
Template:Thailand topics
Template:Currency signs
Template:Currencies of Asia
The baht (Template:IPAc-en; Template:Lang-th, Template:IPA-th; sign: ฿; code: THB) is the official currency of Thailand. It is subdivided into 100 satang ((th), Template:IPA-th). The issuance of currency is the responsibility of the Bank of Thailand.
According to SWIFT, as of February 2017, the Thai baht is ranked as the 10th most frequently used world payment currency.[1]
According to a report in the South China Morning Post, the China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation produces at least some Thai banknotes and coins.[2]
History[]
- Main article: History of Thai money
The Thai baht,[3] like the pound, originated from a traditional unit of mass. Its currency value was originally expressed as that of silver of corresponding weight (now defined as 15 grams), and was in use probably as early as the Sukhothai period in the form of bullet coins known in Thai as phot duang (Template:Lang-th). These were pieces of solid silver cast to various weights corresponding to a traditional system of units related by simple fractions and multiples, one of which is the baht. These are listed in the following table:[4][5]
Unit (RTGS) | Thai spelling | Relative value | Value relative to baht | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bia | เบี้ย | Template:Fraction อัฐ | Template:Fraction | Bia is Thai for cowry, the shell of which was used as a trade medium of the same value. |
Solot | โสฬส | Template:Fraction fueang | Template:Fraction | Solot here literally means «sixteen» or sixteenth, referring to the fractional amount relative to a fueang. |
At | อัฐ | Template:Fraction เฟื้อง, Template:Fraction ไพ | Template:Fraction | Likewise, at literally means eight. |
Siao/Phai | เสี้ยว/ไพ | Template:Fraction เฟื้อง, Template:Fraction ซีก | Template:Fraction | Siao means quarter. |
Sik | ซีก | Template:Fraction เฟื้อง | Template:Fraction | Sik means half. |
Fueang | เฟื้อง | Template:Fraction บาท, Template:Fraction สลึง | Template:Fraction | |
Salueng | สลึง | Template:Fraction บาท (0.25 baht, 25 สตางค์), Template:Fraction มายน | Template:Fraction | |
Song salueng/Mayon | สองสลึง/มายน | Template:Fraction บาท (0.50 baht, 50 สตางค์) | Template:Fraction | |
Baht | บาท | Template:Fraction ตำลึง | 1 | |
Tamlueng | ตำลึง | 4 บาท, Template:Fraction ชั่ง | 4 | Thai version of the tael. |
Chang | ชั่ง | 20 ตำลึง, Template:Fraction หาบ | 80 | Thai version of the catty. |
That system was in use up until 1897, when the decimal system devised by Jayanta Mongkol, in which one baht = 100 satang, was introduced by king Chulalongkorn. However, coins denominated in the old units were issued until 1910, and the amount of 25 satang is still commonly referred to as a salueng, as is the 25-satang coin.
Until 27 November 1902, the baht was fixed on a purely silver basis, with 15 grams of silver to the baht. This caused the value of the currency to vary relative to currencies on a gold standard. In 1857, the values of certain foreign silver coins were fixed in law, with the one baht = 0.6 Straits dollar and five baht = seven Indian rupees. Before 1880 the exchange rate was fixed at eight baht per pound sterling, falling to 10 to the pound during the 1880s.
In 1902, the government began to increase the value of the baht by following all increases in the value of silver against gold but not reducing it when the silver price fell. Beginning at 21.75 baht = one pound sterling, the currency rose in value until, in 1908, a fixed peg to the British pound sterling was established of 13 baht = one pound. This was revised to 12 baht in 1919 and then, after a period of instability, to 11 baht in 1923. During World War II, the baht was fixed at a value of one Japanese yen.
From 1956 until 1973, the baht was pegged to the U.S. dollar at an exchange rate of 20.8 baht = one dollar and at 20 baht = 1 dollar until 1978.[6][7][8] A strengthening US economy caused Thailand to re-peg its currency at 25 to the dollar from 1984 until 2 July 1997, when the country was affected by the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The baht was floated and halved in value, reaching its lowest rate of 56 to the dollar in January 1998. It has since risen to about 30 per dollar.
