Как пишется фирма кельвин кляйн

Type	Subsidiary
Industry	Apparel, perfume, fashion
Founded	1968; 55 years ago
Founders	Calvin Klein Barry K. Schwartz
Headquarters	New York City , U.S.
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Cheryl Abel-Hodges (CEO) Gene Gosselin (CFO)
Products	Apparel, perfume, undergarments, watches, etc.
Services	Retailing
Number of employees	1001–5000 (2015)[citation needed]
Parent	PVH (2002–present)
Website	calvinklein.com

Calvin Klein Inc. () is an internationally operating, American fashion house. The company, which became famous for its designer underwear and denim lines in the 1980s, specializes in mass-market ready-to-wear clothing for all genders and age groups as well as leather products, lifestyle accessories and shoes, home furnishings, perfume/cosmetics, eyewear, jewellery and watches in the mid-price segment. Its high-end runway fashion division, which represented the top level of the various Calvin Klein sub-brands, was discontinued in 2019.

The company was founded by designer Calvin Klein and his childhood friend, Barry K. Schwartz, in 1968^[1][2] and was acquired by PVH Corp. for a total of $700 million in 2003. It is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City,^[3] and has substantial market share in retail and commercial lines around the globe. In 2013, PVH bought Warnaco Group, one of the largest Calvin Klein licensees, for around $3 billion. Global retail sales under the Calvin Klein brand, including sales by the label’s 40 licensees, amounted to $8.5 billion in 2021.

History[edit]

The early years[edit]

Calvin Klein was one of several design leaders raised in the Jewish community in the Bronx, along with Robert Denning and Ralph Lauren.^[4] He became a protégé of Baron de Gunzburg,^[5] through whose introductions he became the toast of the New York elite fashion scene even before he had his first mainstream success with the launch of his first jeans line. He was immediately recognized for his talent after his first major showing at New York Fashion Week.

In 1968, Klein founded Calvin Klein Limited, a coat shop in the York Hotel in New York City, with $10,000.^[6][7] The first Calvin Klein collection was a line of «youthful, understated coats and dresses» featured at the New York City store Bonwit Teller.^[6]

In September 1969, Klein appeared on the cover of Vogue magazine.^[8]

1970s[edit]

By 1971, Klein had added sportswear, classic blazers, and lingerie to his women’s collection.^{[citation needed]}

In 1973, he received his first Coty American Fashion Critics’ Award for his 74-piece womenswear collection – the youngest recipient at that time.^[8] Klein won the award again in 1974 and 1975.^[8] By 1977, annual revenues had increased to $30 million (equivalent to $134 million in 2023), and Klein had licenses for scarves, shoes, belts, furs, sunglasses, and bedsheets. Klein and Schwartz were making $4 million each. After the company signed licenses for cosmetics, jeans, and menswear, Klein’s annual retail volume was estimated^{[by whom?]} at $100 million (equivalent to $447 million in 2023). In 1978, Klein claimed sales of 200,000 pairs of his famous jeans the first week they were on the market. By 1981, Fortune figured Klein’s annual income at $8.5 million. In the mid-1970s, he had created a designer-jeans craze by putting his name on the back pocket. Klein’s design assistant at the time, Jeffrey Banks, has claimed credit for the logo garments, stating that he had the logo from a press folder silkscreened onto the sleeve of a brown T-shirt as a present for Klein.^[9] The gift was assumed by Schwartz to be part of the upcoming line, and similar logo shirts formed the uniform for the front-of-house staff at Klein’s next catwalk show, leading to buyer demand.^[9]

In the late 1970s, the company also made attempts to set up its own fragrance and cosmetics lines, but soon withdrew from the market with big financial losses.^{[citation needed]}

1980s[edit]

In the 1980s, as the designer-jeans frenzy reached its all-time high, Calvin Klein introduced a highly successful line of boxer shorts for women and a men’s underwear collection which would later gross $70 million in a single year.^{[citation needed]} The American market of men’s underwear was changed – from one where most men’s underwear was white, purchased in packs of three by a «wife, mother or girlfriend when they needed to be» to one where «the American male [cares] about the brand of something few ever see».^[10]

Growth continued through the early eighties. The licensing program, which brought in $24,000 when it was initiated in 1974 (equivalent to $131,870 in 2021), had royalty income of $7.3 million ten years later (equivalent to $19.04 million in 2023). That year, worldwide retail sales were estimated at more than $60 million (equivalent to $1564.96 million in 2023). Klein’s clothes were sold through 12,000 stores in the United States and were available in six other countries through licensing deals, namely Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. His annual income passed $12 million (equivalent to $31.3 million in 2023).

Financial problems increased pressure from all sides, disagreements with the licensee of the menswear line and its disappointing sales as well as an enormous employee turnover both within Calvin Klein and its licensing partners led to the first rumors that Calvin Klein Industries, as the company had been known by then, was up for sale. And indeed, in late 1987, it was said^[who?] that the sale of the company to Triangle Industries, a container manufacturer, had only failed because of the crashing stock market.

1990s[edit]

Although the company almost faced bankruptcy in 1992, Calvin Klein managed to regain and increase the profitability of his empire throughout the later 1990s, mainly through the success of its highly popular underwear and fragrance lines, as well as the ck sportswear line. During his 1990–1995 stint as Calvin Klein’s head of menswear design, John Varvatos pioneered a type of men’s underwear called boxer briefs, a hybrid of boxer shorts and briefs.^[11] Made famous by a series of 1992 print ads featuring Mark «Marky Mark» Wahlberg,^[11][12] they have been called «one of the greatest apparel revolutions of the century.»^[11]

Klein was named «America’s Best Designer» for his minimalist all-American designs in 1993, and it came as a surprise in 1999 when it was announced that CKI was again up for sale. Planning to expand its business, the company had been approached by two luxury goods companies, LVMH and Pinault Printemps Redoute, to join Calvin Klein, but nothing resulted. Other potentials like Tommy Hilfiger Corp. and Italy’s Holding di Partecipazioni proved to be similar disappointments because of CKI’s steep price tag of supposedly $1 billion. After seven months and no potential buyer, Klein announced that his empire was not on the market anymore. The company would never manage to go public, which had supposedly been Klein’s plan once.

2002–present: Acquisition by Phillips van Heusen[edit]

In mid-December 2002, Calvin Klein Inc. (CKI) was sold to Phillips Van Heusen Corp (PVH),^[13] whose then CEO Bruce Klatsky^[14] was the driving force behind the deal, for about $400 million in cash, $30 million in stock as well as licensing rights and royalties linked to revenues over the following 15 years that were estimated at $200 to $300 million.^[15] The sale also included an ongoing personal financial incentive for Klein based on future sales of the Calvin Klein brand.

PVH outbid VF Corp., the maker of Lee and Wrangler jeans, which had also been interested in the jeans, underwear and swimwear business of CK that had been controlled by Warnaco Group, maker of Speedo swimwear in the US, since 1997. The deal with PVH did not include these businesses, and they remained with Warnaco. Unable to pay debts from acquisitions and licensing agreements and due to bad publicity by a later dismissed lawsuit with Calvin Klein over selling license products to retailers other than agreed upon with Calvin Klein, Warnaco had filed for chapter 11 protection in mid-2001 but eventually emerged from bankruptcy in February 2003.^[16]

The transaction between Calvin Klein and PVH was financially supported by Apax Partners Inc., a New York private equity firm, which is said to have made a $250 million equity investment in PVH convertible preferred stock, as well as a $125 million, two-year secured note, all in exchange for seats on the board of PVH.^[17]

CKI thus became a wholly owned subsidiary of PVH. In the beginning, Klein himself, who was included as a person in the 15-year contract he had signed with PVH, remained creative head of the collections but then continued as an advisor (consulting creative director) to the new company from 2003 on and has since been more withdrawn from the business. Barry K. Schwartz was said to concentrate on his role as chairman of the New York Racing Association, a horse-racing club. The current President and COO of the CKI division within PVH are Tom Murry, who had filled this position already before the acquisition.^{[citation needed]}

Upon the acquisition of Calvin Klein, Phillips-Van Heusen announced plans of launching a new men’s sportswear collection that rivals Ralph Lauren’s collection. This line is produced by Van Heusen.^[18]

With the fall 2006 Collection runway presentations in New York City, CKI inaugurated an 8,600 sq ft (800 m²) showroom space that can seat up to 600 people on the ground floor of 205 West 39th Street, in Times Square South where Calvin Klein has been headquartered since 1978.^{[citation needed]}

In a 2010 report, PVH, who manages the ready-to-wear activities, had estimated sales of €4.6 billion of Calvin Klein products.^[19]

In February 2013, Warnaco Group was acquired by PVH which united Calvin Klein formal, underwear, jeans and sportswear lines.^[20][21]

In 2020, PVH announced that as part of their animal welfare policy, the company does not use exotic skins and would be banning their use in Calvin Klein collections when «our annual update of that policy is released.»^[22]

Product and brand history[edit]

The most visible brand names in the Calvin Klein portfolio include:

• Calvin Klein 205W39NYC (black label, upscale^[19] top-end designer line)
• ck Calvin Klein (grey label, recently repositioned as bridge collection line; licensed to Warnaco Group, Inc. through at least 2044.^[19][23] PVH acquired Warnaco Group in Feb 2013^[20])
• Calvin Klein (white label, basic fashion^[19] better sportswear line)
• Calvin Klein Sport (sports version of the white label line for Macy’s)
• Calvin Klein Jeans (denimwear line; licensed to Warnaco Group through at least 2044.^[23] PVH acquired Warnaco Group in Feb 2013^[20])
• Calvin Klein Home (high end bedding, towel, bath rug and accessory collections)
• The Khaki Collection (youthful medium to high end bedding, towel, bath rug and accessories) discontinued in 2008
• Calvin Klein Golf (launched in late 2007)
• Calvin Klein Underwear (underwear collections; licensed to Warnaco Group through at least 2044.^[23] PVH acquired Warnaco Group in Feb 2013^[20])
• CK one Lifestyle brand (fragrance, underwear, jeans -launched 2011)^[24][25]
• Calvin Klein Watches + Jewelry (watches launched in 1997, jewelry in 2004)

For details, see Current brands and licenses.

Fragrances[edit]

Calvin Klein has various lines of perfumes and colognes, including Obsession, CK Be, and Eternity. Until May 2005, their perfumes and the corresponding fragrance lines were maintained by Calvin Klein Cosmetics Company (CKCC), a Unilever company. Cosmetics giant Coty, Inc. of New York bought the fragrance licensing agreements from Unilever.

Advertising[edit]

The early ads were shot by Bruce Weber and Richard Avedon. One of his male underwear models, Mark Wahlberg, went on to fame as hip hop star «Marky Mark», launching himself into the Hollywood scene to become a current actor. Another Hollywood star first appearing in Calvin Klein advertisements is Antonio Sabàto Jr. Calvin Klein employed Kate Moss at the start of her career in the early 1990s and in 2002 after allegations of cocaine use. Other models who have appeared in advertisements early in their careers are Natalia Vodianova, and Toni Garrn. Currently Calvin Klein uses Shawn Mendes,^[26] Tyson Ballou, Jennie and Lara Stone, and in the past has also used Christy Turlington, Jerry Hall, Patti Hansen, Tom Hintnaus, Travis Fimmel, Doutzen Kroes, Mini Andén, Garrett Neff, Sean O’Pry, Edita Vilkevičiūtė, Jamie Dornan, Liu Wen and Edward Furlong.^{[citation needed]}

Actors such as Eva Mendes, Mehcad Brooks, Scarlett Johansson, Kellan Lutz, Andie MacDowell, Alexander Skarsgård, Zoe Saldana, Rita Ora, Rooney Mara, Lupita Nyong’o, Margot Robbie, Saoirse Ronan, Jake Gyllenhaal and Diane Kruger have also been chosen to model for the brand.^{[citation needed]} Swedish footballer Freddie Ljungberg starred in a series of adverts for the company.^[27] Recently,^[when?] pop star Justin Bieber appeared in advertising for Calvin Klein’s underwear range,^[28] as did fashion model Kendall Jenner. In 2017, Solange Knowles became the face of the campaign Our Music, #MYCALVINS.^[29] On July 16, 2018, Saoirse Ronan and Lupita Nyong’o were announced as the faces of Raf Simons first fragrance for the brand, named Women.^[30]
During summer 2020, the famous actor Ji Chang-wook was the first Korean mondial ambassador of the brand.^[31]

They also have experimented with emerging technologies. When advertising cKOne perfume in 1999, they placed e-mail addresses in print advertisements, targeted at teenagers. When these teens mailed these addresses, they would be placed on a mailing list that sent them mails with vague details about the models’ lives, with fake details meant to make them more relatable. These mails came at unpredictable intervals and were supposed to give readers the feeling that they had some connection with these characters. Though the mailing lists were discontinued in 2002, the campaign has inspired similar marketing tactics for movies and other retail products. In 2019, Calvin Klein featured an ad by Sarah Rae Vargas for plus-sized women.^{[citation needed]} In 2020, Calvin Klein invited black trans model Jari Jones and other eight LGBTQ models featured its pride campaign #PROUDINMYCALVINS.^[32]

Branding[edit]

Like other fashion brands, Calvin Klein established a monogram: the «ck» emblem.^[33]

Licensees[edit]

As of 2012, the top three licensees were:

• Warnaco Group – 40% of license royalties, which is «around $100 million»^[19]
• Coty – 12% of license royalties^[19]
• G-III Apparel Group – 14% of license royalties^[19]

Internet[edit]

In 2004, the company bought the domain name CK.com. Calvin Klein is one of the few corporations worldwide to own a two letter domain name.^{[citation needed]}

Designers[edit]

When Calvin Klein was acquired by PVH Corp. in 2003, Francisco Costa was appointed the Women’s Creative Director of Calvin Klein Collection. Costa had already worked with Klein directly before the founder’s departure from the company, and had taken the director position in 2003.^[34]

Italo Zucchelli, a former Jil Sander and Romeo Gigli designer, had collaborated with Calvin Klein for six seasons before he became head designer and Men’s Creative Director of the Calvin Klein Collection menswear line in spring 2004.^[35]

Kevin Carrigan, an Englishman, was named the global creative director of the ck Calvin Klein, Calvin Klein (white label), Calvin Klein Jeans and Calvin Klein Underwear brands and their related licensed products. Carrigan had been with Calvin Klein since 1998.