The baht was originally known to foreigners by the term tical,[9] which was used in English language text on banknotes until 1925.[10]
Coins[]
Rama III (1824-1851) was the first king to consider the use of a flat coin. He did so not for the convenience of traders, but because he was disturbed that the creatures living in the cowrie shells were killed. When he learned of the use of flat copper coins in Singapore in 1835, he contacted a Scottish trader, who had two types of experimental coins struck in England. The king rejected both designs. The name of the country put on these first coins was Muang Thai, not Siam.[11][12]
Cowrie shells from the Mekong River had been used as currency for small amounts since the Sukhothai period. Before 1860, Thailand did not produce coins using modern methods. Instead, a so-called «bullet» coinage was used, consisting of bars of metal, thicker in the middle, bent round to form a complete circle on which identifying marks were stamped.[13]
[14] Denominations issued included ⅟128, ⅟64, ⅟32, ⅟16, ⅛, ½, 1, 1 ½, 2, 2 ½, 4, 4 ½, 8, 10, 20, 40, and 80 baht in silver and ⅟32, ⅟16, ⅛, ½, 1, 1 ½, 2, and 4 baht in gold. 1 gold baht was generally worth 16 silver baht. Between 1858 and 1860, foreign trade coins were also stamped by the government for use in Thailand.
In 1860, modern style coins were introduced. These were silver 1 sik, 1 fuang, 1 and 2 salung, 1, 2, and 4 baht, with the baht weighing 15.244 grams and the others weight related. Tin 1 solot and 1 att followed in 1862, with gold 2 ½, 4, and 8 baht introduced in 1863 and copper 2 and 4 att in 1865. Copper replaced tin in the 1 solot and 1 att in 1874, with copper 4 att introduced in 1876. The last gold coins were struck in 1895.
In 1897, the first coins denominated in satang were introduced, cupronickel 2 ½, 5, 10, and 20 satang. However, 1 solot, 1 and 2 att coins were struck until 1905 and 1 fuang coins were struck until 1910. In 1908, holed 1, 5, and 10 satang coins were introduced, with the 1 satang in bronze and the 5 and 10 satang in nickel. The 1 and 2 salung were replaced by 25 and 50 satang coins in 1915. In 1937, holed, bronze ½ satang were issued.
In 1941, a series of silver coins was introduced in denominations of 5, 10, and 20 satang, due to a shortage of nickel caused by World War II. The next year, tin coins were introduced for 1, 5, and 10 satang, followed by 20 satang in 1945 and 25 and 50 satang in 1946. In 1950, aluminium-bronze 5, 10, 25, and 50 satang were introduced whilst, in 1957, bronze 5 and 10 satang were issued, along with 1 baht coins struck in an unusual alloy of copper, nickel, silver, and zinc. Several Thai coins were issued for many years without changing the date. These include the tin 1942 1 satang and the 1950 5 and 10 satang, struck until 1973, the tin 1946 25 satang struck until 1964, the tin 50 satang struck until 1957, and the aluminium bronze 1957 5, 10, 25, and 50 satang struck until the 1970s. Cupronickel 1 baht coins were introduced in 1962 and struck without date change until 1982.
In 1972, cupronickel 5 baht coins were introduced, switching to cupronickel-clad copper in 1977. Between 1986 and 1988, a new coinage was introduced, consisting of aluminium 1, 5, and 10 satang, aluminium-bronze 25 and 50 satang, cupronickel 1 baht, cupronickel-clad-copper 5 baht and bimetallic 10 baht. Cupronickel-clad-steel 2 baht were introduced in 2005.
In 2008, the Ministry of Finance and the Royal Thai Mint announced the 2009 coin series, which included changes in materials to reduce production costs as well as an update of the image on the obverse to a more recent portrait of the king. The two-baht coin, confusingly similar in color and size to the one-baht coin, was changed from nickel-clad low-carbon steel to aluminium bronze. New two-baht coin was the first of the new series released on February 3, 2009, followed by a satang coin in April, a five-baht coin in May, a ten-baht coin in June, and a one-baht coin in July 2009.
In 2018, the Royal Thai Mint and the Ministry of Finance issued a new series of general circulation coins, featuring the same standard specifications, but feature a portrait of its current king, Maha Vajiralongkorn.
Coins of the Thai baht (Rama IX) [2] [3] Template:Th icon | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Technical parameters | Description | Date of first minting | |||
Diameter | Mass | Composition | Obverse | Reverse | ||
1 satang 1 | 15 mm | 0.5 g | 97.5% Al, 2.5% Mg | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra That Hariphunchai, Lamphun | 1987 |
99% Aluminium | 2008 | |||||
5 satang 1 | 16 mm | 0.6 g | 97.5% Al, 2.5% Mg | Wat Phra Pathom Chedi, Nakhon Pathom | 1987 | |
16.5 mm | 99% Aluminium | 2008 | ||||
10 satang 1 | 17.5 mm | 0.8 g | 97.5% Al, 2.5% Mg | Wat Phra That Choeng Chum, Sakon Nakhon | 1987 | |
99% Aluminium | 2008 | |||||
rowspan=2 Template:Coin-silver-color|25 satang | 16 mm | 1.9 g | Aluminium bronze | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra Mahathat, Nakhon Si Thammarat | 1987 |
16 mm | 1.9 g | Copper-plated steel | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra Mahathat, Nakhon Si Thammarat | 2008 | |
rowspan=2 Template:Coin-silver-color|50 satang | 18 mm | 2.4 g | Aluminium bronze | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai | 1987 |
18 mm | 2.4 g | Copper-plated steel | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phrathat Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai | 2008 | |
1 baht | 20 mm | 3.4 g | Cupronickel | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Phra Kaew, Bangkok | 1986 |
3 g | Nickel-plated steel | 2008 | ||||
2 baht | 21.75 mm | 4.4 g | Nickel-plated low-carbon steel | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Saket, Bangkok | 2005 |
21.75 mm | 4 g | Aluminium bronze | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Saket, Bangkok | 2008 | |
5 baht | 24 mm | 7.5 g | Copper nickel-clad copper | King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Benchamabophit, Bangkok | 1988 |
6 g | 2008 | |||||
rowspan=2 Template:Coin-silver-color|10 baht | rowspan=2 Template:Coin-silver-color|26 mm | 8.5 g | Outer Ring: Copper nickel Center Plug: Aluminium bronze |
King Bhumibol Adulyadej | Wat Arun, Bangkok | Template:Coin-silver-color|1988 |
Template:Coin-silver-color|2008 |
Coins of the Thai baht (Rama X) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Value | Composition | Description | Date of minting | ||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | |||
1 satang | Aluminum | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
5 satang | Aluminum | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
10 satang | Aluminum | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
25 satang | Copper-plated steel | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
50 satang | Copper-plated steel | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
1 baht | Nickel-plated steel | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
2 baht | Aluminum bronze | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
5 baht | Copper nickel-clad copper | King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 | ||
10 baht | Outer Ring: Copper nickel Center Plug: Aluminium bronze |
King Maha Vajiralongkorn | Monogram of Maha Vajiralongkorn | 2018 |
[]
- The 1, 5, and 10 satang are very rarely seen in circulation.[15] Even though the satang-denominated coins are legal tender, small shops usually don’t accept them anymore.
- Older coins, some of which are still in circulation, had only Thai numerals, but newer designs also have Arabic numerals.
- The standard-issue 10-baht coin has, at the 12 o’clock position on the reverse, raised dots corresponding to Braille cell dot 1 and dots 2-4-5, which correspond to the number 10.