In April 2016, it was announced that Francisco Costa and Italo Zucchelli would be leaving the company.^[35]

In August 2016, Calvin Klein, Inc. announced the appointment of Raf Simons as Chief Creative Officer of the brand, overseeing all aspects of design, global market and communications, and visual creative services. Simons assumed the creative strategy of the Calvin Klein brand globally across the company’s ready to wear, bridge, sportswear, jeans, underwear and home lines. Pieter Mulier was also announced as Creative Director, reporting directly to Simons and responsible for executing his creative and design vision for men’s and women’s ready to wear, bridge and better apparel and accessories. It was also announced that Kevin Carrigan resigned from the company for a creative role at Ralph Lauren.^[36] Simons’s first collections debuted for the Fall 2017 season.^[37]

In December 2016, it was announced that Amy Mellen would leave the company.^[38]

In January 2017, it was announced that Clémande Burgevin Blachman would assume the role of Vice President of Design for Calvin Klein Home.^[39]

In December 2018, it was announced that Raf Simons had parted from Calvin Klein after only two years at the company.^[40]

In November 2020, Jessica Lomax was appointed Global Head of Design, leading Calvin Klein’s global design strategy and providing creative direction across all areas of the business.^[41]

Corporate[edit]

Stores[edit]

• Calvin Klein Collection

In the late 1990s, the company opened elegant Calvin Klein Collection stores in Paris, Seoul, and Taipei and ultra high-end cK Calvin Klein stores in Hong Kong, Milan, and Kuwait City. As of today, all stores are closed. Out of the two Calvin Klein Collection stores that existed in the US, the Dallas location in Highland Park Village which had been open for 20 years was closed in mid-2005. The only international location, in Paris, was closed by PVH in March 2006. The New York store, which serves as the company’s flagship store at 654 Madison Ave., permanently closed in spring 2019.^[42] Partners maintain Calvin Klein Collection stores in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Mumbai, Seoul, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Dubai, and Qatar.

• Calvin Klein (white label)

Specialty retail Calvin Klein stores, designed by New York architecture firm Lynch/Eisinger/Design have been opened at Lenox Square in Atlanta, Beverly Center in Los Angeles; now closed down, Cherry Creek Mall in Denver; now closed down, Natick Collection in Natick, MA; closing down on July 25, 2010, The Mall at Partridge Creek in Michigan; now closed down, Aventura Mall in Aventura, Florida, South Coast Plaza in Costa Mesa California. An additional eight stores also designed by Lynch/Eisinger/Design are set to open in 2008. There are also several Calvin Klein Outlet stores, mostly located within factory outlet malls in the US, that sell the white label sportswear and sometimes the Calvin Klein white label at reduced prices but do not carry the Collection lines.

• Calvin Klein Jeans

Calvin Klein Jeans stores exist around the globe. Among many other countries in the UK, Germany, Greece, Russia, Brazil, México, Croatia, Egypt, Chile, Argentina, India, the Philippines, Australia and New Zealand. They also offer franchisee and opened in Cali last year.^{[citation needed]}

• Calvin Klein Underwear

Signature Calvin Klein Underwear boutiques can be found in Ljubljana, Buenos Aires, Cardiff (as of April 2011), Mexico City, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Melbourne, Hong Kong, London, Manchester, Manila, New York City, Shanghai, Singapore, Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Toronto, Hatfield, and Burnaby, B.C. (Metro Vancouver).

• Department Stores

The major department stores in the US, including Macy’s, Lord & Taylor, Dillard’s, and Nordstrom, as well as many small independent stores carry the ck, white label and/or Jeans collections. Some high-end department stores, such as Bergdorf Goodman, Saks Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus also carry the Calvin Klein Collection. Notable retailers in the UK offering Calvin Klein include stores such as John Lewis, Debenhams and KJ Beckett. In Australia, the dominant retailer is Myer. Calvin Klein products are also found online with particular internet focus on selling Calvin Klein underwear and fragrance.

• Europe and Asia

In Europe, Calvin Klein is predominantly known for its underwear, accessories and perhaps the Collection business, rather than for the medium-priced sportswear lines which are available at select high-end retail stores. In Asia, there are also signature ck Calvin Klein stores that carry diffusion line, aka grey label including womenswear, menswear, accessories.

Controversies[edit]

In 1980, Richard Avedon photographed and directed a Calvin Klein Jeans campaign that featured a fifteen-year-old Brooke Shields. Some of those advertisements were banned, including an infamous advert where Brooke asks, «Do you want to know what comes between me and my Calvins? Nothing!,» often misquoted as «Nothing comes between me and my Calvins.»^{[citation needed]}

The 1995 adverts promoting Calvin Klein jeans received criticism for being «kiddie porn».^{[43][44][45][46]}

In August 2012, Lululemon Athletica filed suit against Calvin Klein and supplier G-III Apparel Group for infringement of three Lululemon design patents for yoga pants.^[47] The lawsuit was somewhat unusual as it involved a designer seeking to assert intellectual property protection in clothing through patent rights. On November 20, 2012, Lululemon filed a notice of voluntary dismissal in the Delaware courts based upon a private settlement agreement reached between the parties that would dismiss the suit.^[48] According to a Lululemon press release, «Lululemon values its products and related IP rights and takes the necessary steps to protect its assets when we see attempts to mirror our products.”^[49]

However, according to Chevalier’s brand book Luxury Brand Management, Klein «is seldom involved in the design and the development of products bearing his name»^[19] and «all activities are subcontracted to licensees.»^[19]

In 2014, Klein was criticized for the designation of Myla Dalbesio in its «Perfectly Fit» which offended many women as it is made for plus sizes.^[50]

In 2020, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute accused at least 82 major brands, including Calvin Klein, of being connected to forced Uyghur labor in Xinjiang.^[51]

See also[edit]

• Sex in advertising
• Bonds (clothing)
• Gap Inc.
• H&M
• Zara (retailer)
• Desigual

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website

Type	Subsidiary
Industry	Apparel, perfume, fashion
Founded	1968; 55 years ago
Founders	Calvin Klein Barry K. Schwartz
Headquarters	New York City , U.S.
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Cheryl Abel-Hodges (CEO) Gene Gosselin (CFO)
Products	Apparel, perfume, undergarments, watches, etc.
Services	Retailing
Number of employees	1001–5000 (2015)[citation needed]
Parent	PVH (2002–present)
Website	calvinklein.com

Calvin Klein Inc. () is an internationally operating, American fashion house. The company, which became famous for its designer underwear and denim lines in the 1980s, specializes in mass-market ready-to-wear clothing for all genders and age groups as well as leather products, lifestyle accessories and shoes, home furnishings, perfume/cosmetics, eyewear, jewellery and watches in the mid-price segment. Its high-end runway fashion division, which represented the top level of the various Calvin Klein sub-brands, was discontinued in 2019.

The company was founded by designer Calvin Klein and his childhood friend, Barry K. Schwartz, in 1968^[1][2] and was acquired by PVH Corp. for a total of $700 million in 2003. It is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City,^[3] and has substantial market share in retail and commercial lines around the globe. In 2013, PVH bought Warnaco Group, one of the largest Calvin Klein licensees, for around $3 billion. Global retail sales under the Calvin Klein brand, including sales by the label’s 40 licensees, amounted to $8.5 billion in 2021.

History[edit]

The early years[edit]

Calvin Klein was one of several design leaders raised in the Jewish community in the Bronx, along with Robert Denning and Ralph Lauren.^[4] He became a protégé of Baron de Gunzburg,^[5] through whose introductions he became the toast of the New York elite fashion scene even before he had his first mainstream success with the launch of his first jeans line. He was immediately recognized for his talent after his first major showing at New York Fashion Week.

In 1968, Klein founded Calvin Klein Limited, a coat shop in the York Hotel in New York City, with $10,000.^[6][7] The first Calvin Klein collection was a line of «youthful, understated coats and dresses» featured at the New York City store Bonwit Teller.^[6]

In September 1969, Klein appeared on the cover of Vogue magazine.^[8]

1970s[edit]

By 1971, Klein had added sportswear, classic blazers, and lingerie to his women’s collection.^{[citation needed]}

In 1973, he received his first Coty American Fashion Critics’ Award for his 74-piece womenswear collection – the youngest recipient at that time.^[8] Klein won the award again in 1974 and 1975.^[8] By 1977, annual revenues had increased to $30 million (equivalent to $134 million in 2023), and Klein had licenses for scarves, shoes, belts, furs, sunglasses, and bedsheets. Klein and Schwartz were making $4 million each. After the company signed licenses for cosmetics, jeans, and menswear, Klein’s annual retail volume was estimated^{[by whom?]} at $100 million (equivalent to $447 million in 2023). In 1978, Klein claimed sales of 200,000 pairs of his famous jeans the first week they were on the market. By 1981, Fortune figured Klein’s annual income at $8.5 million. In the mid-1970s, he had created a designer-jeans craze by putting his name on the back pocket. Klein’s design assistant at the time, Jeffrey Banks, has claimed credit for the logo garments, stating that he had the logo from a press folder silkscreened onto the sleeve of a brown T-shirt as a present for Klein.^[9] The gift was assumed by Schwartz to be part of the upcoming line, and similar logo shirts formed the uniform for the front-of-house staff at Klein’s next catwalk show, leading to buyer demand.^[9]

In the late 1970s, the company also made attempts to set up its own fragrance and cosmetics lines, but soon withdrew from the market with big financial losses.^{[citation needed]}

1980s[edit]

In the 1980s, as the designer-jeans frenzy reached its all-time high, Calvin Klein introduced a highly successful line of boxer shorts for women and a men’s underwear collection which would later gross $70 million in a single year.^{[citation needed]} The American market of men’s underwear was changed – from one where most men’s underwear was white, purchased in packs of three by a «wife, mother or girlfriend when they needed to be» to one where «the American male [cares] about the brand of something few ever see».^[10]

Growth continued through the early eighties. The licensing program, which brought in $24,000 when it was initiated in 1974 (equivalent to $131,870 in 2021), had royalty income of $7.3 million ten years later (equivalent to $19.04 million in 2023). That year, worldwide retail sales were estimated at more than $60 million (equivalent to $1564.96 million in 2023). Klein’s clothes were sold through 12,000 stores in the United States and were available in six other countries through licensing deals, namely Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. His annual income passed $12 million (equivalent to $31.3 million in 2023).

Financial problems increased pressure from all sides, disagreements with the licensee of the menswear line and its disappointing sales as well as an enormous employee turnover both within Calvin Klein and its licensing partners led to the first rumors that Calvin Klein Industries, as the company had been known by then, was up for sale. And indeed, in late 1987, it was said^[who?] that the sale of the company to Triangle Industries, a container manufacturer, had only failed because of the crashing stock market.

1990s[edit]

Although the company almost faced bankruptcy in 1992, Calvin Klein managed to regain and increase the profitability of his empire throughout the later 1990s, mainly through the success of its highly popular underwear and fragrance lines, as well as the ck sportswear line. During his 1990–1995 stint as Calvin Klein’s head of menswear design, John Varvatos pioneered a type of men’s underwear called boxer briefs, a hybrid of boxer shorts and briefs.^[11] Made famous by a series of 1992 print ads featuring Mark «Marky Mark» Wahlberg,^[11][12] they have been called «one of the greatest apparel revolutions of the century.»^[11]

Klein was named «America’s Best Designer» for his minimalist all-American designs in 1993, and it came as a surprise in 1999 when it was announced that CKI was again up for sale. Planning to expand its business, the company had been approached by two luxury goods companies, LVMH and Pinault Printemps Redoute, to join Calvin Klein, but nothing resulted. Other potentials like Tommy Hilfiger Corp. and Italy’s Holding di Partecipazioni proved to be similar disappointments because of CKI’s steep price tag of supposedly $1 billion. After seven months and no potential buyer, Klein announced that his empire was not on the market anymore. The company would never manage to go public, which had supposedly been Klein’s plan once.

2002–present: Acquisition by Phillips van Heusen[edit]

In mid-December 2002, Calvin Klein Inc. (CKI) was sold to Phillips Van Heusen Corp (PVH),^[13] whose then CEO Bruce Klatsky^[14] was the driving force behind the deal, for about $400 million in cash, $30 million in stock as well as licensing rights and royalties linked to revenues over the following 15 years that were estimated at $200 to $300 million.^[15] The sale also included an ongoing personal financial incentive for Klein based on future sales of the Calvin Klein brand.