- 10-baht coins are very similar to 2–euro coins in size, shape and weight, and are likewise bi-metallic, although they are worth only 25 eurocents. Vending machines not equipped with up-to-date coin detectors might therefore accept them as €2 coins.[16]
- Many commemorative 1, 2, 5, and 10 baht coins have been made for special events. There also are 20, 50, 100 baht base metal commemorative coins and higher denomination precious metal coins as well.Template:Which
In February 2010 the Treasury Department of Thailand stated that it has been planning a new circulation 20 baht coin.[17]
Banknotes[]
In 1851, the government issued notes for ⅛, ¼, ⅜, ½, and 1 tical, followed by 3, 4, 6, and 10 tamlueng in 1853. After 1857, notes for 20 and 40 ticals were issued, also bearing their values in Straits dollars and Indian rupees. Undated notes were also issued before 1868 for 5, 7, 8, 12, and 15 tamlueng, and 1 chang. One att notes were issued in 1874.
In 1892, the treasury issued notes for 1, 5, 10, 40, 80, 100, 400, and 800 ticals, called «baht» in the Thai text.
The year 1902 marked the introduction of reforms by prince Jayanta Mongkol after his observations of banking practices in Europe, which became an important landmark in the inauguration of paper money in Thailand.[18] On September 19, 1902, the government introduced notes which were printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, England, during the reigns of Kings Rama V and Rama VI, denominated 5, 10, 20, 100, and 1000 ticals, still called baht in the Thai text — each denomination having many types,[19] with 1 and 50 tical notes following in 1918. In 1925, notes were issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 100, and 1,000 baht with the denomination in both Arabic and Thai numerals without English text;[20] English speakers continued to refer to these as «ticals».[21]
In 1942, the Bank of Thailand was founded and took over responsibility for the issuance of paper money. 50 baht notes were briefly reintroduced in 1945, with 50 satang notes issued in 1946. The one baht note was replaced by a coin in 1957 and the five baht was replaced in 1972. 50 baht notes were again reintroduced in 1985, with the 10 baht note replaced by a coin in 1988. The EURion constellation has been used on the reverse of 100 and 1000 baht notes since 2003. Older notes are occasionally still found in circulation, for example, 10 baht notes, and these can usually be spent without problem. In any case, they can be exchanged for free in banks.
On 27 July 2010, the Bank of Thailand announced that the 16th series banknotes would enter circulation in December 2010.[22][23] On 9 August 2012, the Bank of Thailand issued a new denomination banknote, 80 baht, to commemorate queen Sirikit’s 80th birthday.[24] It was the first Thai banknote that featured Crane’s Motion security thread.
In 2017, the Bank of Thailand announced a new family of banknotes in remembrance of its late king Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). The notes are the same size and dimensions as the «Series 16» banknotes, with the front designs as before, but the back designs featuring images of the king’s life in infancy, adolescence and maturity. The new family of banknotes were issued on September 20.[25]
In 2018, the Bank of Thailand announced a new family of banknotes featuring a portrait of its current king, Maha Vajiralongkorn.
The main colors and dimensions of the notes are the same as before, with the back designs featuring images of the Kings of Thailand from past to present. The 20, 50 and 100 baht banknotes were issued on Chakri Memorial Day, April 6, 2018. The final two denominations, 500 and 1,000 baht were issued on the anniversary of the birth of King Maha Vajiralongkorn, July 28, 2018.[26]
Images of banknotes have been removed lest they infringe copyright,[27] but may be viewed at the Thai-language article linked in the margin.
15th series banknotes [4] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of issue | |
Obverse | Reverse | ||||
20 baht | 138 × 72 mm | Green | King Bhumibol Adulyadej in the uniform of the supreme commander of the armed forces | King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) | 3 March 2003 |
50 baht | 144 × 72 mm | Blue | King Mongkut (Rama IV) | 19 March 2004 | |
100 baht | 150 × 72 mm | Red | King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) and King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) | 21 October 2005 | |
500 baht | 156 × 72 mm | Purple | King Nangklao (Rama III) | 1 August 2001 | |
1,000 baht | 162 × 72 mm | Brown | King Bhumibol Adulyadej; Pa Sak Jolasid Dam | 25 November 2005 |
16th series banknotes**[28] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of issue | |
Obverse | Reverse | ||||
20 baht[29] | 138 × 72 mm | Green | King Bhumibol Adulyadej in the Royal House of Chakri gown | King Ram Khamhaeng the Great on the Manangkhasila Asana Throne monument; invention of the Thai script; Ramkhamhaeng stele | 1 April 2013[30] |
50 baht[31] | 144 × 72 mm | Blue | King Naresuan the Great pouring water for declaration of independence monument; Statue of king Naresuan the Great on war elephant; Phra Chedi Chai Mongkol temple | 18 January 2012[32] | |
100 baht[33] | 150 × 72 mm | Red | King Taksin the Great monument in Wongwian Yai circle; Phra Ratchawang Doem (King Taksin’s palace); Wichai Prasit Fortress Thonburi | 26 February 2015[34] | |
500 baht[35] | 156 × 72 mm | Violet | King Buddha Yodfa Chulalok the Great (King Rama I) monument; Wat Phra Chetuphon Vimolmangklararm Rajwaramahaviharn (Wat Pho); Phra Sumen Fort (Bangkok city wall) | 12 May 2014[36] | |
1,000 baht[37] | 162 × 72 mm | Brown | King Chunla Chom Klao the Great (King Rama V) monument ; Ananta Samakhom throne hall, Dusit palace ground king’s monument, end of slavery in Siam | 21 August 2015[38] |
17th series banknotes
[39] |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Dimensions | Main colour | Description | Date of issue | |
Obverse | Reverse | ||||
20 baht | 138 × 72 mm | Green | King Maha Vajiralongkorn in the uniform of the commander of the Royal Thai Air Force | Kings Phra Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) and Phra Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II) | 6 April 2018 |
50 baht | 144 × 72 mm | Blue | Kings Nangklao (Rama III) and Mongkut (Rama IV) | 6 April 2018 | |
100 baht | 150 × 72 mm | Red | Kings Chulalongkorn (Rama V) and Vajiravudh (Rama VI) | 6 April 2018 | |
500 baht | 156 × 72 mm | Purple | Kings Prajadhipok (Rama VII) and Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) | 28 July 2018 | |
1,000 baht | 162 × 72 mm | Brown | Kings Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) and Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) | 28 July 2018 |
Commemorative notes[]
In addition to the banknotes currently in circulation (herinbefore), numerous commemorative notes have been issued:
- 5 baht (1969): Date of the inauguration of the note printing works, Bank of Thailand (commemorative text added to regular 5 baht notes)
- 10 baht (1969): Date of the inauguration of the note printing works, Bank of Thailand (commemorative text added to regular 10 baht notes)
- 60 baht (1987): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 60th birthday
- 50 baht (1990): Princess mother Srinagarindra‘s 90th birthday (commemorative text added to regular 50 baht notes)
- 500 baht (1990): Princess mother Srinagarindra’s 90th birthday (commemorative text added to regular 500 baht notes)
- 1000 baht (1992): Queen Sirikit‘s 60th birthday (commemorative text added to regular 1000 baht notes)
- 10 baht (1996): 120th anniversary of the ministry of finance (commemorative text added to regular 10 baht notes)
- 50 baht (1996): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 50th anniversary of accession to the throne (polymer note)
- 500 baht (1996): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 50th anniversary of accession to the throne (polymer note)
- 500 baht (1996): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 50th anniversary of accession to the throne (a different emblem)
- 1000 baht (1999): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 72nd birthday (a different emblem)
- 50 baht (2000): 50th anniversary of royal wedding of king Bhumibol Adulyadej and queen Sirikit
- 500,000 baht (2000): 50th anniversary of royal wedding of king Bhumibol Adulyadej and queen Sirikit
- 100 baht (2002): The centenary of the issuance of Thai banknotes
- 100 baht (2004): Queen Sirikit’s 72nd birthday
- 60 baht (2006): 60th anniversary celebrations of Bhumibol Adulyadej’s accession to the throne
- 16 baht (2007): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 80th birthday (1, 5, 10 baht)
- 100 baht (2010): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 60th anniversary of coronation day and the 60th anniversary of the wedding of the king and queen Sirikit
- 100 baht (2011): King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s 84th birthday
- 80 baht (2012): Queen Sirikit’s 80th birthday[24]
- 100 baht (2012): Crown prince Maha Vajiralongkorn’s 5th Cycle (60th) birthday anniversary[24]
- 100 baht (2015): Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn’s 5th Cycle (60th) birthday anniversary[40]
- 70 baht (2016): 70th anniversary of King Bhumibol Adulyadej’s accession to the throne[41][42][43]
- 500 baht (2016): Queen Sirikit’s 7th cycle (84th) birthday[44][45]
- 20 to 1,000 baht (2017): In remembrance of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej.