PVH outbid VF Corp., the maker of Lee and Wrangler jeans, which had also been interested in the jeans, underwear and swimwear business of CK that had been controlled by Warnaco Group, maker of Speedo swimwear in the US, since 1997. The deal with PVH did not include these businesses, and they remained with Warnaco. Unable to pay debts from acquisitions and licensing agreements and due to bad publicity by a later dismissed lawsuit with Calvin Klein over selling license products to retailers other than agreed upon with Calvin Klein, Warnaco had filed for chapter 11 protection in mid-2001 but eventually emerged from bankruptcy in February 2003.^[16]

The transaction between Calvin Klein and PVH was financially supported by Apax Partners Inc., a New York private equity firm, which is said to have made a $250 million equity investment in PVH convertible preferred stock, as well as a $125 million, two-year secured note, all in exchange for seats on the board of PVH.^[17]

CKI thus became a wholly owned subsidiary of PVH. In the beginning, Klein himself, who was included as a person in the 15-year contract he had signed with PVH, remained creative head of the collections but then continued as an advisor (consulting creative director) to the new company from 2003 on and has since been more withdrawn from the business. Barry K. Schwartz was said to concentrate on his role as chairman of the New York Racing Association, a horse-racing club. The current President and COO of the CKI division within PVH are Tom Murry, who had filled this position already before the acquisition.^{[citation needed]}

Upon the acquisition of Calvin Klein, Phillips-Van Heusen announced plans of launching a new men’s sportswear collection that rivals Ralph Lauren’s collection. This line is produced by Van Heusen.^[18]

With the fall 2006 Collection runway presentations in New York City, CKI inaugurated an 8,600 sq ft (800 m²) showroom space that can seat up to 600 people on the ground floor of 205 West 39th Street, in Times Square South where Calvin Klein has been headquartered since 1978.^{[citation needed]}

In a 2010 report, PVH, who manages the ready-to-wear activities, had estimated sales of €4.6 billion of Calvin Klein products.^[19]

In February 2013, Warnaco Group was acquired by PVH which united Calvin Klein formal, underwear, jeans and sportswear lines.^[20][21]

In 2020, PVH announced that as part of their animal welfare policy, the company does not use exotic skins and would be banning their use in Calvin Klein collections when «our annual update of that policy is released.»^[22]

Product and brand history[edit]

The most visible brand names in the Calvin Klein portfolio include:

• Calvin Klein 205W39NYC (black label, upscale^[19] top-end designer line)
• ck Calvin Klein (grey label, recently repositioned as bridge collection line; licensed to Warnaco Group, Inc. through at least 2044.^[19][23] PVH acquired Warnaco Group in Feb 2013^[20])
• Calvin Klein (white label, basic fashion^[19] better sportswear line)
• Calvin Klein Sport (sports version of the white label line for Macy’s)
• Calvin Klein Jeans (denimwear line; licensed to Warnaco Group through at least 2044.^[23] PVH acquired Warnaco Group in Feb 2013^[20])
• Calvin Klein Home (high end bedding, towel, bath rug and accessory collections)
• The Khaki Collection (youthful medium to high end bedding, towel, bath rug and accessories) discontinued in 2008
• Calvin Klein Golf (launched in late 2007)
• Calvin Klein Underwear (underwear collections; licensed to Warnaco Group through at least 2044.^[23] PVH acquired Warnaco Group in Feb 2013^[20])
• CK one Lifestyle brand (fragrance, underwear, jeans -launched 2011)^[24][25]
• Calvin Klein Watches + Jewelry (watches launched in 1997, jewelry in 2004)

For details, see Current brands and licenses.

Fragrances[edit]

Calvin Klein has various lines of perfumes and colognes, including Obsession, CK Be, and Eternity. Until May 2005, their perfumes and the corresponding fragrance lines were maintained by Calvin Klein Cosmetics Company (CKCC), a Unilever company. Cosmetics giant Coty, Inc. of New York bought the fragrance licensing agreements from Unilever.

Advertising[edit]

The early ads were shot by Bruce Weber and Richard Avedon. One of his male underwear models, Mark Wahlberg, went on to fame as hip hop star «Marky Mark», launching himself into the Hollywood scene to become a current actor. Another Hollywood star first appearing in Calvin Klein advertisements is Antonio Sabàto Jr. Calvin Klein employed Kate Moss at the start of her career in the early 1990s and in 2002 after allegations of cocaine use. Other models who have appeared in advertisements early in their careers are Natalia Vodianova, and Toni Garrn. Currently Calvin Klein uses Shawn Mendes,^[26] Tyson Ballou, Jennie and Lara Stone, and in the past has also used Christy Turlington, Jerry Hall, Patti Hansen, Tom Hintnaus, Travis Fimmel, Doutzen Kroes, Mini Andén, Garrett Neff, Sean O’Pry, Edita Vilkevičiūtė, Jamie Dornan, Liu Wen and Edward Furlong.^{[citation needed]}

Actors such as Eva Mendes, Mehcad Brooks, Scarlett Johansson, Kellan Lutz, Andie MacDowell, Alexander Skarsgård, Zoe Saldana, Rita Ora, Rooney Mara, Lupita Nyong’o, Margot Robbie, Saoirse Ronan, Jake Gyllenhaal and Diane Kruger have also been chosen to model for the brand.^{[citation needed]} Swedish footballer Freddie Ljungberg starred in a series of adverts for the company.^[27] Recently,^[when?] pop star Justin Bieber appeared in advertising for Calvin Klein’s underwear range,^[28] as did fashion model Kendall Jenner. In 2017, Solange Knowles became the face of the campaign Our Music, #MYCALVINS.^[29] On July 16, 2018, Saoirse Ronan and Lupita Nyong’o were announced as the faces of Raf Simons first fragrance for the brand, named Women.^[30]
During summer 2020, the famous actor Ji Chang-wook was the first Korean mondial ambassador of the brand.^[31]

They also have experimented with emerging technologies. When advertising cKOne perfume in 1999, they placed e-mail addresses in print advertisements, targeted at teenagers. When these teens mailed these addresses, they would be placed on a mailing list that sent them mails with vague details about the models’ lives, with fake details meant to make them more relatable. These mails came at unpredictable intervals and were supposed to give readers the feeling that they had some connection with these characters. Though the mailing lists were discontinued in 2002, the campaign has inspired similar marketing tactics for movies and other retail products. In 2019, Calvin Klein featured an ad by Sarah Rae Vargas for plus-sized women.^{[citation needed]} In 2020, Calvin Klein invited black trans model Jari Jones and other eight LGBTQ models featured its pride campaign #PROUDINMYCALVINS.^[32]

Branding[edit]

Like other fashion brands, Calvin Klein established a monogram: the «ck» emblem.^[33]

Licensees[edit]

As of 2012, the top three licensees were:

• Warnaco Group – 40% of license royalties, which is «around $100 million»^[19]
• Coty – 12% of license royalties^[19]
• G-III Apparel Group – 14% of license royalties^[19]

Internet[edit]

In 2004, the company bought the domain name CK.com. Calvin Klein is one of the few corporations worldwide to own a two letter domain name.^{[citation needed]}

Designers[edit]

When Calvin Klein was acquired by PVH Corp. in 2003, Francisco Costa was appointed the Women’s Creative Director of Calvin Klein Collection. Costa had already worked with Klein directly before the founder’s departure from the company, and had taken the director position in 2003.^[34]

Italo Zucchelli, a former Jil Sander and Romeo Gigli designer, had collaborated with Calvin Klein for six seasons before he became head designer and Men’s Creative Director of the Calvin Klein Collection menswear line in spring 2004.^[35]

Kevin Carrigan, an Englishman, was named the global creative director of the ck Calvin Klein, Calvin Klein (white label), Calvin Klein Jeans and Calvin Klein Underwear brands and their related licensed products. Carrigan had been with Calvin Klein since 1998.

In April 2016, it was announced that Francisco Costa and Italo Zucchelli would be leaving the company.^[35]

In August 2016, Calvin Klein, Inc. announced the appointment of Raf Simons as Chief Creative Officer of the brand, overseeing all aspects of design, global market and communications, and visual creative services. Simons assumed the creative strategy of the Calvin Klein brand globally across the company’s ready to wear, bridge, sportswear, jeans, underwear and home lines. Pieter Mulier was also announced as Creative Director, reporting directly to Simons and responsible for executing his creative and design vision for men’s and women’s ready to wear, bridge and better apparel and accessories. It was also announced that Kevin Carrigan resigned from the company for a creative role at Ralph Lauren.^[36] Simons’s first collections debuted for the Fall 2017 season.^[37]

In December 2016, it was announced that Amy Mellen would leave the company.^[38]

In January 2017, it was announced that Clémande Burgevin Blachman would assume the role of Vice President of Design for Calvin Klein Home.^[39]

In December 2018, it was announced that Raf Simons had parted from Calvin Klein after only two years at the company.^[40]

In November 2020, Jessica Lomax was appointed Global Head of Design, leading Calvin Klein’s global design strategy and providing creative direction across all areas of the business.^[41]

Corporate[edit]

Stores[edit]

• Calvin Klein Collection

In the late 1990s, the company opened elegant Calvin Klein Collection stores in Paris, Seoul, and Taipei and ultra high-end cK Calvin Klein stores in Hong Kong, Milan, and Kuwait City. As of today, all stores are closed. Out of the two Calvin Klein Collection stores that existed in the US, the Dallas location in Highland Park Village which had been open for 20 years was closed in mid-2005. The only international location, in Paris, was closed by PVH in March 2006. The New York store, which serves as the company’s flagship store at 654 Madison Ave., permanently closed in spring 2019.^[42] Partners maintain Calvin Klein Collection stores in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Mumbai, Seoul, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Dubai, and Qatar.

• Calvin Klein (white label)

Specialty retail Calvin Klein stores, designed by New York architecture firm Lynch/Eisinger/Design have been opened at Lenox Square in Atlanta, Beverly Center in Los Angeles; now closed down, Cherry Creek Mall in Denver; now closed down, Natick Collection in Natick, MA; closing down on July 25, 2010, The Mall at Partridge Creek in Michigan; now closed down, Aventura Mall in Aventura, Florida, South Coast Plaza in Costa Mesa California. An additional eight stores also designed by Lynch/Eisinger/Design are set to open in 2008. There are also several Calvin Klein Outlet stores, mostly located within factory outlet malls in the US, that sell the white label sportswear and sometimes the Calvin Klein white label at reduced prices but do not carry the Collection lines.

• Calvin Klein Jeans

Calvin Klein Jeans stores exist around the globe. Among many other countries in the UK, Germany, Greece, Russia, Brazil, México, Croatia, Egypt, Chile, Argentina, India, the Philippines, Australia and New Zealand. They also offer franchisee and opened in Cali last year.^{[citation needed]}

• Calvin Klein Underwear

Signature Calvin Klein Underwear boutiques can be found in Ljubljana, Buenos Aires, Cardiff (as of April 2011), Mexico City, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Melbourne, Hong Kong, London, Manchester, Manila, New York City, Shanghai, Singapore, Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Toronto, Hatfield, and Burnaby, B.C. (Metro Vancouver).

• Department Stores

The major department stores in the US, including Macy’s, Lord & Taylor, Dillard’s, and Nordstrom, as well as many small independent stores carry the ck, white label and/or Jeans collections. Some high-end department stores, such as Bergdorf Goodman, Saks Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus also carry the Calvin Klein Collection. Notable retailers in the UK offering Calvin Klein include stores such as John Lewis, Debenhams and KJ Beckett. In Australia, the dominant retailer is Myer. Calvin Klein products are also found online with particular internet focus on selling Calvin Klein underwear and fragrance.

• Europe and Asia

In Europe, Calvin Klein is predominantly known for its underwear, accessories and perhaps the Collection business, rather than for the medium-priced sportswear lines which are available at select high-end retail stores. In Asia, there are also signature ck Calvin Klein stores that carry diffusion line, aka grey label including womenswear, menswear, accessories.

Controversies[edit]

In 1980, Richard Avedon photographed and directed a Calvin Klein Jeans campaign that featured a fifteen-year-old Brooke Shields. Some of those advertisements were banned, including an infamous advert where Brooke asks, «Do you want to know what comes between me and my Calvins? Nothing!,» often misquoted as «Nothing comes between me and my Calvins.»^{[citation needed]}

The 1995 adverts promoting Calvin Klein jeans received criticism for being «kiddie porn».^{[43][44][45][46]}

In August 2012, Lululemon Athletica filed suit against Calvin Klein and supplier G-III Apparel Group for infringement of three Lululemon design patents for yoga pants.^[47] The lawsuit was somewhat unusual as it involved a designer seeking to assert intellectual property protection in clothing through patent rights. On November 20, 2012, Lululemon filed a notice of voluntary dismissal in the Delaware courts based upon a private settlement agreement reached between the parties that would dismiss the suit.^[48] According to a Lululemon press release, «Lululemon values its products and related IP rights and takes the necessary steps to protect its assets when we see attempts to mirror our products.”^[49]

However, according to Chevalier’s brand book Luxury Brand Management, Klein «is seldom involved in the design and the development of products bearing his name»^[19] and «all activities are subcontracted to licensees.»^[19]

In 2014, Klein was criticized for the designation of Myla Dalbesio in its «Perfectly Fit» which offended many women as it is made for plus sizes.^[50]

In 2020, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute accused at least 82 major brands, including Calvin Klein, of being connected to forced Uyghur labor in Xinjiang.^[51]

See also[edit]

• Sex in advertising
• Bonds (clothing)
• Gap Inc.
• H&M
• Zara (retailer)
• Desigual

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website

Calvin Klein Inc. (/klaɪn/) is an American fashion house established in 1968. It specializes in leather, lifestyle accessories, home furnishings, perfumery, jewellery, watches and ready-to-wear. The company has substantial market share in retail and commercial lines as well haute couture garments.