Money and unit of mass[]
Ngoen (เงิน) is Thai for silver as well as the general term for money, reflecting the fact that the baht (or tical) is foremost a unit of weight for precious metals and gemstones. One baht = 15.244 grams.[46] Since the standard purity of Thai gold is 96.5%, the actual gold content of one baht by weight is 15.244 × 0.965 = 14.71046 grams; equivalent to about 0.473 troy ounces. 15.244 grams is used for bullion; in the case of jewellery, 1 baht should be more than 15.16 grams.
Exchange rates[]
File:USD rate to THB.svg Historical exchange rate of THB/USD since 1971 Historical exchange rate of THB/EUR since 2005
The Bank of Thailand adopted a series of exchange controls on December 19, 2006, which resulted in a significant divergence between offshore and onshore exchange rates, with spreads of up to 10% between the two markets. Controls were broadly lifted on March 3, 2008 and there is now no significant difference between offshore and onshore exchange rates.[47]
Year | Average exchange rate |
---|---|
2003 | 41.34 |
2004 | 40.24 |
2005 | 40.26 |
2006 | 37.92 |
2007 | 32.34 |
2008 | 32.99 |
2009 | 34.34 |
2010 | 31.73 |
2011 | 30.48 |
2012 | 31.07 |
2013 | 30.71 |
2014 | 32.48 |
2015 | 34.25 |
(Source: usd.fx-exchange.com)
Template:Exchange Rate
See also[]
- Economy of Thailand
- Stock Exchange of Thailand
References[]
- ↑ RMB role and share of international payments is declining CTMfile. 5 April 2017
- ↑ Chen, Stephen (15 August 2018). «Why other countries are giving China a licence to print money». South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2158782/why-other-countries-are-giving-china-licence-print-money. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ↑ «Currencies in South East Asia». http://aroundtheworldinaday.com/philippines_thailand_comparison/thailand_currency_philippines_currency/. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
- ↑ «The History of Siamese Money». Welcome to Chiangmai & Chiangrai. Jun 16, 2010. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110928105132/http://www.chiangmai-chiangrai.com/siamese_money.html. Retrieved Sep 22, 2011.
- ↑ «เหรียญกษาปณ์ของไทย (Coins of Thailand)» (in Thai). Thai Heritage Treasury. Ministry of defense of Thailand. http://www1.mod.go.th/heritage/nation/krasab/index1.htm. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- ↑ «จากระบบอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนอิงตะกร้าเงินสู่ระบบอัตราแลกเปลี่ยนลอยตัว (From Monetary FOREX system to floating FOREX), เศรษฐสาร Vol. 11 No. 7 July BE 2540 (1997)» (in Thai). http://www.econ.tu.ac.th/oldweb/doc/article/fulltext/81.pdf. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
- ↑ «ลดค่าเงินบาทในภาษาที่ทุกคนเข้าใจ โดย เสรี ทรัพย์เจริญ นิตยสารผู้จัดการ พฤศจิกายน 2527» (in Thai). November 1984. http://info.gotomanager.com/news/details.aspx?id=9460.