The company was founded by designer Calvin Klein and his childhood friend, Barry K. Schwartz. The company is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

History[]

The early years[]

In 1968, Calvin Klein founded Calvin Klein Limited, a coat shop in the York Hotel in New York City, with $10,000. The first Calvin Klein collection was a line of «youthful, understated coats and dresses» featured at the New York City store Bonwit Teller.

In September 1969, Klein appeared on the cover of Vogue magazine.

1970s[]

By 1971, Klein had added sportswear, classic blazers, and lingerie to his women’s collection.

In 1973, he received his first Coty American Fashion Critics’ Award for his 74-piece womenswear collection — the youngest recipient at that time. Klein won the award again in 1974 and 1975. By 1977, annual revenues had increased to $30 million (equivalent to $127 million in 2020), and Klein had licenses for scarves, shoes, belts, furs, sunglasses, and bedsheets . Klein and Schwartz were making $4 million each. After the company signed licenses for cosmetics, jeans, and menswear, Klein’s annual retail volume was estimated at $100 million (equivalent to $422 million in 2020). In 1978, Klein claimed sales of 200,000 pairs of his famous jeans the first week they were on the market. By 1981, Fortune figured Klein’s annual income at $8.5 million. In the mid-1970s, he had created a designer-jeans craze by putting his name on the back pocket. Klein’s design assistant at the time, Jeffrey Banks, has claimed credit for the logo garments, stating that he had the logo from a press folder silkscreened onto the sleeve of a brown T-shirt as a present for Klein. The gift was assumed by Schwartz to be part of the upcoming line, and similar logo shirts formed the uniform for the front-of-house staff at Klein’s next catwalk show, leading to buyer demand.

In the late 1970s, the company also made attempts to set up its own fragrance and cosmetics lines, but soon withdrew from the market with big financial losses.

1980s[]

In the 1980s, as the designer-jeans frenzy reached its all-time high, Calvin Klein introduced a highly successful line of boxer shorts for women and a men’s underwear collection which would later gross $70 million in a single year. The American market of men’s underwear was changed – from one where most men’s underwear was white, purchased in packs of three by a «wife, mother or girlfriend when they needed to be» to one where «the American male [cares] about the brand of something few ever see».

Growth continued through the early eighties. The licensing program, which brought in $24,000 when it was initiated in 1974 (equivalent to $124,421 in 2019), had royalty income of $7.3 million ten years later (equivalent to $17.96 million in 2020). That year, worldwide retail sales were estimated at more than $600 million (equivalent to $1476.55 million in 2020). Klein’s clothes were sold through 12,000 stores in the United States and were available in six other countries through licensing deals, namely Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. His annual income passed $12 million (equivalent to $29.53 million in 2020).

Financial problems increased pressure from all sides, disagreements with the licensee of the menswear line and its disappointing sales as well as an enormous employee turnover both within Calvin Klein and its licensing partners led to the first rumors that Calvin Klein Industries, as the company had been known by then, was up for sale. And indeed, in late 1987, it was said that the sale of the company to Triangle Industries, a container manufacturer, had only failed because of the crashing stock market.

1990s[]

Although the company almost faced bankruptcy in 1992, Calvin Klein managed to regain and increase the profitability of his empire throughout the later 1990s, mainly through the success of its highly popular underwear and fragrance lines, as well as the ck sportswear line. During his 1990-1995 stint as Calvin Klein’s head of menswear design, John Varvatos pioneered a type of men’s underwear called boxer briefs, a hybrid of boxer shorts and briefs. Made famous by a series of 1992 print ads featuring Mark «Marky Mark» Wahlberg, they have been called «one of the greatest apparel revolutions of the century.»

Klein was named «America’s Best Designer» for his minimalist all-American designs in 1993, and it came as a surprise in 1999 when it was announced that CKI was again up for sale. Planning to expand its business, the company had been approached by two luxury goods companies, LVMH and Pinault Printemps Redoute, to join Calvin Klein, but nothing resulted. Other potentials like Tommy Hilfiger Corp. and Italy’s Holding di Partecipazioni proved to be similar disappointments because of CKI’s steep price tag of supposedly $1 billion. After seven months and no potential buyer, Klein announced that his empire was not on the market anymore. The company would never manage to go public, which had supposedly been Klein’s plan once.
Former logo from 1975 to 2017

2002–present: Acquisition by Phillips van Heusen[]

In mid-December 2002, Calvin Klein Inc. (CKI) was sold to Phillips Van Heusen Corp (PVH), whose then CEO Bruce Klatsky was the driving force behind the deal, for about $400 million in cash, $30 million in stock as well as licensing rights and royalties linked to revenues over the following 15 years that were estimated at $200 to $300 million. The sale also included an ongoing personal financial incentive for Klein based on future sales of the Calvin Klein brand.

PVH outbid VF Corp., the maker of Lee and Wrangler jeans, which had also been interested in the jeans, underwear and swimwear business of CK that had been controlled by Warnaco Group, maker of Speedo swimwear in the US, since 1997. The deal with PVH did not include these businesses, and they remained with Warnaco. Unable to pay debts from acquisitions and licensing agreements and due to bad publicity by a later dismissed lawsuit with Calvin Klein over selling license products to retailers other than agreed upon with Calvin Klein, Warnaco had filed for chapter 11 protection in mid-2001 but eventually emerged from bankruptcy in February 2003.

The transaction between Calvin Klein and PVH was financially supported by Apax Partners Inc., a New York private equity firm, which is said to have made a $250 million equity investment in PVH convertible preferred stock, as well as a $125 million, two-year secured note, all in exchange for seats on the board of PVH.

CKI thus became a wholly owned subsidiary of PVH. In the beginning, Klein himself, who was included as a person in the 15-year contract he had signed with PVH, remained creative head of the collections but then continued as an advisor (consulting creative director) to the new company from 2003 on and has since been more withdrawn from the business. Barry K. Schwartz was said to concentrate on his role as chairman of the New York Racing Association, a horse-racing club. The current President and COO of the CKI division within PVH are Tom Murry, who had filled this position already before the acquisition.

Upon the acquisition of Calvin Klein, Phillips-Van Heusen announced plans of launching a new men’s sportswear collection that rivals Ralph Lauren’s collection. This line is produced by Van Heusen.

With the fall 2006 Collection runway presentations in New York City, CKI inaugurated an 8,600 sq ft (800 m²) showroom space that can seat up to 600 people on the ground floor of 205 West 39th Street, in Times Square South where Calvin Klein has been headquartered since 1978.

In a 2010 report, PVH, who manages the ready-to-wear activities, had estimated sales of €4.6 billion of Calvin Klein products.

In February 2013, Warnaco Group was acquired by PVH which united Calvin Klein formal, underwear, jeans and sportswear lines.

In 2020, PVH announced that as part of their animal welfare policy, the company does not use exotic skins and would be banning their use in Calvin Klein collections when «our annual update of that policy is released.»

Product and brand history[]

The most visible brand names in the Calvin Klein portfolio include:

• Calvin Klein 205W39NYC (black label, upscale top-end designer line)
• ck Calvin Klein (grey label, recently repositioned as bridge collection line; licensed to Warnaco Group, Inc. through at least 2044. PVH acquired Warnaco Group in Feb 2013)
• Calvin Klein (white label, basic fashion better sportswear line)
• Calvin Klein Sport (sports version of the white label line for Macy’s)
• Calvin Klein Jeans (denimwear line; licensed to Warnaco Group through at least 2044. PVH acquired Warnaco Group in Feb 2013)
• Calvin Klein Home (high end bedding, towel, bath rug and accessory collections)
• The Khaki Collection (youthful medium to high end bedding, towel, bath rug and accessories) discontinued in 2008
• Calvin Klein Golf (launched in late 2007)
• Calvin Klein Underwear (underwear collections; licensed to Warnaco Group through at least 2044. PVH acquired Warnaco Group in Feb 2013)
• CK one Lifestyle brand (fragrance, underwear, jeans -launched 2011)
• Calvin Klein Watches + Jewelry (watches launched in 1997, jewelry in 2004)

Fragrances[]

Calvin Klein has various lines of perfumes and colognes, including Obsession, CK Be, and Eternity. Until May 2005, their perfumes and the corresponding fragrance lines were maintained by Calvin Klein Cosmetics Company (CKCC), a Unilever company. Cosmetics giant Coty, Inc. of New York bought the fragrance licensing agreements from Unilever.

Advertising[]

The early ads were shot by Bruce Weber and Richard Avedon. One of his male underwear models, Mark Wahlberg, went on to fame as hip hop star «Marky Mark», launching himself into the Hollywood scene to become a current actor. Another Hollywood star first appearing in Calvin Klein advertisements is Antonio Sabato Jr.. Calvin Klein employed Kate Moss at the start of her career in the early 1990s and in 2002 after allegations of cocaine use. Other models who have appeared in advertisements early in their careers are Natalia Vodianova, and Toni Garrn. Currently Calvin Klein uses Shawn Mendes, Tyson Ballou and Lara Stone, and in the past has also used Christy Turlington, Jerry Hall, Patti Hansen, Tom Hintnaus, Travis Fimmel, Doutzen Kroes, Mini Anden, Garrett Neff, Sean O’Pry, Edita Vilkeviciute, Jamie Dornan, Liu Wen and Edward Furlong.

Actors such as Eva Mendes, Mehcad Brooks, Scarlett Johansson, Kellan Lutz, Andie MacDowell, Alexander Skarsgard, Zoe Saldana, Rita Ora, Rooney Mara, Lupita Nyong’o, Margot Robbie, Saoirse Ronan, Jake Gyllenhaal and Diane Kruger have also been chosen to model for the brand. Swedish footballer Freddie Ljungberg starred in a series of adverts for the company. Recently, singer Justin Bieber appeared in advertising for Calvin Klein’s underwear range, as did fashion model Kendall Jenner. In 2017 Solange Knowles became the face of the campaign Our Music, #MYCALVINS. On July 16, 2018, Saoirse Ronan and Lupita Nyong’o were announced as the faces of Raf Simons first fragrance for the brand, named Women. They also have experimented with emerging technologies. When advertising cKOne perfume in 1999, they placed e-mail addresses in print advertisements, targeted at teenagers. When these teens mailed these addresses, they would be placed on a mailing list that sent them mails with vague details about the models’ lives, with fake details meant to make them more relatable. These mails came at unpredictable intervals and were supposed to give readers the feeling that they had some connection with these characters. Though the mailing lists were discontinued in 2002, the campaign has inspired similar marketing tactics for movies and other retail products. In 2019, Calvin Klein featured an ad by Sarah Rae Vargas for plus-sized women. In 2020, Calvin Klein invited black trans model Jari Jones and other eight LGBTQ models featured its pride campaign #PROUDINMYCALVINS.

Branding[]

Like other fashion brands, Calvin Klein established a monogram: the «ck» emblem.

Licensees[]

As of 2012, the top three licensees were:

• Warnaco Group — 40% of license royalties, which is «around $100 million»
• Coty — 12% of license royalties
• G-III Apparel Group — 14% of license royalties

Internet[]

In 2004, the company bought the domain name CK.com. Calvin Klein is one of the few corporations worldwide to own a two letter domain name.

Designers[]

When Calvin Klein was acquired by PVH Corp. in 2003, Francisco Costa was appointed the Women’s Creative Director of Calvin Klein Collection. Costa had already worked with Klein directly before the founder’s departure from the company, and had taken the director position in 2003.

Italo Zucchelli, a former Jil Sander and Romeo Gigli designer, had collaborated with Calvin Klein for six seasons before he became head designer and Men’s Creative Director of the Calvin Klein Collection menswear line in spring 2004.

Kevin Carrigan, an Englishman, was named the global creative director of the ck Calvin Klein, Calvin Klein (white label), Calvin Klein Jeans and Calvin Klein Underwear brands and their related licensed products. Carrigan had been with Calvin Klein since 1998.

In April 2016, it was announced that Francisco Costa and Italo Zucchelli would be leaving the company.

In August 2016, Calvin Klein, Inc. announced the appointment of Raf Simons as Chief Creative Officer of the brand, overseeing all aspects of design, global market and communications, and visual creative services. Simons assumed the creative strategy of the Calvin Klein brand globally across the company’s ready to wear, bridge, sportswear, jeans, underwear and home lines. Pieter Mulier was also announced as Creative Director, reporting directly to Simons and responsible for executing his creative and design vision for men’s and women’s ready to wear, bridge and better apparel and accessories. It was also announced that Kevin Carrigan resigned from the company for a creative role at Ralph Lauren. Simons’s first collections debuted for the Fall 2017 season.

In December 2016, it was announced that Amy Mellen would leave the company.

In January 2017, it was announced that Clémande Burgevin Blachman would assume the role of Vice President of Design for Calvin Klein Home.

In December 2018, it was announced that Raf Simons had parted from Calvin Klein after only two years at the company.

Corporate[]

Stores[]

• Calvin Klein Collection

In the late 1990s, the company opened elegant Calvin Klein Collection stores in Paris, Seoul, and Taipei and ultra high-end cK Calvin Klein stores in Hong Kong, Milan, and Kuwait City. As of today, there is only one Calvin Klein Collection store operated by CKI. It is located in New York City. Out of the two Calvin Klein Collection stores that existed in the US, the Dallas location in Highland Park Village which had been open for 20 years was closed in mid-2005. The only international location, in Paris, was closed by PVH in March 2006. The New York store, which serves as the company’s flagship store at 654 Madison Ave., remains open still today. Partners maintain Calvin Klein Collection stores in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Mumbai, Seoul, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Dubai, and Qatar.

• Calvin Klein (white label)

Specialty retail Calvin Klein stores, designed by New York architecture firm Lynch/Eisinger/Design have been opened at Lenox Square in Atlanta, Beverly Center in Los Angeles; now closed down, Cherry Creek Mall in Denver; now closed down, Natick Collection in Natick, MA; closing down on July 25, 2010, The Mall at Partridge Creek in Michigan; now closed down, Aventura Mall in Aventura, Florida, South Coast Plaza in Costa Mesa California. An additional eight stores also designed by Lynch/Eisinger/Design are set to open in 2008. There are also several Calvin Klein Outlet stores, mostly located within factory outlet malls in the US, that sell the white label sportswear and sometimes the Calvin Klein white label at reduced prices but do not carry the Collection lines.

• Calvin Klein Jeans

Calvin Klein Jeans stores exist around the globe. Among many other countries in the UK, Germany, Greece, Russia, Brazil, México, Croatia, Egypt, Chile, Argentina, India, the Philippines, Australia and New Zealand. They also offer franchisee and opened in Cali last year.

• Calvin Klein Underwear

Signature Calvin Klein Underwear boutiques can be found in Ljubljana, Buenos Aires, Cardiff (as of April 2011), Mexico City, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Melbourne, Hong Kong, London, Manchester, Manila, New York City, Shanghai, Singapore, Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Toronto, Hatfield, and Burnaby, B.C. (Metro Vancouver).

• Department Stores

The major department stores in the US, including Macy’s, Lord & Taylor, Dillard’s, and Nordstrom, as well as many small independent stores carry the ck, white label and/or Jeans collections. Some high-end department stores, such as Bergdorf Goodman, Saks Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus also carry the Calvin Klein Collection. Notable retailers in the UK offering Calvin Klein include stores such as John Lewis, Debenhams and KJ Beckett. In Australia, the dominant retailer is Myer. Calvin Klein products are also found online with particular internet focus on selling Calvin Klein underwear and fragrance.

• Europe and Asia

In Europe, Calvin Klein is predominantly known for its underwear, accessories and perhaps the Collection business, rather than for the medium-priced sportswear lines which are available at select high-end retail stores. In Asia, there are also signature ck Calvin Klein stores that carry diffusion line, aka grey label including womenswear, menswear, accessories.

Calvin Klein Inc. (/klaɪn/) is an American fashion house established in 1968. It specializes in leather, lifestyle accessories, home furnishings, perfumery, jewellery, watches and ready-to-wear. The company has substantial market share in retail and commercial lines as well haute couture garments.

The company was founded by designer Calvin Klein and his childhood friend, Barry K. Schwartz. The company is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

History[]

The early years[]

In 1968, Calvin Klein founded Calvin Klein Limited, a coat shop in the York Hotel in New York City, with $10,000. The first Calvin Klein collection was a line of «youthful, understated coats and dresses» featured at the New York City store Bonwit Teller.

In September 1969, Klein appeared on the cover of Vogue magazine.

1970s[]

By 1971, Klein had added sportswear, classic blazers, and lingerie to his women’s collection.

In 1973, he received his first Coty American Fashion Critics’ Award for his 74-piece womenswear collection — the youngest recipient at that time. Klein won the award again in 1974 and 1975. By 1977, annual revenues had increased to $30 million (equivalent to $127 million in 2020), and Klein had licenses for scarves, shoes, belts, furs, sunglasses, and bedsheets . Klein and Schwartz were making $4 million each. After the company signed licenses for cosmetics, jeans, and menswear, Klein’s annual retail volume was estimated at $100 million (equivalent to $422 million in 2020). In 1978, Klein claimed sales of 200,000 pairs of his famous jeans the first week they were on the market. By 1981, Fortune figured Klein’s annual income at $8.5 million. In the mid-1970s, he had created a designer-jeans craze by putting his name on the back pocket. Klein’s design assistant at the time, Jeffrey Banks, has claimed credit for the logo garments, stating that he had the logo from a press folder silkscreened onto the sleeve of a brown T-shirt as a present for Klein. The gift was assumed by Schwartz to be part of the upcoming line, and similar logo shirts formed the uniform for the front-of-house staff at Klein’s next catwalk show, leading to buyer demand.

In the late 1970s, the company also made attempts to set up its own fragrance and cosmetics lines, but soon withdrew from the market with big financial losses.

1980s[]

In the 1980s, as the designer-jeans frenzy reached its all-time high, Calvin Klein introduced a highly successful line of boxer shorts for women and a men’s underwear collection which would later gross $70 million in a single year. The American market of men’s underwear was changed – from one where most men’s underwear was white, purchased in packs of three by a «wife, mother or girlfriend when they needed to be» to one where «the American male [cares] about the brand of something few ever see».

Growth continued through the early eighties. The licensing program, which brought in $24,000 when it was initiated in 1974 (equivalent to $124,421 in 2019), had royalty income of $7.3 million ten years later (equivalent to $17.96 million in 2020). That year, worldwide retail sales were estimated at more than $600 million (equivalent to $1476.55 million in 2020). Klein’s clothes were sold through 12,000 stores in the United States and were available in six other countries through licensing deals, namely Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. His annual income passed $12 million (equivalent to $29.53 million in 2020).

Financial problems increased pressure from all sides, disagreements with the licensee of the menswear line and its disappointing sales as well as an enormous employee turnover both within Calvin Klein and its licensing partners led to the first rumors that Calvin Klein Industries, as the company had been known by then, was up for sale. And indeed, in late 1987, it was said that the sale of the company to Triangle Industries, a container manufacturer, had only failed because of the crashing stock market.

1990s[]

Although the company almost faced bankruptcy in 1992, Calvin Klein managed to regain and increase the profitability of his empire throughout the later 1990s, mainly through the success of its highly popular underwear and fragrance lines, as well as the ck sportswear line. During his 1990-1995 stint as Calvin Klein’s head of menswear design, John Varvatos pioneered a type of men’s underwear called boxer briefs, a hybrid of boxer shorts and briefs. Made famous by a series of 1992 print ads featuring Mark «Marky Mark» Wahlberg, they have been called «one of the greatest apparel revolutions of the century.»

Klein was named «America’s Best Designer» for his minimalist all-American designs in 1993, and it came as a surprise in 1999 when it was announced that CKI was again up for sale. Planning to expand its business, the company had been approached by two luxury goods companies, LVMH and Pinault Printemps Redoute, to join Calvin Klein, but nothing resulted. Other potentials like Tommy Hilfiger Corp. and Italy’s Holding di Partecipazioni proved to be similar disappointments because of CKI’s steep price tag of supposedly $1 billion. After seven months and no potential buyer, Klein announced that his empire was not on the market anymore. The company would never manage to go public, which had supposedly been Klein’s plan once.
Former logo from 1975 to 2017

2002–present: Acquisition by Phillips van Heusen[]

In mid-December 2002, Calvin Klein Inc. (CKI) was sold to Phillips Van Heusen Corp (PVH), whose then CEO Bruce Klatsky was the driving force behind the deal, for about $400 million in cash, $30 million in stock as well as licensing rights and royalties linked to revenues over the following 15 years that were estimated at $200 to $300 million. The sale also included an ongoing personal financial incentive for Klein based on future sales of the Calvin Klein brand.

PVH outbid VF Corp., the maker of Lee and Wrangler jeans, which had also been interested in the jeans, underwear and swimwear business of CK that had been controlled by Warnaco Group, maker of Speedo swimwear in the US, since 1997. The deal with PVH did not include these businesses, and they remained with Warnaco. Unable to pay debts from acquisitions and licensing agreements and due to bad publicity by a later dismissed lawsuit with Calvin Klein over selling license products to retailers other than agreed upon with Calvin Klein, Warnaco had filed for chapter 11 protection in mid-2001 but eventually emerged from bankruptcy in February 2003.

The transaction between Calvin Klein and PVH was financially supported by Apax Partners Inc., a New York private equity firm, which is said to have made a $250 million equity investment in PVH convertible preferred stock, as well as a $125 million, two-year secured note, all in exchange for seats on the board of PVH.

CKI thus became a wholly owned subsidiary of PVH. In the beginning, Klein himself, who was included as a person in the 15-year contract he had signed with PVH, remained creative head of the collections but then continued as an advisor (consulting creative director) to the new company from 2003 on and has since been more withdrawn from the business. Barry K. Schwartz was said to concentrate on his role as chairman of the New York Racing Association, a horse-racing club. The current President and COO of the CKI division within PVH are Tom Murry, who had filled this position already before the acquisition.

Upon the acquisition of Calvin Klein, Phillips-Van Heusen announced plans of launching a new men’s sportswear collection that rivals Ralph Lauren’s collection. This line is produced by Van Heusen.

With the fall 2006 Collection runway presentations in New York City, CKI inaugurated an 8,600 sq ft (800 m²) showroom space that can seat up to 600 people on the ground floor of 205 West 39th Street, in Times Square South where Calvin Klein has been headquartered since 1978.

In a 2010 report, PVH, who manages the ready-to-wear activities, had estimated sales of €4.6 billion of Calvin Klein products.

In February 2013, Warnaco Group was acquired by PVH which united Calvin Klein formal, underwear, jeans and sportswear lines.

In 2020, PVH announced that as part of their animal welfare policy, the company does not use exotic skins and would be banning their use in Calvin Klein collections when «our annual update of that policy is released.»

Product and brand history[]

The most visible brand names in the Calvin Klein portfolio include:

• Calvin Klein 205W39NYC (black label, upscale top-end designer line)
• ck Calvin Klein (grey label, recently repositioned as bridge collection line; licensed to Warnaco Group, Inc. through at least 2044. PVH acquired Warnaco Group in Feb 2013)
• Calvin Klein (white label, basic fashion better sportswear line)
• Calvin Klein Sport (sports version of the white label line for Macy’s)
• Calvin Klein Jeans (denimwear line; licensed to Warnaco Group through at least 2044. PVH acquired Warnaco Group in Feb 2013)
• Calvin Klein Home (high end bedding, towel, bath rug and accessory collections)
• The Khaki Collection (youthful medium to high end bedding, towel, bath rug and accessories) discontinued in 2008
• Calvin Klein Golf (launched in late 2007)
• Calvin Klein Underwear (underwear collections; licensed to Warnaco Group through at least 2044. PVH acquired Warnaco Group in Feb 2013)
• CK one Lifestyle brand (fragrance, underwear, jeans -launched 2011)
• Calvin Klein Watches + Jewelry (watches launched in 1997, jewelry in 2004)

Fragrances[]

Calvin Klein has various lines of perfumes and colognes, including Obsession, CK Be, and Eternity. Until May 2005, their perfumes and the corresponding fragrance lines were maintained by Calvin Klein Cosmetics Company (CKCC), a Unilever company. Cosmetics giant Coty, Inc. of New York bought the fragrance licensing agreements from Unilever.

Advertising[]

The early ads were shot by Bruce Weber and Richard Avedon. One of his male underwear models, Mark Wahlberg, went on to fame as hip hop star «Marky Mark», launching himself into the Hollywood scene to become a current actor. Another Hollywood star first appearing in Calvin Klein advertisements is Antonio Sabato Jr.. Calvin Klein employed Kate Moss at the start of her career in the early 1990s and in 2002 after allegations of cocaine use. Other models who have appeared in advertisements early in their careers are Natalia Vodianova, and Toni Garrn. Currently Calvin Klein uses Shawn Mendes, Tyson Ballou and Lara Stone, and in the past has also used Christy Turlington, Jerry Hall, Patti Hansen, Tom Hintnaus, Travis Fimmel, Doutzen Kroes, Mini Anden, Garrett Neff, Sean O’Pry, Edita Vilkeviciute, Jamie Dornan, Liu Wen and Edward Furlong.