- ↑ วิวัฒนาการธนบัตรไทย (Evolution of Thai Banknotes) โดย ธนาคารแห่งประเทศไทย (Bank of Thailand) ธันวาคม 2530|language=Thai |date=December 1987
- ↑ de Campos, J. J. (1941). «The Origin of the Tical» (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (Siam Heritage Trust) JSS Vol. 33.2c. http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1941/JSS_033_2c_Campos_OriginOfTical.pdf. Retrieved June 23, 2013. «From the earliest times in Southern Burma, the weight adopted were not the Chinese liang or tael or its variants, but the Indian bahur and the viss, the latter being divided into 100 ticals. It is this Burmese tical, which was and continues to be in Burma the designation of a definite weight of uncoined silver or its compound, that throws light on the problem of the Thai tical.»
- ↑ «Banknotes, Series 1». Banknotes > History and Series of Banknotes >. Bank of Thailand. 23 February 2012. http://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryANdSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/Banknote_Series01.aspx. Retrieved 9 May 2012. «…each denomination had many types which were printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, England…..»
- ↑ «1835 Rama III unadopted design copper coin «Lotus — MuangThai»». http://phila09-04.eurseree.com/cgi-bin/info/agora.cgi?cart_id=5286534.107769*KJ66o8&p_id=1196&xm=on&ppinc=search2.
- ↑ «Template:Citation error» (in Thai). http://www.royalthaimint.net/ewtadmin/ewt/mint_web/ewt_news.php?nid=46&filename=index. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
- ↑ «Archived copy» (in Thai). Matichon. http://www.matichon.co.th/mtc-flv-window.php?newsid=1323259839. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
- ↑ เบี้ย บาท กษาปณ์แบงค์. (Cowrie, Baht, Coins, and Bank) โดย นวรัตน์ เลขะกุล. (Nawarat Lekhakum), สำนักพิมพ์สารคดี (Sarakhadee Press) 2552|language=Thai |date=2009
- ↑ Eliot, Joshua. Thailand Handbook. 2003 Footprint Travel Guides page 32.
- ↑ Gibbs, William T. (Feb 11, 2002). «Thai bahts causing euro problems — 10-baht coins work in place of 2-euro coins in machines». Coin World. Amos Press. Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090302014633/http://coinworld.com/news/021802/news-5.asp.
- ↑ http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/economics/32096/20-baht-coins-may-substitute-banknotes.
- ↑ Wararat; Sumit (Feb 26, 2012). «Thai Banknote Evolution». Bank of Thailand. http://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryANdSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/Evolution_of_Thaai_Banknotes.aspx. «By Royal Command, the Siamese Currency Notes Act, R.E. 121 was promulgated on June 24, 1902.»[dead link]
- ↑ «Banknotes, Series 1». Bank of Thailand. Feb 26, 2012. http://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryANdSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/Banknote_Series01.aspx. «The design was printed only on one side; so the note was called ‘Uniface banknote’. There were 7 denominations….»
- ↑ «Banknotes, Series 2». Bank of Thailand. Feb 26, 2012. http://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryANdSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/Banknote_Series02.aspx. «on the back side was the picture of the Royal Ploughing Ceremony. This type of banknote was called «Ploughing Ceremony Note».»
- ↑ Duncan Stearn (27 June – 3 July 2003). «Rise of state-sponsored militarism and socialism». Pattaya Mail (Pattaya: Pattaya Mail Publishing Co) XI (26). http://www.pattayamail.com/517/columns.shtml#hd6. Retrieved 18 Feb 2012. «»Does Japan dominate Siam?» I asked a leading Englishman in Bangkok. He laughed quietly: «Have you any Siamese money?» he asked. I drew out a five-ticul note (about 2 dollars 50c). «Read what is printed at the foot of the note», he commanded. I read, «Thomas de la Rue and Co., London». With calm confidence he said: «As long as the word ‘London’ stands on that Siamese bill, it is not Japan but another little island which will have the larger say in the Kingdom of Siam.»»
- ↑ «New banknotes coming in December». The Nation. 2010-07-28. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2010/07/28/national/New-banknotes-coming-in-December-30134701.html. Retrieved 2010-07-28. «new Thai banknote will circulate in December 2010»
- ↑ Thailand to issue new note family in December 2010
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 «The Introduction of Two Commemorative Banknotes on the Auspicious Occasions of Her Majesty the Queen’s 80th Birthday Anniversary 12 August 2012 and His Royal Highness Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn’s 5th Cycle Birthday Anniversary» (PDF). Press release no. 36/2012. Bank of Thailand. 3 July 2012. http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/PressAndSpeeches/Press/News2555/n3655e.pdf. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
- ↑ Commemorative Banknote in Remembrance of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2017-07-21.