Actors such as Eva Mendes, Mehcad Brooks, Scarlett Johansson, Kellan Lutz, Andie MacDowell, Alexander Skarsgard, Zoe Saldana, Rita Ora, Rooney Mara, Lupita Nyong’o, Margot Robbie, Saoirse Ronan, Jake Gyllenhaal and Diane Kruger have also been chosen to model for the brand. Swedish footballer Freddie Ljungberg starred in a series of adverts for the company. Recently, singer Justin Bieber appeared in advertising for Calvin Klein’s underwear range, as did fashion model Kendall Jenner. In 2017 Solange Knowles became the face of the campaign Our Music, #MYCALVINS. On July 16, 2018, Saoirse Ronan and Lupita Nyong’o were announced as the faces of Raf Simons first fragrance for the brand, named Women. They also have experimented with emerging technologies. When advertising cKOne perfume in 1999, they placed e-mail addresses in print advertisements, targeted at teenagers. When these teens mailed these addresses, they would be placed on a mailing list that sent them mails with vague details about the models’ lives, with fake details meant to make them more relatable. These mails came at unpredictable intervals and were supposed to give readers the feeling that they had some connection with these characters. Though the mailing lists were discontinued in 2002, the campaign has inspired similar marketing tactics for movies and other retail products. In 2019, Calvin Klein featured an ad by Sarah Rae Vargas for plus-sized women. In 2020, Calvin Klein invited black trans model Jari Jones and other eight LGBTQ models featured its pride campaign #PROUDINMYCALVINS.

Branding[]

Like other fashion brands, Calvin Klein established a monogram: the «ck» emblem.

Licensees[]

As of 2012, the top three licensees were:

• Warnaco Group — 40% of license royalties, which is «around $100 million»
• Coty — 12% of license royalties
• G-III Apparel Group — 14% of license royalties

Internet[]

In 2004, the company bought the domain name CK.com. Calvin Klein is one of the few corporations worldwide to own a two letter domain name.

Designers[]

When Calvin Klein was acquired by PVH Corp. in 2003, Francisco Costa was appointed the Women’s Creative Director of Calvin Klein Collection. Costa had already worked with Klein directly before the founder’s departure from the company, and had taken the director position in 2003.

Italo Zucchelli, a former Jil Sander and Romeo Gigli designer, had collaborated with Calvin Klein for six seasons before he became head designer and Men’s Creative Director of the Calvin Klein Collection menswear line in spring 2004.

Kevin Carrigan, an Englishman, was named the global creative director of the ck Calvin Klein, Calvin Klein (white label), Calvin Klein Jeans and Calvin Klein Underwear brands and their related licensed products. Carrigan had been with Calvin Klein since 1998.

In April 2016, it was announced that Francisco Costa and Italo Zucchelli would be leaving the company.

In August 2016, Calvin Klein, Inc. announced the appointment of Raf Simons as Chief Creative Officer of the brand, overseeing all aspects of design, global market and communications, and visual creative services. Simons assumed the creative strategy of the Calvin Klein brand globally across the company’s ready to wear, bridge, sportswear, jeans, underwear and home lines. Pieter Mulier was also announced as Creative Director, reporting directly to Simons and responsible for executing his creative and design vision for men’s and women’s ready to wear, bridge and better apparel and accessories. It was also announced that Kevin Carrigan resigned from the company for a creative role at Ralph Lauren. Simons’s first collections debuted for the Fall 2017 season.

In December 2016, it was announced that Amy Mellen would leave the company.

In January 2017, it was announced that Clémande Burgevin Blachman would assume the role of Vice President of Design for Calvin Klein Home.

In December 2018, it was announced that Raf Simons had parted from Calvin Klein after only two years at the company.

Corporate[]

Stores[]

• Calvin Klein Collection

In the late 1990s, the company opened elegant Calvin Klein Collection stores in Paris, Seoul, and Taipei and ultra high-end cK Calvin Klein stores in Hong Kong, Milan, and Kuwait City. As of today, there is only one Calvin Klein Collection store operated by CKI. It is located in New York City. Out of the two Calvin Klein Collection stores that existed in the US, the Dallas location in Highland Park Village which had been open for 20 years was closed in mid-2005. The only international location, in Paris, was closed by PVH in March 2006. The New York store, which serves as the company’s flagship store at 654 Madison Ave., remains open still today. Partners maintain Calvin Klein Collection stores in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Mumbai, Seoul, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Dubai, and Qatar.

• Calvin Klein (white label)

Specialty retail Calvin Klein stores, designed by New York architecture firm Lynch/Eisinger/Design have been opened at Lenox Square in Atlanta, Beverly Center in Los Angeles; now closed down, Cherry Creek Mall in Denver; now closed down, Natick Collection in Natick, MA; closing down on July 25, 2010, The Mall at Partridge Creek in Michigan; now closed down, Aventura Mall in Aventura, Florida, South Coast Plaza in Costa Mesa California. An additional eight stores also designed by Lynch/Eisinger/Design are set to open in 2008. There are also several Calvin Klein Outlet stores, mostly located within factory outlet malls in the US, that sell the white label sportswear and sometimes the Calvin Klein white label at reduced prices but do not carry the Collection lines.

• Calvin Klein Jeans

Calvin Klein Jeans stores exist around the globe. Among many other countries in the UK, Germany, Greece, Russia, Brazil, México, Croatia, Egypt, Chile, Argentina, India, the Philippines, Australia and New Zealand. They also offer franchisee and opened in Cali last year.

• Calvin Klein Underwear

Signature Calvin Klein Underwear boutiques can be found in Ljubljana, Buenos Aires, Cardiff (as of April 2011), Mexico City, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Melbourne, Hong Kong, London, Manchester, Manila, New York City, Shanghai, Singapore, Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Toronto, Hatfield, and Burnaby, B.C. (Metro Vancouver).

• Department Stores

The major department stores in the US, including Macy’s, Lord & Taylor, Dillard’s, and Nordstrom, as well as many small independent stores carry the ck, white label and/or Jeans collections. Some high-end department stores, such as Bergdorf Goodman, Saks Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus also carry the Calvin Klein Collection. Notable retailers in the UK offering Calvin Klein include stores such as John Lewis, Debenhams and KJ Beckett. In Australia, the dominant retailer is Myer. Calvin Klein products are also found online with particular internet focus on selling Calvin Klein underwear and fragrance.

• Europe and Asia

In Europe, Calvin Klein is predominantly known for its underwear, accessories and perhaps the Collection business, rather than for the medium-priced sportswear lines which are available at select high-end retail stores. In Asia, there are also signature ck Calvin Klein stores that carry diffusion line, aka grey label including womenswear, menswear, accessories.

Тип	Дочерняя компания
Промышленность	Одежда, духи, мода
Основана	1968 г.; 52 года назад (1968)
Основатели	Calvin Klein. Барри К. Шварц
Штаб-квартира	Нью-Йорк, США
Обслуживаемая территория	по всему миру
Ключевые люди	Шерил Абель-Ходжес (Генеральный директор ). Джин Госселин (Финансовый директор )
Продукты	Одежда, духи, нижнее белье, часы и т. Д.
Услуги	Розничная торговля
Количество сотрудников	1001–5000 (2015)
Родительский	PVH (2002 – настоящее время)
Веб-сайт	CalvinKlein.com

Магазин Calvin Klein в Fairview Mall

Calvin Klein Inc. () — американский дом моды, основанный в 1968 году. Он специализируется на коже, аксессуарах для жизни, предметах домашнего обихода, парфюмерии, украшениях, часах и готовой продукции. одежда. Компания занимает значительную долю рынка в розничной торговле и коммерции, а также от кутюр одежды.

Компания была основана дизайнером Кэлвином Кляйном и его друг детства Барри К. Шварц. Штаб-квартира y находится в Мидтаун Манхэттен, Нью-Йорк.

Содержание

• 1 История
  • 1.1 Ранние годы
  • 1.2 1970-е
  • 1.3 1980-е
  • 1.4 1990-е
  • 1,5 2002 – настоящее время: приобретение компанией Phillips van Heusen
• 2 История продукта и бренда
  • 2.1 Ароматы
  • 2.2 Реклама
  • 2.3 Брендинг
  • 2.4 Лицензиаты
  • 2.5 Интернет
• 3 Дизайнеры
• 4 Корпоративный
  • 4.1 Магазины
• 5 Споры
• 6 См. Также
• 7 Ссылки
• 8 Внешние ссылки

История

Ранние годы

В 1968 году Кэлвин Кляйн основал Calvin Klein Limited, магазин верхней одежды в York Hotel в Нью-Йорке, на сумму 10 000 долларов. Первой коллекцией Calvin Klein была линия «молодежных сдержанных пальто и платьев», представленная в магазине в Нью-Йорке Bonwit Teller.

В сентябре 1969 года Кляйн появилась на обложке журнала Vogue..

1970-е

К 1971 году Кляйн добавил спортивную одежду, классические блейзеры и нижнее белье в свою женскую коллекцию.

В 1973 году он получил свой первый Coty American Премия модных критиков за его коллекцию женской одежды из 74 предметов — самая молодая награда на тот момент. Кляйн снова выигрывал эту награду в 1974 и 1975 годах. К 1977 году годовой доход увеличился до 30 миллионов долларов (что эквивалентно 127 миллионам долларов в 2020 году), и у Кляйна были лицензии на шарфы, обувь, ремни, меха, солнцезащитные очки и простыни. Кляйн и Шварц зарабатывали по 4 миллиона долларов каждый. После того, как компания подписала лицензии на косметику, джинсы и мужскую одежду, годовой объем розничных продаж Кляйна оценивался в 100 миллионов долларов (что эквивалентно 422 миллионам долларов в 2020 году). В 1978 году Кляйн заявил, что за первую неделю их появления на рынке было продано 200 000 пар своих знаменитых джинсов. К 1981 году Fortune оценила годовой доход Кляйна в 8,5 миллиона долларов. В середине 1970-х он произвел повальное увлечение дизайнерскими джинсами, написав свое имя на заднем кармане. Ассистент Кляйна по дизайну в то время, Джеффри Бэнкс, потребовал кредит на одежду с логотипом, заявив, что у него был логотип из папки для прессы шелкографии на рукаве коричневого Футболка в подарок Кляйну. Шварц предполагал, что подарок станет частью предстоящей линии, и похожие рубашки с логотипом сформировали униформу для парадного персонала на следующем подиуме Кляйна, что вызвало спрос покупателей.

В конце 1970-х годов, компания также предприняла попытки создать собственные линии ароматов и косметики, но вскоре ушла с рынка с большими финансовыми потерями.

1980-е

В 1980-х годах, когда безумие дизайнеров джинсов достигло своего небывалого пика, Calvin Klein представил очень успешную линию боксеров для женщин и коллекцию мужского нижнего белья, которая позже принесла бы 70 миллионов долларов за год. Американский рынок мужского нижнего белья изменился — от того, где большинство мужских трусов было белым, которое покупала пачками по три «жена, мать или подруга, когда им нужно было», до того, где американский мужчина [заботится] о бренде чего-то, что мало кто когда-либо видел ».

Рост продолжался в начале восьмидесятых. Программа лицензирования, начавшаяся в 1974 году, принесла 24000 долларов (что эквивалентно 124 421 доллару в 2019 году), а через десять лет доход от лицензионных отчислений составил 7,3 миллиона долларов (что эквивалентно 17,96 миллиона долларов в 2020 году). В том году мировые розничные продажи оценивались более чем в 600 миллионов долларов (что эквивалентно 1476,55 миллиона долларов в 2020 году). Одежда Кляйна продавалась через 12 000 магазинов в США и была доступна в шести других странах по лицензионным соглашениям, а именно в Канаде, Великобритании, Ирландии, Австралии, Новой Зеландии и Японии. Его годовой доход превысил 12 миллионов долларов (что эквивалентно 29,53 миллионам долларов в 2020 году).

Финансовые проблемы усилили давление со всех сторон, разногласия с лицензиатом линии мужской одежды и ее неутешительные продажи, а также огромная текучесть кадров как в Calvin Klein, так и в ее лицензионных партнерах привели к первым слухам о том, что Calvin Klein Industries, как тогда называлась компания, выставлялась на продажу. И действительно, в конце 1987 года было сказано, что продажа компании Triangle Industries, производителю контейнеров, потерпела неудачу только из-за обвала фондового рынка.

1990-е годы

Хотя в 1992 году компания чуть не столкнулась с банкротством, Кельвину Кляйну удалось восстановить и увеличить прибыльность своей империи на протяжении последних 1990-х годов, в основном благодаря успеху своего очень популярного нижнего белья и парфюмерии. линии, а также линия спортивной одежды ck. В 1990-1995 годах в качестве руководителя отдела дизайна мужской одежды Calvin Klein Джон Варватос разработал тип мужского нижнего белья под названием трусы-боксеры, гибрид боксеров и сводки. Прославленные серией печатной рекламы 1992 года с изображением Марка «Марки Марка» Уолберга, они были названы «одной из величайших революций в одежде века».

Кляйн был назван «американским лидером». Лучший дизайнер »за его минималистский общеамериканский дизайн в 1993 году, а в 1999 году стало неожиданностью, когда было объявлено, что CKI снова выставлен на продажу. Планируя расширить свой бизнес, к компании обратились две компании, производящие предметы роскоши, LVMH и Pinault Printemps Redoute, с предложением присоединиться к Calvin Klein, но ничего не вышло. Другие возможности, такие как Tommy Hilfiger Corp. и итальянский Holding di Partecipazioni оказались похожими разочарованиями из-за высокой цены CKI, предположительно в 1 миллиард долларов. Спустя семь месяцев и отсутствия потенциального покупателя Кляйн объявил, что его империя больше не продается. Компании никогда не удастся стать публичной, что якобы когда-то было планом Кляйна.

Прежний логотип с 1975 по 2017 гг.