- ↑ The Bank of Thailand Launches New Series of Thai Banknotes (Series 17) Bank of Thailand (https://www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2018-03-09.
- ↑ Wararat, service manager. «Reproduction of Thai banknotes». Bank of Thailand. http://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/Banknote%20service/Pages/Banknote_for_AD.aspx. Retrieved 27 Nov 2011. «In Thailand, the Bank of Thailand (BOT) has the sole right to design, produce, issue, circulate and manage Thai banknotes. The reproduction of Thai banknotes is protected by the Copyright Act B.E. 2537 Ch.1 Pt.5 §27 (2) communication to public.»
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/20_16.aspx
- ↑ «ธปท.เปิดตัวแบงก์ 50 ใหม่ เริ่มใช้ 18 ม.ค.-ปลอมยาก!». ASTV Manager Daily. http://www.thanonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=176215:-20-&catid=143:2011-01-26-05-35-57&Itemid=597. Retrieved 12 Jan 2012.
- ↑ https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/50_16.aspx
- ↑ «ธปท.ออกใช้ธนบัตรชนิดราคา 20บาท แบบใหม่». Than Setthakij. http://www.manager.co.th/Home/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9550000004990. Retrieved 28 Mar 2013.
- ↑ https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/100_16.aspx
- ↑ Press release announcing the issuance of the Series 16 100 baht banknote Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2015-02-24.
- ↑ https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/500_16.aspx
- ↑ Press release announcing the issuance of the Series 16 500 baht banknote Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2014-05-08.
- ↑ https://www.bot.or.th/English/Banknotes/HistoryAndSeriesOfBanknotes/Pages/1000_16.aspx
- ↑ Press release announcing the issuance of the Series 16 1,000 baht banknote Bank of Thailand (www.boh.or.th). Retrieved on 2015-08-18.
- ↑ «The Bank of Thailand Launches New Series of Thai Banknotes (Series 17), BOT Press Release No. 17/2018» (in English). https://www.bot.or.th/Thai/PressandSpeeches/Press/News2561/n1761e.pdf. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
- ↑ Thailand new 100-baht commemorative note confirmed. Banknote News. April 3, 2015. Retrieved on 2015-04-09.
- ↑ Thailand new 70-baht commemorative note reported for 09.06.2016 introduction BanknoteNews.com. May 30, 2016. Retrieved on 2016-05-30.
- ↑ The Bank of Thailand to Launch Commemorative Banknote in the Seventieth Anniversary Celebrations of His Majesty’s Accession to the Throne 9th June 2016 Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2016-05-30.
- ↑ «Banknote to commemorate King’s 70-year reign». Bangkok Post. 2016-05-30. http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/finance/994821/banknote-to-commemorate-kings-70-year-reign. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
- ↑ The Bank of Thailand to Launch Commemorative Banknote in the Celebrations on the Auspicious Occasion of Her Majesty the Queen’s 7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary 12th August 2016 Bank of Thailand (www.bot.or.th). Retrieved on 2016-08-01.
- ↑ Thailand new 500-baht commemorative note (B187) reported BanknoteNews.com. August 1, 2016. Retrieved on 2016-08-01.
- ↑ «A sure bet or fool’s gold?», Bangkok Post 2010-01-10
- ↑ «UPDATE 1-Onshore and offshore Thai baht converge, c.bank seen». Reuters. 3 March 2008. http://in.reuters.com/article/idINSP20869920080303.
- Sources
Template:Refbegin
- Cecil Carter eds. Template:Clarify, The Kingdom of Siam 1904, reprint by the Siam Society 1988, Template:ISBN, chapter X Currency and Banking
- Template:Numis cite SCWC
- Template:Numis cite SCWPM
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