2002 – настоящее время: приобретение компанией Phillips van Heusen

В середине декабря 2002 г. Calvin Klein Inc. (CKI) была продана Phillips Van Heusen Corp (PVH), чей тогдашний генеральный директор Брюс Клацки был движущей силой сделки, за около 400 миллионов долларов наличными, 30 миллионов долларов в акциях, а также лицензионные права и роялти, связанные с доходами в течение следующих 15 лет, которые оценивались в От 200 до 300 миллионов долларов. Продажа также включала постоянный личный финансовый стимул для Кляйна, основанный на будущих продажах бренда Calvin Klein.

PVH перебил цену VF Corp., производителя джинсов Lee и Wrangler, который также интересовался джинсами, нижним бельем и купальниками. бизнес CK, который контролировался Warnaco Group, производителем купальных костюмов Speedo в США с 1997 года. Сделка с PVH не включала эти предприятия, и они остались с Warnaco. Не имея возможности выплатить долги по соглашениям о приобретениях и лицензионных соглашениях, а также из-за плохой огласки из-за более позднего отклоненного иска с Calvin Klein о продаже лицензионных продуктов розничным торговцам, не согласованным с Calvin Klein, Warnaco подала заявку на защиту по главе 11 в середине 2001 года, но в конце концов появилась от банкротства в феврале 2003 года.

Сделка между Calvin Klein и PVH была финансово поддержана Apax Partners Inc., нью-йоркской частной инвестиционной компанией, которая, как сообщается, заработала 250 миллионов долларов вложения в акционерный капитал конвертируемых привилегированных акций PVH, а также двухлетние обеспеченные облигации на 125 млн долларов в обмен на места в совете директоров PVH.

Таким образом, CKI стала 100% дочерней компанией PVH. Вначале сам Кляйн, который был включен в 15-летний контракт, который он подписал с PVH, оставался креативным руководителем коллекций, но затем продолжил работу советником (креативным директором-консультантом) в новой компании с 2003 года. с тех пор больше отдалился от бизнеса. Барри К. Шварц, как говорили, сосредоточился на своей роли председателя Нью-Йоркской ассоциации скачек, клуба скачек. Текущий президент и главный операционный директор подразделения CKI в PVH — Том Мэрри, который занимал эту должность еще до приобретения.

После приобретения Calvin Klein Phillips-Van Heusen объявил о планах по запуску новой мужской спортивной одежды. Коллекция, которая соперничает с коллекцией Ральфа Лорена. Эта линия произведена Van Heusen.

Осенью 2006 года Collection на подиуме в Нью-Йорке, CKI открыла выставочный зал площадью 8600 кв. Футов (800 м), вмещающий до 600 человек. люди на первом этаже 205 West 39th Street, в Times Square South, где Calvin Klein находится со штаб-квартирой с 1978 года.

В отчете 2010 года PVH, который управляет готовыми к эксплуатации Предполагаемый объем продаж продукции Calvin Klein составил 4,6 млрд евро.

В феврале 2013 года Warnaco Group была приобретена PVH, которая объединила Calvin Klein Formal и нижнее белье., линии джинсов и спортивной одежды.

В 2020 году PVH объявил, что в рамках своей политики защиты животных компания не использует экзотические шкуры и запретит их использование в коллекциях Calvin Klein, когда «наше ежегодное обновление этого политика выпущена. «

История продукта и бренда

Женщина, моделирующая спортивный бюстгальтер и нижнее белье Calvin Klein

Наиболее заметные бренды в портфолио Calvin Klein o включают:

• Calvin Klein 205W39NYC (черная этикетка, линия высококлассных дизайнеров высшего класса)
• ck Calvin Klein (серая этикетка, недавно переименованная как линия сбора мостов; имеет лицензию Warnaco Group, Inc. по крайней мере до 2044 года. PVH приобрела Warnaco Group в феврале 2013 года.
• Calvin Klein (white label, базовая линия моды лучше спортивной одежды)
• Calvin Klein Sport (спортивная версия линии white label для Macy’s )
• Calvin Klein Jeans (линия джинсовой одежды; лицензия принадлежит Warnaco Group по крайней мере до 2044 года. PVH приобрела Warnaco Group в феврале 2013 года.
• Calvin Klein Home (коллекции постельного белья, полотенец, ковриков и аксессуаров высокого класса)
• Коллекция Khaki (молодежное постельное белье среднего и высокого класса, полотенца, коврики для ванной и аксессуары) снята с производства в 2008 г.
• Calvin Klein Golf (запущен в конце 2007 г.)
• Calvin Klein Underwear ( коллекции нижнего белья; лицензированы Warnaco Group не менее 2044 года. PVH приобрела Warnaco Group в феврале 2013 года.
• CK one Lifestyle brand (выпуск ароматов, нижнего белья, джинсов) 2011)
• Calvin Klein Watches + Jewelry (часы выпущены в 1997 году, ювелирные изделия в 2004 году)

Fo Подробнее см. Текущие бренды и лицензии.

Fragrances

Calvin Klein предлагает различные линейки духов и одеколонов, включая Obsession и Eternity. До мая 2005 года их парфюмерия и соответствующие линии ароматов поддерживались Calvin Klein Cosmetics Company (CKCC), компанией Unilever. Косметический гигант Coty, Inc. из Нью-Йорка выкупил лицензионные соглашения на парфюмерию у Unilever.

Advertising

Первые рекламные ролики сняли Брюс Вебер и Ричард Аведон. Один из его моделей мужского нижнего белья, Марк Уолберг, прославился как звезда хип-хопа «Марки Марк», пробившись на голливудскую сцену, чтобы стать действующим актером. Еще одна голливудская звезда, впервые появившаяся в рекламе Calvin Klein, — это Антонио Сабато-младший. Кельвин Кляйн нанял Кейт Мосс в начале своей карьеры в начале 1990-х и в 2002 году после обвинений в употреблении кокаина. Другие модели, которые появлялись в рекламе в начале своей карьеры, — это Наталья Водянова и Тони Гаррн. В настоящее время Calvin Klein использует Shawn Mendes, Tyson Ballou и Lara Stone, а в прошлом также использовал Christy Turlington, Джерри Холл, Патти Хансен, Том Хинтнаус, Трэвис Фиммел, Даутцен Крус, Мини Анден, Гаррет Нефф, Шон О’Прай, Эдита Вилкевичуте, Джейми Дорнан, Лю Вэнь и Эдвард Ферлонг.

Модели Calvin Klein

Такие актеры, как Ева Мендес, Мехкад Брукс, Скарлетт Йоханссон, Келлан Латс, Энди МакДауэлл, Александр Скарсгард, Зои Салдана, Рита Ора, Руни Мара, Лупита Нионго, Марго Робби, Сирша Ронан, Джейк Джилленхол и Дайан Крюгер также были выбраны в качестве модели для бренд. Шведский футболист Фредди Юнгберг снялся в серии рекламных роликов компании. Недавно певец Джастин Бибер появился в рекламе нижнего белья Calvin Klein, как и фотомодель Кендалл Дженнер. В 2017 году Соланж Ноулз стала лицом кампании Our Music, #MYCALVINS. 16 июля 2018 года Saoirse Ronan и Lupita Nyong’o были объявлены лицами Raf Simons первого аромата бренда под названием Women. Они также экспериментировали с новыми технологиями. Рекламируя парфюм cKOne в 1999 году, они разместили адреса электронной почты в печатных объявлениях, ориентированных на подростков. Когда эти подростки отправляли эти адреса по почте, их помещали в список рассылки , который отправлял им письма с расплывчатыми подробностями о жизни моделей, с вымышленными подробностями, чтобы сделать их более понятными. Эти письма приходили с непредсказуемыми интервалами и должны были дать читателям ощущение, что они имеют какую-то связь с этими персонажами. Хотя списки рассылки были прекращены в 2002 году, кампания вдохновила схожую маркетинговую тактику на фильмы и другие розничные товары. В 2019 году Calvin Klein представил рекламу для больших женщин. В 2020 году Calvin Klein пригласил чернокожую транс-модель Джари Джонса, а другие восемь моделей LGBTQ представили свою кампанию #PROUDINMYCALVINS.

Branding

Как и другие модные бренды, Calvin Klein установил монограмму: «эмблема.

Лицензиаты

По состоянию на 2012 год тремя основными лицензиатами были:

• Warnaco Group — 40% лицензионных отчислений, что составляет« около 100 миллионов долларов »
• Coty — 12% лицензионных отчислений
• G-III Apparel Group — 14% лицензионных отчислений

Интернет

В 2004 году компания купила доменное имя CK.com. Calvin Klein — одна из немногих корпораций в мире, владеющих двухбуквенным доменным именем.

Designers

. Когда Calvin Klein был приобретен PVH Corp. в 2003 году, Франсиско Коста был назначен креативным директором женской коллекции Calvin Klein Collection. Коста уже работал с Кляйном непосредственно перед уходом основателя из компании и занял должность директора в 2003 году.

Итало Цуккелли, бывший дизайнер Джил Сандер и Ромео Джильи, сотрудничал с Calvin Klein в течение шести сезонов, прежде чем весной 2004 года он стал главным дизайнером и креативным директором мужской линии мужской одежды Calvin Klein Collection.

Кевин Карриган, англичанин, был назначен глобальным креативным директором СК Calvin Klein, Calvin Klein (белая этикетка), Calvin Klein Jeans и Calvin Klein Underwear и связанные с ними лицензионные продукты. Карриган работал с Calvin Klein с 1998 года.

В апреле 2016 года было объявлено, что Франсиско Коста и Итало Зуккелли покидают компанию.

В августе 2016 года Calvin Klein, Inc. объявила назначение Рафа Симонса главным креативным директором бренда, курирующим все аспекты дизайна, глобального рынка и коммуникаций, а также услуг визуального творчества. Саймонс принял креативную стратегию бренда Calvin Klein на глобальном уровне в линиях готовой одежды, бриджей, спортивной одежды, джинсов, нижнего белья и товаров для дома. Питер Мюльер также был объявлен креативным директором, подчиняясь непосредственно Саймонсу и отвечая за реализацию его творческого и дизайнерского видения мужской и женской готовой одежды, бриджа и лучшей одежды и аксессуаров. Также было объявлено, что Кевин Карриган ушел из компании ради творческой роли в Ralph Lauren. Первые коллекции Саймонса дебютировали в сезоне осень 2017.

В декабре 2016 года было объявлено, что Эми Меллен покинет компанию.

В январе 2017 года было объявлено, что Клеманда Бургевен Блахман примет это решение. роль вице-президента по дизайну в Calvin Klein Home.

В декабре 2018 было объявлено, что Раф Симонс расстался с Calvin Klein всего через два года работы в компании.

Корпоративный

Магазины

• Calvin Klein Collection

В конце 1990-х компания открыла элегантные магазины Calvin Klein Collection в Париже, Сеуле и Тайбэе, а также магазины ультрасовременной продукции cK Calvin Klein в Гонконг, Милан и Кувейт. На сегодняшний день существует только один магазин Calvin Klein Collection, управляемый CKI. Он расположен в Нью-Йорке. Из двух магазинов Calvin Klein Collection, существовавших в США, в середине 2005 года был закрыт магазин в Далласе в Хайленд-Парк-Виллидж, который был открыт в течение 20 лет. Единственный международный магазин в Париже был закрыт PVH в марте 2006 года. Магазин в Нью-Йорке, который является флагманским магазином компании на 654 Мэдисон-авеню, открыт и по сей день. Партнеры имеют магазины Calvin Klein Collection в Гонконге, Шанхае, Мумбаи, Сеуле, Сингапуре, Куала-Лумпуре, Бангкоке, Дубае и Катаре.

• Calvin Klein (белая этикетка)

Специализированные магазины розничной торговли Calvin Klein, спроектированные нью-йоркской архитектурной фирмой Lynch / Eisinger / Design, открылись на Lenox Square в Атланте, Беверли Центр в Лос-Анджелесе; сейчас закрыт, Cherry Creek Mall в Денвере; в настоящее время закрыто, Natick Collection в Натике, Массачусетс; закрытие 25 июля 2010 г., Торговый центр в Партридж-Крик в Мичигане; в настоящее время закрыто, Торговый центр Авентура в Авентуре, Флорида, Плаза Южного побережья в Коста-Меса, Калифорния. Еще восемь магазинов, разработанных Lynch / Eisinger / Design, должны открыться в 2008 году. Есть также несколько аутлетов Calvin Klein Outlet, в основном расположенных в торговых центрах фабрики в США, которые продают спортивную одежду white label, а иногда и Calvin Klein white. этикетка по сниженным ценам, но без строк Коллекция.

• Calvin Klein Jeans

Магазины Calvin Klein Jeans существуют по всему миру. Среди многих других стран: Великобритания, Германия, Греция, Россия, Бразилия, Мексика, Хорватия, Египет, Чили, Аргентина, Индия, Филиппины, Австралия и Новая Зеландия. Они также предлагают франчайзи и открылись в прошлом году в Кали.

• Calvin Klein Underwear

Фирменные бутики Calvin Klein Underwear можно найти в Любляне, Буэнос-Айресе, Кардифф (по состоянию на апрель 2011 г.), Мехико, Эдинбург, Глазго, Мельбурн, Гонконг Конг, Лондон, Манчестер, Манила, Нью-Йорк, Шанхай, Сингапур, Франкфурт-на-Майне, Мюнхен, Торонто, Хэтфилд и Бернаби, Британская Колумбия (Метро Ванкувер ).

• Универмаги

Основные универмаги в США, включая Macy’s, Lord Taylor, Dillard’s и Nordstrom, а также во многих небольших независимых магазинах представлены коллекции ck, white label и / или Jeans. Некоторые элитные универмаги, такие как Bergdorf Goodman, Saks Fifth Avenue и Neiman Marcus, также продают Calvin Klein Collection. Известные розничные торговцы в Великобритании, предлагающие Calvin Klein, включают такие магазины, как John Lewis, Debenhams и. В Австралии доминирующим розничным продавцом является Майер. Продукты Calvin Klein также можно найти в Интернете, при этом особое внимание в Интернете уделяется продаже нижнего белья и парфюмерии Calvin Klein.

• Европа и Азия

В Европе Calvin Klein в основном известна своим нижним бельем, аксессуарами и, возможно, бизнесом Collection, а не линиями спортивной одежды средней ценовой категории, которые доступны по избранным дорогим ценам. конец розничных магазинов. В Азии также есть фирменные магазины ck Calvin Klein, которые предлагают диффузную линию, также известную как серый лейбл, включая женскую одежду, мужскую одежду и аксессуары.

Споры

В 1980 году Ричард Аведон сфотографировал и руководил кампанией Calvin Klein Jeans, в которой участвовала 15-летняя Брук Шилдс. Некоторые из этих рекламных объявлений были запрещены, в том числе печально известная реклама, в которой Брук спрашивает: «Вы хотите знать, что происходит между мной и моими Calvins? Ничего!»

Рекламы 1995 года, продвигающие джинсы Calvin Klein, подверглись критике за то, что « детское порно».

В августе 2012, Lululemon Athletica подал иск против Calvin Klein и поставщиком G-III Apparel Group для нарушения из трех Патенты компании Lululemon на дизайн штанов для йоги. Судебный процесс был несколько необычным, так как в нем участвовал дизайнер, стремящийся отстаивать защиту интеллектуальной собственности на одежду с помощью патентных прав. 20 ноября 2012 года Лулулемон подала уведомление о добровольном увольнении в суды Делавэра на основании частного мирового соглашения, достигнутого между сторонами, которое отклонит иск. Согласно пресс-релизу Lululemon, «Lululemon ценит свои продукты и связанные с ними права интеллектуальной собственности и принимает необходимые меры для защиты своих активов, когда мы видим попытки скопировать наши продукты».

Однако, согласно брендбуку Chevalier Luxury Brand Менеджмент, Кляйн «редко участвует в проектировании и разработке продуктов, носящих его имя» и «все виды деятельности передаются лицензиатам по субподряду».

В 2014 году Кляйн подвергся критике за звание Мила Дальбесио в «Идеально подходят», который оскорбил многих женщин, поскольку он предназначен для больших размеров.

См. Также

• Секс в рекламе
• Облигации (одежда)
• Gap Inc.
• HM
• Zara (розничный торговец)
• Desigual

Ссылки

Внешние ссылки

Слушайте эту статью Этот аудиофайл был создан на основе редакции этой статьи от марта-03-2020 и не отражает последующих редакций. (

• Аудиопомощь
• Другие устные статьи

)

На Викискладе есть средства массовой информации в восторге от Calvin Klein.

• Официальный сайт

Calvin Klein Inc
Тип	Мода
Год основания	1968
Расположение	Нью-Йорк, США
Ключевые фигуры	Барри Шварц Кельвин Кляйн
Отрасль	Одежда, обувь, парфюмерия,часы
Материнская компания	«PVH Corp»
Сайт	Официальный сайт

Calvin Klein Inc — Имеет двух создателей, Кельвина и Кляйна с 2013 года. американская дизайн-студия, изготовляющая одежду стиля унисекс. Материнской компанией является «PVH Corp», которая владеет брендом.^[1]

История

Фирма «Calvin Klein, Ltd» была основана в 1968 году Келвином Кляйном и его другом детства Барри Шварцем в Нью-Йорке. Сначала ателье выпускало мужскую верхнюю одежду, затем постепенно перешло к дизайну одежды для женщин. В 1970-е для женской моды был адаптирован классический мужской костюм. Представленное в 1970 году двубортное короткое пальто с широкими лацканами не только стало хитом сезона, но и оказало сильное влияние на моду верхней женской одежды почти на десятилетие. В 1974 году Кляйн создал коллекцию аксессуаров и меховой одежды. ^[2]

Собственники

Председатель и Главный Исполнительный директор «PVH Corp» (Emanuel Chirico) Эмануэль Кирико. ^[3]

Джинсы

В 1978 году Кляйн первым в мире стал представлять на подиумах и продавать «дизайнерские джинсы», которые позволяли девушкам демонстрировать длину ног и стройность бедер. Кроме того, на заднем кармане джинсов размещался хорошо заметный логотип компании — тогда «логомания» только начиналась.^[4]

Бельё

В 1982 году Кляйн разработал коллекцию мужского нижнего белья. В его рекламе использовалось полуобнажённое мужское тело. 1992 год считается датой рождения популярного молодёжного стиля «унисекс». В рекламе использовались полуобнажённая пара, в которой девушка и юноша походили друг на друга фигурами, причёской и одеждой. В 1999 году снова прошла скандальная рекламная кампания нижнего белья для детей и подростков, в которой использовались провокационные признанные фривольными фотографии с детьми. Рекламная кампания была приостановлена, а дизайнер публично принёс свои извинения.

К одежде Кляйн разработал ряд ароматов, имеющих мужской и женский варианты:

• «Вечность» (1983 г.)
• «Одержимость» (1985 г.),
• «Отдушина» (1986 г.).

Трижды он получал премии «Coty» (1973, 1974, 1975 гг.). Четыре раза удостаивался национальной награды Соединённых Штатов в области моды — American Fashion Awards.

В 2003 г. Кляйн продал свою компанию

Calvin Klein в России

В 2001 году был открыт бутик Calvin Klein в ГУМе, который вскоре закрылся, и новый магазин появился уже в 27 марта 2003 года в ТК «Охотный ряд» на Манежной, ставший 37 по счёту в сети магазинов CK.^[5]

Парфюмерия Calvin Klein

Calvin Klein — один из наиболее продающихся брендов в области элитной парфюмерии и косметики. Первый аромат от Calvin Klein был выпущен в 1981 году.

В 1986 году права на выпуск парфюмерии под маркой Calvin Klein покупает корпорация Coty. Всего в настоящий момент выпущен 61 аромат Calvin Klein.

Наиболее успешные ароматы:

• CK One
• CK Be
• CK Euphoria
• CK Obsession
• CK Truth
• CK Eternity

Интересные факты

• Осев в США и Европе, фирма в 1990-е годы активно расширялась на восток, открывая свои бутики в Гонконге, Джакарте, Кувейте.
• В рекламе, призывающей носить белье с широкой корсетной резинкой и надписью Calvin Klein, снимаются знаменитый рэпер М. Марк и супермодель Д. Вест. Дизайнер впервые ввёл в рекламу полуобнажённое мужское тело. Кляйн утверждал, что он «разрабатывает нижнее белье для того, чтобы люди выглядели сексуальными».
• Кляйн сделал деним предметом дизайна, изобразив Брук Шилдс улыбающейся с рекламных фотографий, а внизу был текст: «Ты знаешь, что между мной и моими джинсами ничего нет?..» В США разразился скандал, дизайнера обвиняли в использовании несовершеннолетних и в «съёмках, близких к порнографическим». Скандал устранили, джинсы сняли с производства, и только в 1998 году фирма опять вернулась к ставшей уже классической модели.
• Плакат «Тайная вечеря от Кляйна», на которой воспроизведён известный библейский сюжет, но с полуобнажёнными моделями обоего пола в джинсах, вызвал широкий резонанс в обществе. Церковь выставила дизайнеру иск на миллион долларов, который пришлось уплатить.^[4]

См. также

• Armani
• Dolce&Gabbana
• Lacoste
• Guerlain
• Givenchy

Примечания

Ссылки

• Официальный сайт (англ.)
• Жизнь в стиле Calvin Klein (рус.)
• Официальный сайт материнской компании PVH Corp  (англ.)
• Calvin Klein Perfumes
• Парфюмерия Calvin Klein (рус.)

Эта статья — о компании. О модельере см. Кельвин Кляйн.

Calvin Klein Inc. — американский дом моды, основанный в 1968 году в Нью-Йорке модельером Кельвином Кляйном и его другом детства Барри Шварцем.
Выпускает джинсы, нижнее бельё, одежду в стиле унисекс и аксессуары

Материнской компанией является «PVH Corp», которая владеет брендом начиная с 2003 года^[1].

История

Компания Calvin Klein, Ltd была основана в 1968 году^[2] Келвином Кляйном и его другом детства Барри Шварцем в Нью-Йорке.
Сначала ателье выпускало мужскую верхнюю одежду, затем постепенно перешло к дизайну одежды для женщин.
В 1970-е для женской моды был адаптирован классический мужской костюм; представленное в 1970 году двубортное короткое пальто с широкими лацканами не только стало хитом сезона, но и оказало сильное влияние на моду верхней женской одежды почти на десятилетие.
В 1974 году Кляйн создал коллекцию аксессуаров и меховой одежды.^[3]

В 1978 году Кляйн первым в мире стал представлять на подиумах и продавать «дизайнерские джинсы», которые позволяли девушкам демонстрировать длину ног и стройность бедер.

Во времена, когда «логомания» только начиналась, на заднем кармане джинсов размещался хорошо заметный логотип компании^[4].

Продажа компании

В 2003 году Кельвин Кляйн продал свою компанию американской корпорации Phillips-Van Heusen Corporation, занимающийся выпуском рубашек, сумма сделки составила 430 млн долл. Председателем и главным исполнительным директором PVH Corp являются Эмануэль Кирико (Emanuel Chirico) и эмигрант из СССР Роман Плехов^{[источник не указан 2327 дней]}.
На сегодняшний день^{[когда?]} фирма^{[какая?]} оценивается в 34,7 млрд долл., что делает её самой богатой модельной фирмой мира^{[источник не указан 2327 дней]}.

В марте 2019 было объявлено, что марка Calvin Klein прекращает производство коллекций прет-а-порте, закрывает бренд Calvin Klein 205W39NYC и больше не будет участвовать в неделях моды.^[5]

Рекламные кампании

Компания известна своими неоднозначными, нередко скандальными рекламными кампаниями.

• Для рекламы джинсов компания использовала фотографии юной Брук Шилдс, сопровождённые текстом «Ты знаешь, что между мной и моими джинсами ничего нет?..». Дизайнера обвинили в использовании несовершеннолетних и в «съёмках, близких к порнографическим». В результате скандала джинсы были сняты с производства, фирма вернулась к ставшей уже классической модели лишь в 1998 году .
• В 1982 году Кельвин Кляйн разработал коллекцию мужского нижнего белья. Для её продвижения он впервые в рекламе использовал полуобнажённое мужское тело. Дизайнер утверждал, что он «разрабатывает нижнее белье для того, чтобы люди выглядели сексуальными». Позднее в рекламе нижнего белья с широкой корсетной резинкой и надписью Calvin Klein снимались рэпер М. Марк и супермодель Д. Вест.
• В 1992 году в рекламе фигурировала полуобнажённая пара, где девушка (юная Кейт Мосс) и юноша (рэпер Марки Марк) походили друг на друга фигурами, причёской и одеждой. Новая модель одежды подходила для обоих полов, поэтому Кляйн считается родоначальником стиля «унисекс»^[6].
• В 1999 году фирма начала рекламную кампанию нижнего белья для детей и подростков, в которой использовались фотографии с детьми, признанные фривольными и провокационными. Скандальная рекламная кампания была приостановлена, дизайнер публично принёс свои извинения.

Парфюмерия

Первый аромат от Calvin Klein был выпущен в 1981 году. Бренд разработал ряд ароматов, имеющих как женский, так и мужской варианты: «Вечность» (Eternity, 1983), «Одержимость» (Obsession, 1985), «Отдушина» (1986).

В 1986 году корпорация Coty выкупила права на выпуск парфюмерии под маркой Calvin Klein. Всего было выпущено не менее 61 аромата, среди которых: CK One, CK Be, CK Euphoria, CK Truth.

Линии

• ck Calvin Klein — повседневная одежда;
• Calvin Klein White Label — спортивная одежда и обувь;
• Calvin Klein Jeans — джинсовая одежда;
• Calvin Klein Golf — одежда для игры в гольф;
• Calvin Klein Watches & Jewelry — украшения и часы;
• Calvin Klein Home — домашняя одежда и аксессуары;
• Calvin Klein Underwear — нижнее бельё.

Магазины

Освоив американский и европейский рынки, в 1990-е годы фирма активно расширялась на восток, открывая свои бутики в Гонконге, Джакарте, Кувейте. В 2001 году был открыт бутик в московском ГУМе, который вскоре закрылся. Новый магазин появился 27 марта 2003 года в торговом комплексе «Охотный ряд» на Манежной площади — он стал 37-м по счёту магазином сети

Примечания

Ссылки

• Официальный сайт (недоступная ссылка) (англ.)
• Жизнь в стиле Calvin Klein (недоступная ссылка) (рус.)
• Официальный сайт материнской компании PVH Corp  (англ.)

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